A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds or (depending on one's definition) manual gestures, as opposed to a written language. An oral language or vocal language is a language produced with the vocal tract in contrast with a sign language, which is produced with the body and hands.
The term "spoken language" is sometimes used to mean only oral languages, especially by linguists, excluding sign languages and making the terms 'spoken', 'oral', 'vocal language' synonymous. Others refer to sign language as "spoken", especially in contrast to written transcriptions of signs.[1][2][3]
Contextedit
In spoken language, much of a speaker's meaning is determined by the context. That contrasts with written language in which more of the meaning is provided directly by the text. In spoken language, the truth of a proposition is determined by common-sense reference to experience, but in written language, a greater emphasis is placed on logical and coherent argument. Similarly, the spoken language tends to convey subjective information, including the relationship between the speaker and the audience. (Conversation) in formal or informal settings is an example.) Written language, on the other hand, is the common mode used to convey objective information.[4]
Both vocal and sign languages are composed of words. In vocal languages, words are made up from a limited set of vowels and consonants, and often tone. In sign languages, words are made up from a limited set of shapes, orientations, locations movements of the hands, and often facial expressions; in both cases, the building blocks are called phonemes. In both vocal and sign languages, words are grammatically and prosodically linked into phrases, clauses, and larger units of discourse.
Relation between spoken and written languageedit
The relationship between spoken language and written language is complex. Within the fields of linguistics, the current consensus is that speech is an innate human capability, and written language is a cultural invention.[5] However, some linguists, such as those of the Prague school, argue that written and spoken language possess distinct qualities which would argue against written language being dependent on spoken language for its existence.[6]
Acquiring spoken languageedit
Hearing children acquire as their first language the language that is used around them, whether vocal, cued (if they are sighted), or signed. Deaf children can do the same with Cued Speech or sign language if either visual communication system is used around them. Vocal language are traditionally taught to them in the same way that written language must be taught to hearing children. (See oralism.)[7][8] Teachers give particular emphasis on spoken language with children who speak a different primary language outside of the school. For the child it is considered important, socially and educationally, to have the opportunity to understand multiple languages.[9]
^Groce, Nora Ellen (1985). Everyone Here Spoke Sign Language: Hereditary Deafness on Martha's Vineyard. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN9780674270411.
^Hoemann, Harry W. (1986). Introduction to American sign language. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green Press. ISBN0961462108.
^Brooks, Patricia; Kempe, Vera (2012). Language Development. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley. ISBN9781444331462.
^Tannen, Deborah (1982). Spoken and written language: exploring orality and literacy. Norwood, N.J.: ABLEX Pub. Corp.
^Pinker, Steven; Bloom, Paul (December 1990). "Natural Language and Natural Selection". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 13 (4): 707–727. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00081061. S2CID 6167614.
^Aaron, P. G.; Joshi, R. Malatesha (September 2006). "Written Language Is as Natural as Spoken language: A Biolinguistic Perspective". Reading Psychology. 27 (4): 263–311. doi:10.1080/02702710600846803. S2CID 143184400.
^Rickerson, E.M. . The Five Minute Linguist. College of Charleston. Archived from the original on December 19, 2010. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
^"Languages Facts". from the original on October 24, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
^Clay, Marie M. (30 April 2015). Record of oral language: observing changes in the acquisition of language structures: a guide for teaching. Auckland, New Zealand: Global Education Systems. ISBN978-0-325-07457-3. OCLC 989724897.
January 19, 2024
spoken, language, spoken, language, language, produced, articulate, sounds, depending, definition, manual, gestures, opposed, written, language, oral, language, vocal, language, language, produced, with, vocal, tract, contrast, with, sign, language, which, pro. A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds or depending on one s definition manual gestures as opposed to a written language An oral language or vocal language is a language produced with the vocal tract in contrast with a sign language which is produced with the body and hands Contents 1 Definition 2 Context 3 Relation between spoken and written language 4 Acquiring spoken language 5 See also 6 ReferencesDefinition editThe term spoken language is sometimes used to mean only oral languages especially by linguists excluding sign languages and making the terms spoken oral vocal language synonymous Others refer to sign language as spoken especially in contrast to written transcriptions of signs 1 2 3 Context editIn spoken language much of a speaker s meaning is determined by the context That contrasts with written language in which more of the meaning is provided directly by the text In spoken language the truth of a proposition is determined by common sense reference to experience but in written language a greater emphasis is placed on logical and coherent argument Similarly the spoken language tends to convey subjective information including the relationship between the speaker and the audience Conversation in formal or informal settings is an example Written language on the other hand is the common mode used to convey objective information 4 Both vocal and sign languages are composed of words In vocal languages words are made up from a limited set of vowels and consonants and often tone In sign languages words are made up from a limited set of shapes orientations locations movements of the hands and often facial expressions in both cases the building blocks are called phonemes In both vocal and sign languages words are grammatically and prosodically linked into phrases clauses and larger units of discourse Relation between spoken and written language editThe relationship between spoken language and written language is complex Within the fields of linguistics the current consensus is that speech is an innate human capability and written language is a cultural invention 5 However some linguists such as those of the Prague school argue that written and spoken language possess distinct qualities which would argue against written language being dependent on spoken language for its existence 6 Acquiring spoken language editHearing children acquire as their first language the language that is used around them whether vocal cued if they are sighted or signed Deaf children can do the same with Cued Speech or sign language if either visual communication system is used around them Vocal language are traditionally taught to them in the same way that written language must be taught to hearing children See oralism 7 8 Teachers give particular emphasis on spoken language with children who speak a different primary language outside of the school For the child it is considered important socially and educationally to have the opportunity to understand multiple languages 9 See also editBody language Conversation Sociolinguistics Language acquisition List of language disorders Origin of speech Whistled language Phonocentrism Vernacular Teaching English as a second or foreign languageReferences edit Groce Nora Ellen 1985 Everyone Here Spoke Sign Language Hereditary Deafness on Martha s Vineyard Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press ISBN 9780674270411 Hoemann Harry W 1986 Introduction to American sign language Bowling Green Ohio Bowling Green Press ISBN 0961462108 Brooks Patricia Kempe Vera 2012 Language Development Chichester West Sussex Wiley ISBN 9781444331462 Tannen Deborah 1982 Spoken and written language exploring orality and literacy Norwood N J ABLEX Pub Corp Pinker Steven Bloom Paul December 1990 Natural Language and Natural Selection Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13 4 707 727 doi 10 1017 S0140525X00081061 S2CID 6167614 Aaron P G Joshi R Malatesha September 2006 Written Language Is as Natural as Spoken language A Biolinguistic Perspective Reading Psychology 27 4 263 311 doi 10 1080 02702710600846803 S2CID 143184400 Rickerson E M What s the difference between dialect and language The Five Minute Linguist College of Charleston Archived from the original on December 19 2010 Retrieved October 23 2016 Languages Facts Archived from the original on October 24 2016 Retrieved October 23 2016 Clay Marie M 30 April 2015 Record of oral language observing changes in the acquisition of language structures a guide for teaching Auckland New Zealand Global Education Systems ISBN 978 0 325 07457 3 OCLC 989724897 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spoken language amp oldid 1185807780, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
