During the Roman period a pagan shrine for the cult of the god of healing (a syncretic mix between the Egyptian god Serapis and the Greek god Asclepius), stood on the grounds next to the two Pools of Bethesda.[2]
A Byzantinebasilica was built over the remains of the shrine in the 5th century. Partially destroyed by the Persians in 614, it was subsequently restored.[3]Baldwin I, the first titled Crusader king of Jerusalem, banished his wife Arda to the old Benedictine convent which still existed here in 1104.[2] A small Crusader church, the so-called Moustier, was then erected over the wall separating the northern and southern Pools of Bethesda, among the ruins of the Byzantine church.
1862, Philipp Wolff.
The current Church of St Anne was built sometime between 1131 and 1138, during the reign of Queen Melisende. It was erected near the remains of the Byzantine basilica, over the site of a grotto believed by the Crusaders to be the childhood home of the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus. It is dedicated to Anne and Joachim, the parents of Saint Mary, who according to tradition lived here.[4]
Unlike many other Crusader churches, St. Anne's was not destroyed after the 1187 conquest of Jerusalem by Saladin (Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn). In 1192, Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn converted the building into a madrasa (Islamic educational institution),[3] known as al-Madrasa as-Salahiyya (of Saladin), as is still written in the Arabic inscription above the entrance. In the 15th century it was considered as the most prestigious college in the city, counting among its more prominent students the Islamic jurist and city historian, Mujir al-Din (1456–1522).
During MuslimOttoman rule in Palestine, Christian pilgrims were only permitted inside the grotto after paying a fee. Eventually the madrasa was abandoned and the former church building fell into disrepair. In 1856, in gratitude for French support during the Crimean War, the Ottoman sultanAbdülmecid I presented it to Napoleon III.[5]
In 1862, the French government dispatched the architect Christophe-Edouard Mauss to Jerusalem for this purpose.[6] In 1873, while working on the renovations, Mauss discovered the vestiges of the Bethesda Pool next to the church.[6]
Since 1878, it has been administered by the Missionaries of Africa, a Catholic order, commonly called the "White Fathers" for the colour of their robes.[3] Between 1882 and 1946 the site has housed a seminary for the training of Greek-Catholic priests.
Central apse with main altar
Design and constructionEdit
Built between 1131 and 1138 to replace a previous Byzantine church, and shortly thereafter enlarged by several meters, the church is an excellent example of Romanesque architecture.[2] The three-aisled basilica incorporates cross-vaulted ceilings and pillars, clear clean lines and a somewhat unadorned interior. The nave is separated from the lower lateral aisles by arcades of arches. The high altar, designed by the French sculptor Philippe Kaeppelin incorporates many different scenes. On the front of the altar are depicted the Nativity (left), the Descent from the Cross (center) and the Annunciation (right); on the left-hand end is the teaching of Mary by her mother, on the right-hand end her presentation in the Temple.[7] In the south aisle is a flight of steps leading down to the crypt, in a grotto believed by the Crusaders to be Mary's birthplace. An altar dedicated to Mary is located there. The Byzantine basilica was partly stretched over two water basins, collectively known as the Pools of Bethesda, and built upon a series of piers, one of which still stands today in its entirety.
In 1862, the French architect Christophe-Edouard Mauss was dispatched by his government to Jerusalem with the special assignment of restoring the time-damaged church.[6]
AcousticsEdit
The church's acoustics are particularly suited to Gregorian chant, which makes it a pilgrimage site for soloists and choirs.[8]
PropertyEdit
The church is listed as one of four French government properties in the Holy Land as part of the "Domaine national français". In line with international law, which treats East Jerusalem as occupied territory, France does not recognize Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem, where the Church of Saint Anne is located. In 1996, during Jacques Chirac's visit to Jerusalem, the French president refused to enter the church until Israeli soldiers who accompanied him left. Similarly in January 2020, French President Emmanuel Macron was involved in an altercation with Israeli security officers at the church.[9]
^Mochon, Jean-Philippe (1996). "Le Consul Général de France à Jérusalem ; aspects historiques, juridiques et politiques de ses fonctions". Annuaire Français de Droit International. 42 (1): 935. doi:10.3406/afdi.1996.3421.
^ abcBuholzer, Joe; Macleod, Donald. "The White Fathers' Community at St. Anne's, Jerusalem". The Missionaries of Africa. from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
^Yudin, Joe (17 November 2011). "Off the Beaten Track: The Church of St. Anne". The Jerusalem Post. Jpost Inc. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
^Hillis, Joshua. "The French in Jerusalem". Parallel Histories. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
^ abcObituary of M. Christophe Edouard Mauss at wikisource.org (accessed 8 Nov. 2020)
^Rogoff, Mike (12 August 2013). "Tourist Tip #310 / The Church of St. Anne". Haaretz. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
^Andrew Carey; Saskya Vandoorne. "Emmanuel Macron shouts at Israeli security officers in altercation in Jerusalem". CNN. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
BibliographyEdit
Clermont-Ganneau, C.S. (1899). [ARP] Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873-1874, translated from the French by J. McFarlane. Vol. 1. London: Palestine Exploration Fund. (pp. 116 - 126)
Moudjir ed-dyn (1876). Sauvaire (ed.). Histoire de Jérusalem et d'Hébron depuis Abraham jusqu'à la fin du XVe siècle de J.-C. : fragments de la Chronique de Moudjir-ed-dyn. (pp. 77, 82, 154-5)
Pococke, R. (1745). A description of the East, and some other countries. Vol. 2. London: Printed for the author, by W. Bowyer. (p. 14)
church, saint, anne, jerusalem, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, js. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Church of Saint Anne Jerusalem news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Church of Saint Anne French Eglise Sainte Anne Latin Ecclesia S Anna Arabic كنيسة القديسة حنة Hebrew כנסיית סנטה אנה is a French Roman Catholic church and part of the Domaine national francais 1 located in the Muslim Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem near the start of the Via Dolorosa next to the Lions Gate Church of Saint AnneFrench Eglise Sainte AnneLatin Ecclesia S AnnaArabic كنيسة القديسة حنة Hebrew כנסיית סנטה אנהExterior viewReligionAffiliationRoman CatholicLeadershipWhite FathersLocationLocationOld City of JerusalemArchitectureTypeRomanesqueCompleted1138 Contents 1 History of the site 2 Design and construction 3 Acoustics 4 Property 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksHistory of the site EditDuring the Roman period a pagan shrine for the cult of the god of healing a syncretic mix between the Egyptian god Serapis and the Greek god Asclepius stood on the grounds next to the two Pools of Bethesda 2 A Byzantine basilica was built over the remains of the shrine in the 5th century Partially destroyed by the Persians in 614 it was subsequently restored 3 Baldwin I the first titled Crusader king of Jerusalem banished his wife Arda to the old Benedictine convent which still existed here in 1104 2 A small Crusader church the so called Moustier was then erected over the wall separating the northern and southern Pools of Bethesda among the ruins of the Byzantine church nbsp 1862 Philipp Wolff The current Church of St Anne was built sometime between 1131 and 1138 during the reign of Queen Melisende It was erected near the remains of the Byzantine basilica over the site of a grotto believed by the Crusaders to be the childhood home of the Virgin Mary mother of Jesus It is dedicated to Anne and Joachim the parents of Saint Mary who according to tradition lived here 4 Unlike many other Crusader churches St Anne s was not destroyed after the 1187 conquest of Jerusalem by Saladin Ṣalaḥ ad Din In 1192 Ṣalaḥ ad Din converted the building into a madrasa Islamic educational institution 3 known as al Madrasa as Salahiyya of Saladin as is still written in the Arabic inscription above the entrance In the 15th century it was considered as the most prestigious college in the city counting among its more prominent students the Islamic jurist and city historian Mujir al Din 1456 1522 During Muslim Ottoman rule in Palestine Christian pilgrims were only permitted inside the grotto after paying a fee Eventually the madrasa was abandoned and the former church building fell into disrepair In 1856 in gratitude for French support during the Crimean War the Ottoman sultan Abdulmecid I presented it to Napoleon III 5 In 1862 the French government dispatched the architect Christophe Edouard Mauss to Jerusalem for this purpose 6 In 1873 while working on the renovations Mauss discovered the vestiges of the Bethesda Pool next to the church 6 Since 1878 it has been administered by the Missionaries of Africa a Catholic order commonly called the White Fathers for the colour of their robes 3 Between 1882 and 1946 the site has housed a seminary for the training of Greek Catholic priests nbsp Central apse with main altarDesign and construction EditBuilt between 1131 and 1138 to replace a previous Byzantine church and shortly thereafter enlarged by several meters the church is an excellent example of Romanesque architecture 2 The three aisled basilica incorporates cross vaulted ceilings and pillars clear clean lines and a somewhat unadorned interior The nave is separated from the lower lateral aisles by arcades of arches The high altar designed by the French sculptor Philippe Kaeppelin incorporates many different scenes On the front of the altar are depicted the Nativity left the Descent from the Cross center and the Annunciation right on the left hand end is the teaching of Mary by her mother on the right hand end her presentation in the Temple 7 In the south aisle is a flight of steps leading down to the crypt in a grotto believed by the Crusaders to be Mary s birthplace An altar dedicated to Mary is located there The Byzantine basilica was partly stretched over two water basins collectively known as the Pools of Bethesda and built upon a series of piers one of which still stands today in its entirety In 1862 the French architect Christophe Edouard Mauss was dispatched by his government to Jerusalem with the special assignment of restoring the time damaged church 6 Acoustics EditThe church s acoustics are particularly suited to Gregorian chant which makes it a pilgrimage site for soloists and choirs 8 Property EditThe church is listed as one of four French government properties in the Holy Land as part of the Domaine national francais In line with international law which treats East Jerusalem as occupied territory France does not recognize Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem where the Church of Saint Anne is located In 1996 during Jacques Chirac s visit to Jerusalem the French president refused to enter the church until Israeli soldiers who accompanied him left Similarly in January 2020 French President Emmanuel Macron was involved in an altercation with Israeli security officers at the church 9 See also EditHistory of medieval Arabic and Western European domesReferences Edit Mochon Jean Philippe 1996 Le Consul General de France a Jerusalem aspects historiques juridiques et politiques de ses fonctions Annuaire Francais de Droit International 42 1 935 doi 10 3406 afdi 1996 3421 a b c Murphy O Connor Jerome 28 February 2008 The Holy Land An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700 OUP Oxford pp 29 31 ISBN 9780191528675 a b c Buholzer Joe Macleod Donald The White Fathers Community at St Anne s Jerusalem The Missionaries of Africa Archived from the original on 4 October 2017 Retrieved 30 April 2018 Yudin Joe 17 November 2011 Off the Beaten Track The Church of St Anne The Jerusalem Post Jpost Inc Retrieved 30 April 2018 Hillis Joshua The French in Jerusalem Parallel Histories Retrieved 2022 07 13 a b c Obituary of M Christophe Edouard Mauss at wikisource org accessed 8 Nov 2020 Rogoff Mike 12 August 2013 Tourist Tip 310 The Church of St Anne Haaretz Retrieved 29 April 2018 Church of St Anne Faith ND University of Notre Dame Retrieved 29 April 2018 Andrew Carey Saskya Vandoorne Emmanuel Macron shouts at Israeli security officers in altercation in Jerusalem CNN Retrieved 2020 01 23 Bibliography EditClermont Ganneau C S 1899 ARP Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873 1874 translated from the French by J McFarlane Vol 1 London Palestine Exploration Fund pp 116 126 Fabri F 1896 Felix Fabri circa 1480 1483 A D vol I part II Palestine Pilgrims Text Society pp 455 483 Moudjir ed dyn 1876 Sauvaire ed Histoire de Jerusalem et d Hebron depuis Abraham jusqu a la fin du XVe siecle de J C fragments de la Chronique de Moudjir ed dyn pp 77 82 154 5 Pococke R 1745 A description of the East and some other countries Vol 2 London Printed for the author by W Bowyer p 14 Poloner John 1894 John Poloner s description of the Holy Land ca A D 1421 Palestine Pilgrims Text Society p 6 Pringle D 2007 The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem The city of Jerusalem Vol III Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 39038 5 pp 142 156 Vogue de M 1860 Les eglises de la Terre Sainte p 233 245 pl XIV XXV Warren C Conder C R 1884 The Survey of Western Palestine Jerusalem London Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund pp 40 83 428 External links EditMadrasa al Salahiyya Photos of the Church of Saint Anne at the Manar al Athar photo archive31 46 52 89 N 35 14 11 93 E 31 7813583 N 35 2366472 E 31 7813583 35 2366472 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Church of Saint Anne Jerusalem amp oldid 1180684670, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
