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Chordeumatida

August 29, 2023

Chordeumatida (from the Greek word for "sausage") is a large order of millipedes containing some 1200 species with a nearly worldwide distribution. Also known as sausage millipedes,[1] they grow and develop through a series of moults, adding segments until they reach a fixed number in the adult stage, which is usually the same for a given sex in a given species, at which point the moulting and the addition of segments and legs stop.[2] This mode of development, known as teloanamorphosis, distinguishes this order from most other orders of millipedes, which usually continue to moult as adults, developing through either euanamorphosis or hemianamorphosis.[2][3]

Chordeumatida
Two unidentified species from New Zealand
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Diplopoda
Subterclass: Eugnatha
Superorder: Nematophora
Order: Chordeumatida
Pocock, 1894
Suborders

Chordeumatidea
Craspedosomatidea
Heterochordeumatidea
Striariidea

Diversity
c. 50 families, 1200 species
Synonyms

Ascospermophora Verhoeff, 1900
Craspedosomatida Jeekel, 1971

Description Edit

Chordeumatidans are relatively short-bodied, with only 26 to 32 body segments (including the telson) behind the head. They range in length from 4–25 mm (0.16–0.98 in). A key feature is the presence of 6 large bristles (setae) on the dorsal surface of each body segment. The first segment (collum) is relatively narrow, giving the appearance of a distinct "neck" in many species. The body tapers towards the rear, and the rearmost tip (telson) contains silk-producing organs (spinnerets). A dorsal groove runs down the length of the body, and some species possess paranota, lateral extensions of the exoskeleton. Paranota are also found in some other millipedes, notably Polydesmida, from which Chordeumatidans can be distinguished by having a dorsal groove. Unlike most other helminthomorph (worm-like) millipedes, chordeumatidans lack ozopores.[4][5]

Most chordeumatidan species have 30 body segments (including the telson) as adults, and adult females in these species have 50 leg pairs.[2][6] In adult males in this order, two leg pairs (pair 8 and pair 9) are modified into gonopods, leaving 48 pair of walking legs in the typical adult male chordeumatidan.[7][2] Many species in this order, however, deviate from this typical body plan.

Many chordeumatidan species deviate from the usual 30 segments: A few species have 26 segments as adults (e.g., Chamaesoma broelemanni and Opisthocheiron canayerensis), many species have 28 (e.g., Lipseuma josianae[8]), one genus features 29 (Tianella, in which all but two species have 29[9]), one species (Metamastigophorophyllon martensi) features 31, and many species have 32 (e.g., Altajosoma kemerovo[10]).[2] Some species also deviate by featuring sexual dimorphism in segment number, specifically, adult males with two segments fewer than adult females, for example, in the family Buotidae (males with 26, females with 28),[11] in Xystrosoma beatense (males with 28, females with the usual 30),[2] and in the family Peterjohnsiidae (males with the usual 30, females with 32).[12]

With these deviations from the usual 30 segments, the number of leg pairs in adults changes, usually with two leg pairs added or subtracted for each segment added to or subtracted from the typical number.[6] For example, in Chamaesoma broelemanni, with only 26 segments (four fewer than the typical number), adult females have only 42 leg pairs, and adult males have only 40 pairs of walking legs (excluding two pairs of gonopods).[13][2] Adult females with 32 segments (two more than the typical number) have 54 leg pairs (e.g., in the family Peterjohnsiidae[12]), which is the maximum number fixed by species in the class Diplopoda.[14]

Many species deviate from the expected number of walking legs, however, because they deviate in terms of sex-linked modifications to their legs. For example, many species involve another leg pair in addition to pairs 8 and 9 in the gonopod complex in adult males. In the family Speophilosomatidae, leg pair 7 in adult males is modified as part of the gonopod complex.[15] In many species, the gonopod complex instead includes leg pair 10 in addition to pairs 8 and 9 (e.g., Branneria carinata,[16] Reginaterreuma monroei,[12] Golovatchia magda, and Hoffmaneuma exiguum[17]). The family Chordeumatidae exhibits the most extensive modifications, including five leg pairs (pairs 7 through 11) in the gonopod complex.[7][2] Some species also deviate from the usual body plan by reducing or eliminating leg pairs in the adult female. In the family Chordeumatidae, for example, adult females feature a legless sternite (the "platosternite") where a third pair of legs would otherwise be.[7][2][6] In other species (e.g., the genus Kashmireuma and the species Vieteuma longi), adult females instead exhibit modifications to their second leg pair, which are reduced to small nubbins.[18]

Distribution Edit

Chordeumatidans have a large distribution, occurring on all continents except Antarctica. They are present in Madagascar but absent from sub-Saharan Africa and, aside from southern Chile, are largely absent from South America. They occur in the tropics of Central America, Southeast Asia, and Oceania, and as far south as Tasmania, New Zealand, and Chiloé Island, Chile.[19] They are abundant in cold, rocky, mountainous areas of Europe and central Asia, and range northward to Scandinavia, Siberia, and in North America up into Canada and southwest Alaska.[19]

Classification Edit

Chordeumatida contains approximately 1200 species,[20][21] classified in four suborders and approximately 50 families, although several families contain only one to five genera.[22]

Suborder Chordeumatidea Pocock 1894
Suborder Craspedosomatidea Cook, 1895
Suborder Heterochordeumatidea Shear, 2000
Suborder Striariidea Cook, 1896

References Edit

  1. ^ Henen, Derek; Brown, Jeff. Millipedes of Ohio (PDF). Ohio Division of Wildlife. pp. 3, 24.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Enghoff, Henrik; Dohle, Wolfgang; Blower, J. Gordon (1993). "Anamorphosis in Millipedes (Diplopoda) — The Present State of Knowledge with Some Developmental and Phylogenetic Considerations". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 109 (2): 103–234. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb00305.x.
  3. ^ Fusco, Giuseppe (December 2005). "Trunk segment numbers and sequential segmentation in myriapods". Evolution & Development. 7 (6): 608–617. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05064.x. PMID 16336414. S2CID 21401688. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  4. ^ "Millipede Body Organization". Milli-PEET: The class Diplopoda. The Field Museum, Chicago. 9 February 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  5. ^ "Putative apomorphies of millipede clades" (PDF). Milli-PEET: Millipede Systematics. The Field Museum, Chicago, IL. 26 September 2006.
  6. ^ a b c Enghoff, Henrik; Golovatch, Sergei; Short, Megan; Stoev, Pavel; Wesener, Thomas (2015-01-01). "Diplopoda — taxonomic overview". Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda, Volume 2: 363–453. doi:10.1163/9789004188273_017. ISBN 9789004156128.
  7. ^ a b c Blower, J. Gordon (1985). Millipedes : keys and notes for the identification of the species. Linnean Society of London, Estuarine and Brackish-water Sciences Association. London: Published for the Linnean Society of London and the Estuarine and Brackish-Water Sciences Association by E.J. Brill. ISBN 90-04-07698-0. OCLC 13439686.
  8. ^ Golovatch, Sergei I.; Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques; Mauries, Jean-Paul (2006). "Four new Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) from caves in China". Zoosystema. 28 (1): 75–92.
  9. ^ Mauriès, Jean-Paul (1988). "Myriapodes du Népal. II. Diplopodes Craspedosomides nouveaux de l'Himalaya et de la région indo-malaise (Craspedosomidea et Chordeumidea)". Revue suisse de zoologie (in French). 95: 3–49. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.79638. ISSN 0035-418X – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  10. ^ Shear, William A. (1990). "On the Central and East Asian milliped family Diplomaragnidae (Diplopoda, Choredeumatida, Diplomaragnoidea)". American Museum Novitates (2977). hdl:2246/5072.
  11. ^ Shear, William A. (2009-11-16). "Buotidae, a new family for the minute North American milliped Buotus carolinus (Chamberlin) 1940 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)". Zootaxa. 2290 (1): 41–49. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2290.1.4. ISSN 1175-5334. S2CID 4833397.
  12. ^ a b c Mauries, Jean-Paul (1987). "Craspedosomid Millipedes Discovered in Australia: Reginaterreuma, Neocambrisoma and Peterjohnsia, New Genera (Myriapoda: Diplopoda: Craspedosomida)". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 25 (1): 107–133 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  13. ^ David, Jean-Francois (1989). "Le cycle biologique de Chamaesoma broelemanni Ribaut et Verhoeff, 1913 (Diplopoda, Craspedosomatida) en forêt d'Orléans (France)". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section A (in French). 4:11 (3): 639–647. doi:10.5962/p.288286. S2CID 132547501 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  14. ^ Fusco, Giuseppe (2005). "Trunk segment numbers and sequential segmentation in myriapods". Evolution & Development. 7 (6): 608–617. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05064.x. ISSN 1520-541X. PMID 16336414. S2CID 21401688.
  15. ^ Shear, William A.; Tsurusaki, Nobuo; Tanabe, Tsutomu (1994). "Japanese chordeumatid millipeds. I. On the genus Speophilosoma Takakuwa (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Speophilosomatidae)" (PDF). Myriapodologica. 3 (4): 25–36.
  16. ^ Shear, William A. (2003-07-04). "Branneria bonoculus, n. sp., a second species in the North American milliped family Branneriidae (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Brannerioidea)". Zootaxa. 233 (1): 1–7. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.233.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334 – via ResearchGate.
  17. ^ Shear, William A. (1992). "Golovatchia, new genus, and Golovatchiidae, from the Far East of the Russian Republic, with a comment on Hoffmaneumatidae (Diplopoda: Chordeumatidae)" (PDF). Myriapodologica. 3 (4): 25–36.
  18. ^ Shear, William A. (2002). "Five New Chordeumatidan Millipeds from China: New Species of Vieteuma (Kashmirieumatidae) and Nepalella (Megalotylidae)". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 53 (6): 63–72 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  19. ^ a b Shelley, R. M. & Golavatch, S. I. (2011). "Atlas of myriapod biogeography. I. Indigenous ordinal and supra-ordinal distributions in the Diplopoda: Perspectives on taxon origins and ages, and a hypothesis on the origin and early evolution of the class". Insecta Mundi. 158: 1–134.
  20. ^ Sierwald, Petra; Bond, Jason E. (2007). "Current Status of the Myriapod Class Diplopoda (Millipedes): Taxonomic Diversity and Phylogeny". Annual Review of Entomology. 52 (1): 401–420. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.52.111805.090210. PMID 17163800.
  21. ^ Brewer, Michael S.; Sierwald, Petra; Bond, Jason E. (2012). "Millipede Taxonomy after 250 Years: Classification and Taxonomic Practices in a Mega-Diverse yet Understudied Arthropod Group". PLOS ONE. 7 (5): e37240. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...737240B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037240. PMC 3352885. PMID 22615951.
  22. ^ Shear, W. (2011). "Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 159–164. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.32.

External links Edit

  •   Media related to Chordeumatida at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Data related to Chordeumatida at Wikispecies
  • "Chordeumatida" at the Encyclopedia of Life  
  • North American Chordeumatida on BugGuide.net

August 29, 2023
chordeumatida, from, greek, word, sausage, large, order, millipedes, containing, some, 1200, species, with, nearly, worldwide, distribution, also, known, sausage, millipedes, they, grow, develop, through, series, moults, adding, segments, until, they, reach, f. Chordeumatida from the Greek word for sausage is a large order of millipedes containing some 1200 species with a nearly worldwide distribution Also known as sausage millipedes 1 they grow and develop through a series of moults adding segments until they reach a fixed number in the adult stage which is usually the same for a given sex in a given species at which point the moulting and the addition of segments and legs stop 2 This mode of development known as teloanamorphosis distinguishes this order from most other orders of millipedes which usually continue to moult as adults developing through either euanamorphosis or hemianamorphosis 2 3 ChordeumatidaTwo unidentified species from New ZealandScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaSubphylum MyriapodaClass DiplopodaSubterclass EugnathaSuperorder NematophoraOrder ChordeumatidaPocock 1894SubordersChordeumatideaCraspedosomatideaHeterochordeumatideaStriariideaDiversityc 50 families 1200 speciesSynonymsAscospermophora Verhoeff 1900 Craspedosomatida Jeekel 1971Arthropods portal Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Classification 4 References 5 External linksDescription EditChordeumatidans are relatively short bodied with only 26 to 32 body segments including the telson behind the head They range in length from 4 25 mm 0 16 0 98 in A key feature is the presence of 6 large bristles setae on the dorsal surface of each body segment The first segment collum is relatively narrow giving the appearance of a distinct neck in many species The body tapers towards the rear and the rearmost tip telson contains silk producing organs spinnerets A dorsal groove runs down the length of the body and some species possess paranota lateral extensions of the exoskeleton Paranota are also found in some other millipedes notably Polydesmida from which Chordeumatidans can be distinguished by having a dorsal groove Unlike most other helminthomorph worm like millipedes chordeumatidans lack ozopores 4 5 Most chordeumatidan species have 30 body segments including the telson as adults and adult females in these species have 50 leg pairs 2 6 In adult males in this order two leg pairs pair 8 and pair 9 are modified into gonopods leaving 48 pair of walking legs in the typical adult male chordeumatidan 7 2 Many species in this order however deviate from this typical body plan Many chordeumatidan species deviate from the usual 30 segments A few species have 26 segments as adults e g Chamaesoma broelemanni and Opisthocheiron canayerensis many species have 28 e g Lipseuma josianae 8 one genus features 29 Tianella in which all but two species have 29 9 one species Metamastigophorophyllon martensi features 31 and many species have 32 e g Altajosoma kemerovo 10 2 Some species also deviate by featuring sexual dimorphism in segment number specifically adult males with two segments fewer than adult females for example in the family Buotidae males with 26 females with 28 11 in Xystrosoma beatense males with 28 females with the usual 30 2 and in the family Peterjohnsiidae males with the usual 30 females with 32 12 With these deviations from the usual 30 segments the number of leg pairs in adults changes usually with two leg pairs added or subtracted for each segment added to or subtracted from the typical number 6 For example in Chamaesoma broelemanni with only 26 segments four fewer than the typical number adult females have only 42 leg pairs and adult males have only 40 pairs of walking legs excluding two pairs of gonopods 13 2 Adult females with 32 segments two more than the typical number have 54 leg pairs e g in the family Peterjohnsiidae 12 which is the maximum number fixed by species in the class Diplopoda 14 Many species deviate from the expected number of walking legs however because they deviate in terms of sex linked modifications to their legs For example many species involve another leg pair in addition to pairs 8 and 9 in the gonopod complex in adult males In the family Speophilosomatidae leg pair 7 in adult males is modified as part of the gonopod complex 15 In many species the gonopod complex instead includes leg pair 10 in addition to pairs 8 and 9 e g Branneria carinata 16 Reginaterreuma monroei 12 Golovatchia magda and Hoffmaneuma exiguum 17 The family Chordeumatidae exhibits the most extensive modifications including five leg pairs pairs 7 through 11 in the gonopod complex 7 2 Some species also deviate from the usual body plan by reducing or eliminating leg pairs in the adult female In the family Chordeumatidae for example adult females feature a legless sternite the platosternite where a third pair of legs would otherwise be 7 2 6 In other species e g the genus Kashmireuma and the species Vieteuma longi adult females instead exhibit modifications to their second leg pair which are reduced to small nubbins 18 Distribution EditChordeumatidans have a large distribution occurring on all continents except Antarctica They are present in Madagascar but absent from sub Saharan Africa and aside from southern Chile are largely absent from South America They occur in the tropics of Central America Southeast Asia and Oceania and as far south as Tasmania New Zealand and Chiloe Island Chile 19 They are abundant in cold rocky mountainous areas of Europe and central Asia and range northward to Scandinavia Siberia and in North America up into Canada and southwest Alaska 19 Classification EditChordeumatida contains approximately 1200 species 20 21 classified in four suborders and approximately 50 families although several families contain only one to five genera 22 Suborder Chordeumatidea Pocock 1894Superfamily Chordeumatoidea C L Koch 1847 Chordeumatidae C L Koch 1847 Speophilosomatidae Takakuwa 1949Suborder Craspedosomatidea Cook 1895Superfamily Anthroleucosomatoidea Verhoeff 1899 Anthroleucosomatidae Verhoeff 1899 Haasiidae Hoffman 1980 Origmatogonidae Verhoeff 1914 Vandeleumatidae Mauries 1970 Superfamily Brannerioidea Cook 1896 Brachychaeteumatidae Verhoeff 1910 Branneriidae Cook 1896 Chaemosomatidae Verhoeff 1913 Atractosoma Craspedosomatidae from Germany Craspedosoma Craspedosomatidae from Belgium Golovatchiidae Shear 1992 Heterolatzeliidae Verhoeff 1899 Kashmireumatidae Mauries 1982 Macrochaeteumatidae Verhoeff 1914 Microlympiidae Shear amp Leonard 2003 Niponiosomatidae Verhoeff 1941 Tingupidae Loomis 1966 Trachygonidae Cook 1896 Superfamily Cleidogonoidea Cook 1896 Biokoviellidae Mrsic 1992 Cleidogonidae Cook 1896 Entomobielziidae Verhoeff 1899 Lusitaniosomatidae Schubart 1953 Opisthocheiridae Ribaut 1913 Trichopetalidae Verhoeff 1914 Superfamily Craspedosomatoidea Gray in Jones 1843 Attemsiidae Verhoeff 1899 A pair of Haasea Haaseidae from Germany The dorsal groove is visible Craspedosomatidae Gray in Jones 1843 Haplobainosomatidae Verhoeff 1909 Superfamily Haaseoidea Attems 1899 Haaseidae Attems 1899 Superfamily NeoatractosomatoideaVerhoeff 1901 Altajellidae Mikhaljova amp Golovatch 2001 Cyrnosomatidae Mauries 2003 Faginidae Attems 1926 Hoffmaneumatidae Golovatch 1978 Mastigophorophyllidae Verhoeff 1899 Neoactractosomatidae Verhoeff 1901 Superfamily VerhoeffioideaVerhoeff 1899 Verhoeffiidae Verhoeff 1899Suborder Heterochordeumatidea Shear 2000Superfamily Conotyloidea Cook 1896 Adritylidae Shear 1971 Conotylidae Cook 1896 Superfamily Diplomaragnoidea Attems 1907 Schedotrigona Metopidiotrichidae from New ZealandDiplomaragnidae Attems 1907 Superfamily Heterochordeumatoidea Pocock 1894 Eudigonidae Verhoeff 1914 Heterochordeumatidae Pocock 1894 Megalotylidae Golovatch 1978 MetopidiotrichidaeAttems 1907 Peterjohnsiidae Mauries 1987 Superfamily PygmaeosomatoideaCarl 1941 Lankasomatidae Mauries 1978 Pygmaeosomatidae Carl 1941Suborder Striariidea Cook 1896Superfamily CaseyoideaVerhoeff 1909 Caseyidae Verhoeff 1909 Urochordeumatidae Silvestri 1909 Superfamily StriarioideaBollman 1893 Apterouridae Loomis 1966 Buotidae Shear 2009 Rhiscosomididae Silvestri 1909 Striariidae Bollman 1893References Edit Henen Derek Brown Jeff Millipedes of Ohio PDF Ohio Division of Wildlife pp 3 24 a b c d e f g h i Enghoff Henrik Dohle Wolfgang Blower J Gordon 1993 Anamorphosis in Millipedes Diplopoda The Present State of Knowledge with Some Developmental and Phylogenetic Considerations Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 109 2 103 234 doi 10 1111 j 1096 3642 1993 tb00305 x Fusco Giuseppe December 2005 Trunk segment numbers and sequential segmentation in myriapods Evolution amp Development 7 6 608 617 doi 10 1111 j 1525 142X 2005 05064 x PMID 16336414 S2CID 21401688 Retrieved 25 August 2020 Millipede Body Organization Milli PEET The class Diplopoda The Field Museum Chicago 9 February 2012 Retrieved 18 March 2014 Putative apomorphies of millipede clades PDF Milli PEET Millipede Systematics The Field Museum Chicago IL 26 September 2006 a b c Enghoff Henrik Golovatch Sergei Short Megan Stoev Pavel Wesener Thomas 2015 01 01 Diplopoda taxonomic overview Treatise on Zoology Anatomy Taxonomy Biology The Myriapoda Volume 2 363 453 doi 10 1163 9789004188273 017 ISBN 9789004156128 a b c Blower J Gordon 1985 Millipedes keys and notes for the identification of the species Linnean Society of London Estuarine and Brackish water Sciences Association London Published for the Linnean Society of London and the Estuarine and Brackish Water Sciences Association by E J Brill ISBN 90 04 07698 0 OCLC 13439686 Golovatch Sergei I Geoffroy Jean Jacques Mauries Jean Paul 2006 Four new Chordeumatida Diplopoda from caves in China Zoosystema 28 1 75 92 Mauries Jean Paul 1988 Myriapodes du Nepal II Diplopodes Craspedosomides nouveaux de l Himalaya et de la region indo malaise Craspedosomidea et Chordeumidea Revue suisse de zoologie in French 95 3 49 doi 10 5962 bhl part 79638 ISSN 0035 418X via Biodiversity Heritage Library Shear William A 1990 On the Central and East Asian milliped family Diplomaragnidae Diplopoda Choredeumatida Diplomaragnoidea American Museum Novitates 2977 hdl 2246 5072 Shear William A 2009 11 16 Buotidae a new family for the minute North American milliped Buotus carolinus Chamberlin 1940 Diplopoda Chordeumatida Striarioidea Zootaxa 2290 1 41 49 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 2290 1 4 ISSN 1175 5334 S2CID 4833397 a b c Mauries Jean Paul 1987 Craspedosomid Millipedes Discovered in Australia Reginaterreuma Neocambrisoma and Peterjohnsia New Genera Myriapoda Diplopoda Craspedosomida Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 25 1 107 133 via Biodiversity Heritage Library David Jean Francois 1989 Le cycle biologique de Chamaesoma broelemanni Ribaut et Verhoeff 1913 Diplopoda Craspedosomatida en foret d Orleans France Bulletin du Museum National d Histoire Naturelle Section A in French 4 11 3 639 647 doi 10 5962 p 288286 S2CID 132547501 via Biodiversity Heritage Library Fusco Giuseppe 2005 Trunk segment numbers and sequential segmentation in myriapods Evolution amp Development 7 6 608 617 doi 10 1111 j 1525 142X 2005 05064 x ISSN 1520 541X PMID 16336414 S2CID 21401688 Shear William A Tsurusaki Nobuo Tanabe Tsutomu 1994 Japanese chordeumatid millipeds I On the genus Speophilosoma Takakuwa Diplopoda Chordeumatida Speophilosomatidae PDF Myriapodologica 3 4 25 36 Shear William A 2003 07 04 Branneria bonoculus n sp a second species in the North American milliped family Branneriidae Diplopoda Chordeumatida Brannerioidea Zootaxa 233 1 1 7 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 233 1 1 ISSN 1175 5334 via ResearchGate Shear William A 1992 Golovatchia new genus and Golovatchiidae from the Far East of the Russian Republic with a comment on Hoffmaneumatidae Diplopoda Chordeumatidae PDF Myriapodologica 3 4 25 36 Shear William A 2002 Five New Chordeumatidan Millipeds from China New Species of Vieteuma Kashmirieumatidae and Nepalella Megalotylidae Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 53 6 63 72 via Biodiversity Heritage Library a b Shelley R M amp Golavatch S I 2011 Atlas of myriapod biogeography I Indigenous ordinal and supra ordinal distributions in the Diplopoda Perspectives on taxon origins and ages and a hypothesis on the origin and early evolution of the class Insecta Mundi 158 1 134 Sierwald Petra Bond Jason E 2007 Current Status of the Myriapod Class Diplopoda Millipedes Taxonomic Diversity and Phylogeny Annual Review of Entomology 52 1 401 420 doi 10 1146 annurev ento 52 111805 090210 PMID 17163800 Brewer Michael S Sierwald Petra Bond Jason E 2012 Millipede Taxonomy after 250 Years Classification and Taxonomic Practices in a Mega Diverse yet Understudied Arthropod Group PLOS ONE 7 5 e37240 Bibcode 2012PLoSO 737240B doi 10 1371 journal pone 0037240 PMC 3352885 PMID 22615951 Shear W 2011 Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais 1844 In Zhang Z Q Ed Animal biodiversity An outline of higher level classification and survey of taxonomic richness PDF Zootaxa 3148 159 164 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 3148 1 32 External links Edit Media related to Chordeumatida at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Chordeumatida at Wikispecies Chordeumatida at the Encyclopedia of Life Chordeumatida of Tasmania North American Chordeumatida on BugGuide net Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chordeumatida amp oldid 1170099178 Classification, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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