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States of Holland and West Friesland

The States of Holland and West Frisia (Dutch: Staten van Holland en West-Friesland) were the representation of the two Estates (standen) to the court of the Count of Holland. After the United Provinces were formed — and there no longer was a count, but only his "lieutenant" (the stadtholder) — they continued to function as the government of the County of Holland.[1]

Meeting of the States of Holland and West Friesland (Staten van Holland en West-Friesland) in 1625
Philip the Good
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt

The nobility was normally represented by the Land's Advocate of Holland or Grand Pensionary of Holland, who combined the votes of the ten members of the Ridderschap (the "Knighthood") in the estates; the nobility was also supposed to represent all rural interest, including those of the farmers. The Commons consisted of representatives of eighteen cities, in ancient feudal order: eleven of the Southern Quarter: Dordrecht, Haarlem, Delft, Leyden, Amsterdam, Gouda, Rotterdam, Gorinchem, Schiedam, Schoonhoven and Brill; seven of the Northern West Frisian Quarter: Alkmaar, Hoorn, Enkhuizen, Edam, Monnikendam, Medemblik and Purmerend.

More powerful cities were allowed to send more representatives — Amsterdam had a delegation of four — but these then together had only one vote. All members of the States were appointed officials, including the Land's Advocate or Grand Pensionary, who was appointed by the States themselves. The Land's Advocate or Grand Pensionary was nearly always a previous pensionary of a city. Very important matters, such as about taxation, had to be decided on unanimously but normally decisions were made by majority. This majority was not reached after a voting procedure, but by a summary at the end of the meeting by the Land's Advocate or the Grand Pensionary of the opinions expressed by the several members present, who would speak according to the feudal order: Dordrecht first, Purmerend last. He had literally both the first — as representing the nobility vote — and the last say in a meeting. Since the death of Johan van Oldebarnevelt any Prince of Orange also being stadtholder indirectly had much power over the States. He had the right to appoint the mayors of all cities, out of one of two candidates suggested by the appointment college of a city. Mayors of cities with city rights chose the officials who served as representatives in the States of Holland. The States of Holland were disbanded during the reforms by the Batavian Republic.

The States of Holland should not be confused with the States-General, or Staten-Generaal, the confederate government of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands as a whole. Each of the provinces of the Netherlands had its own States and Holland was just one of seven. Nevertheless, this province was so dominant that a politician controlling the States of Holland by being Land's Advocate of Holland or Grand Pensionary, in fact controlled the Republic. Johan de Witt is a case in point, and Johan van Oldebarnevelt was another famous example.

First mentioned in 1428, the States of Holland existed until 1795 when the Batavian Republic was established in the Batavian Revolution.[2][3] The States of Holland were initially replaced by the Provisional Representatives of the People of Holland, which representative body also took the place of the States in the States General of the Batavian Republic.

References edit

  1. ^ Graaf, Ronald P. de (2004). Oorlog om Holland, 1000-1375. Hilversum: Verloren. ISBN 90-6550-807-4. OCLC 60196205.
  2. ^ Israel, Jonathan I. (2001). De republiek 1477-1806 (5 ed.). Franeker: Van Wijnen. ISBN 90-5194-221-4. OCLC 901882315.
  3. ^ "3.01.04.01 Inventaris van het archief van de Staten van Holland en West-Friesland, 1572-1795". Nationaal Archief (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-06-17.

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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Dutch June 2022 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 340 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Dutch Wikipedia article at nl Staten van Holland en West Friesland see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated nl Staten van Holland en West Friesland to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The States of Holland and West Frisia Dutch Staten van Holland en West Friesland were the representation of the two Estates standen to the court of the Count of Holland After the United Provinces were formed and there no longer was a count but only his lieutenant the stadtholder they continued to function as the government of the County of Holland 1 Meeting of the States of Holland and West Friesland Staten van Holland en West Friesland in 1625Philip the GoodJohan van OldenbarneveltThe nobility was normally represented by the Land s Advocate of Holland or Grand Pensionary of Holland who combined the votes of the ten members of the Ridderschap the Knighthood in the estates the nobility was also supposed to represent all rural interest including those of the farmers The Commons consisted of representatives of eighteen cities in ancient feudal order eleven of the Southern Quarter Dordrecht Haarlem Delft Leyden Amsterdam Gouda Rotterdam Gorinchem Schiedam Schoonhoven and Brill seven of the Northern West Frisian Quarter Alkmaar Hoorn Enkhuizen Edam Monnikendam Medemblik and Purmerend More powerful cities were allowed to send more representatives Amsterdam had a delegation of four but these then together had only one vote All members of the States were appointed officials including the Land s Advocate or Grand Pensionary who was appointed by the States themselves The Land s Advocate or Grand Pensionary was nearly always a previous pensionary of a city Very important matters such as about taxation had to be decided on unanimously but normally decisions were made by majority This majority was not reached after a voting procedure but by a summary at the end of the meeting by the Land s Advocate or the Grand Pensionary of the opinions expressed by the several members present who would speak according to the feudal order Dordrecht first Purmerend last He had literally both the first as representing the nobility vote and the last say in a meeting Since the death of Johan van Oldebarnevelt any Prince of Orange also being stadtholder indirectly had much power over the States He had the right to appoint the mayors of all cities out of one of two candidates suggested by the appointment college of a city Mayors of cities with city rights chose the officials who served as representatives in the States of Holland The States of Holland were disbanded during the reforms by the Batavian Republic The States of Holland should not be confused with the States General or Staten Generaal the confederate government of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands as a whole Each of the provinces of the Netherlands had its own States and Holland was just one of seven Nevertheless this province was so dominant that a politician controlling the States of Holland by being Land s Advocate of Holland or Grand Pensionary in fact controlled the Republic Johan de Witt is a case in point and Johan van Oldebarnevelt was another famous example First mentioned in 1428 the States of Holland existed until 1795 when the Batavian Republic was established in the Batavian Revolution 2 3 The States of Holland were initially replaced by the Provisional Representatives of the People of Holland which representative body also took the place of the States in the States General of the Batavian Republic References edit Graaf Ronald P de 2004 Oorlog om Holland 1000 1375 Hilversum Verloren ISBN 90 6550 807 4 OCLC 60196205 Israel Jonathan I 2001 De republiek 1477 1806 5 ed Franeker Van Wijnen ISBN 90 5194 221 4 OCLC 901882315 3 01 04 01 Inventaris van het archief van de Staten van Holland en West Friesland 1572 1795 Nationaal Archief in Dutch Retrieved 2022 06 17 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title States of Holland and West Friesland amp oldid 1126716482, 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