Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic and antiparasitic. It is used to treat toxoplasmosis and various other infections of soft tissues. Although used in Europe, Canada and Mexico,[1] spiramycin is still considered an experimental drug in the United States, but can sometimes be obtained by special permission from the FDA for toxoplasmosis in the first trimester of pregnancy.[2] Another treatment option (typically used after 16w gestation) are a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine (given with leucovorin).[2]
Spiramycin has been used in Europe since the year 2000 under the trade name "Rovamycine", produced by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Sanofi and Famar Lyon, France and Eczacıbaşı İlaç, Turkey. It also goes under the name Rovamycine in Canada (distributed by OdanLaboratories), where it is mostly marketed to dentists for mouth infections.[citation needed]
Spiramycin is a 16-membered ring macrolide. It was isolated in 1954 as a product of Streptomyces ambofaciens by PINNERT-SINDICO.[3][4] As a preparation for oral administration it has been used since 1955, in 1987 also the parenteral form was introduced into practice. The antibiotic action involves inhibition of protein synthesis in the bacterial cell during translocation. Resistance to spiramycin can develop by several mechanisms and its prevalence is to a considerable extent proportional to the frequency of prescription in a given area. The antibacterial spectrum comprises Gram-positive cocci and rods, Gram-negative cocci and also Legionellae, mycoplasmas, chlamydiae, some types of spirochetes, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium species. Enterobacteria, pseudomonads and pathogenic moulds are resistant. Its action is mainly bacteriostatic, on highly sensitive strains it exerts a bactericide action. As compared with erythromycin, it is in vitro weight for weight 5 to 20 less effective, an equipotential therapeutic dose is, however, only double. This difference between the effectiveness in vitro and in vivo is explained above all by the great affinity of spiramycin to tissues where it achieves concentrations many times higher than serum levels. An important part is played also by the slow release of the antibiotic from the tissue compartment, the marked action on microbes in sub-inhibition concentrations and the relatively long persisting post-antibiotic effect. Its great advantage is the exceptionally favourable tolerance-gastrointestinal and general. It is available for parenteral and oral administration[citation needed]
^Parker CT, Mannor K, Garrity GM, eds. (18 August 2022). Streptomyces ambofaciens Pinnert-Sindico 1954 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Nouioui et al. 2018. Name Abstract (Report). NamesforLife, LLC. doi:10.1601/nm.6849.
December 15, 2023
spiramycin, macrolide, antibiotic, antiparasitic, used, treat, toxoplasmosis, various, other, infections, soft, tissues, although, used, europe, canada, mexico, spiramycin, still, considered, experimental, drug, united, states, sometimes, obtained, special, pe. Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic and antiparasitic It is used to treat toxoplasmosis and various other infections of soft tissues Although used in Europe Canada and Mexico 1 spiramycin is still considered an experimental drug in the United States but can sometimes be obtained by special permission from the FDA for toxoplasmosis in the first trimester of pregnancy 2 Another treatment option typically used after 16w gestation are a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine given with leucovorin 2 SpiramycinClinical dataOther names2 4R 5S 6S 7R 9R 10R 11E 13E 16R 6 2S 3R 4R 5S 6R 5 2S 5S 6S 4 5 dihydroxy 4 6 dimethyloxan 2 yl oxy 4 dimethylamino 3 hydroxy 6 methyloxan 2 yl oxy 10 2R 5S 6R 5 dimethylamino 6 methyloxan 2 yl oxy 4 hydroxy 5 methoxy 9 16 dimethyl 2 oxo 1 oxacyclohexadeca 11 13 dien 7 yl acetaldehydeRoutes ofadministrationoralATC codeJ01FA02 WHO QJ51FA02 WHO Legal statusLegal statusIn general Prescription only IdentifiersIUPAC name 4R 5S 6R 7R 9R 10R 11E 13E 16R 10 2R 5S 6R 5 dimethylamino 6 methyltetrahydro 2H pyran 2 yl oxy 9 16 dimethyl 5 methoxy 2 oxo 7 2 oxoethyl oxacyclohexadeca 11 13 dien 6 yl 3 6 dideoxy 4 O 2 6 dideoxy 3 C methyl a L ribo hexopyranosyl 3 dimethylamino a D glucopyranosideCAS Number8025 81 8 YPubChem CID5356392ChemSpider4512090 YUNII71ODY0V87HKEGGD05908 YChEBICHEBI 85260 NChEMBLChEMBL1256397 NNIAID ChemDB007350E numberE710 antibiotics CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID6045402ECHA InfoCard100 029 476Chemical and physical dataFormulaC 43H 74N 2O 14Molar mass843 065 g mol 13D model JSmol Interactive imageMelting point134 to 137 C 273 to 279 F Solubility in waterInsoluble in water Very soluble in acetonitrile and methanol Almost completely gt 99 5 in ethanol mg mL 20 C SMILES O CCC4C OC2OC C OC1OC C C O C O C C1 C N C C C2O C C OC C O CC O OC C C C C C C C OC3OC C C N C C CC3 C C C4InChI InChI 1S C43H74N2O14 c1 24 21 29 19 20 46 39 59 42 37 49 36 45 9 10 38 27 4 56 42 58 35 23 43 6 51 41 50 28 5 55 35 40 52 11 31 47 22 33 48 53 25 2 15 13 12 14 16 32 24 57 34 18 17 30 44 7 8 26 3 54 34 h12 14 16 20 24 32 34 42 47 49 51H 15 17 19 21 23H2 1 11H3 b13 12 16 14 YKey ACTOXUHEUCPTEW OBURPCBNSA N Y N Y what is this verify Spiramycin has been used in Europe since the year 2000 under the trade name Rovamycine produced by Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sanofi and Famar Lyon France and Eczacibasi Ilac Turkey It also goes under the name Rovamycine in Canada distributed by OdanLaboratories where it is mostly marketed to dentists for mouth infections citation needed Spiramycin is a 16 membered ring macrolide It was isolated in 1954 as a product of Streptomyces ambofaciens by PINNERT SINDICO 3 4 As a preparation for oral administration it has been used since 1955 in 1987 also the parenteral form was introduced into practice The antibiotic action involves inhibition of protein synthesis in the bacterial cell during translocation Resistance to spiramycin can develop by several mechanisms and its prevalence is to a considerable extent proportional to the frequency of prescription in a given area The antibacterial spectrum comprises Gram positive cocci and rods Gram negative cocci and also Legionellae mycoplasmas chlamydiae some types of spirochetes Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium species Enterobacteria pseudomonads and pathogenic moulds are resistant Its action is mainly bacteriostatic on highly sensitive strains it exerts a bactericide action As compared with erythromycin it is in vitro weight for weight 5 to 20 less effective an equipotential therapeutic dose is however only double This difference between the effectiveness in vitro and in vivo is explained above all by the great affinity of spiramycin to tissues where it achieves concentrations many times higher than serum levels An important part is played also by the slow release of the antibiotic from the tissue compartment the marked action on microbes in sub inhibition concentrations and the relatively long persisting post antibiotic effect Its great advantage is the exceptionally favourable tolerance gastrointestinal and general It is available for parenteral and oral administration citation needed References edit Spiramycin advanced consumer information Drugs com a b Toxoplasmosis MayoClinic com Spiramycin www toku e com Retrieved 2019 02 28 Parker CT Mannor K Garrity GM eds 18 August 2022 Streptomyces ambofaciens Pinnert Sindico 1954 Approved Lists 1980 emend Nouioui et al 2018 Name Abstract Report NamesforLife LLC doi 10 1601 nm 6849 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spiramycin amp oldid 1177764261, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
