Sparidentex
Sparidentex is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean.
| Sparidentex | |
|---|---|
| Sparidentex hasta | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Spariformes |
| Family: | Sparidae |
| Genus: | Sparidentex Munro, 1948 |
| Type species | |
| Dentex hasta Valenciennes, 1830[1] | |
Taxonomy edit
Sparidentex was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1948 by the Australian marine biologist and ichthyologist Ian Stafford Ross Munro with Debtex hasta designated as the type species.[1] Chrysophrys cuvieri was a name proposed by Francis Day in 1875 to replace Dentex hasta as the specific name hasta was secondarily preoccupied by Sparus hasta Bloch & Schneider, 1801 but C. cuvieri was an unnecessary new name as Bloch and Schnieders name was a junior synonym of Acanthopagrus berda.[2] Valenciennes gave the type locality of D. hasta as Malabar in southwestern India.[3] The genus Sparidentex is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.[4] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae,[5] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.[4]
Etymology edit
Sparidentex appears to be a portmanteau of the type genus of Sparidae, Sparus, and Dentex, the original genus of Sp. hasta. Munro did not explain the name.[6]
Species edit
Sparidentex contains 3 species recognised as valid:[7]
- Sparidentex belayewi Hora & Misra, 1943 [8]
- Sparidentex hasta Valenciennes, 1830 (Sobaity seabream)
- Sparidentex jamalensis S. A. Amir, Siddiqui & Masroor, 2014 (Fanged seabream) [8]
Sparidentex hasta is a very variable species and some authorities state that the genus needs a taxonomic review.[9]
Characteristics edit
Sparidentex seabreams are characterised by having an elongate body. They have a large mouth with the rear end of the maxilla being exposed and reaching a level of the centre of the eye. There are 6 large, canine-like at the front of both jaws, with an outer row of smaller canine-like teeth on the sides of the jaws, rows of brush like teeth and a row of very small molar-like teeth immediately inside the outer row, there are no large molars. The eyes are of intermediate size and have a diameter less than the length of the snout. The scales are cteniod and are of maderate size withthose on the head do not reach as far forward asthe centreline of the eyes. There are also no scales on the flange of the preoperculum. The soft-rayed parts of the dorsal and anal fins have scaly sheaths at their base.They are silvery fishes, darker and greyer above and paler below.[9] The largest species of Sparidentex is S. hastawith a maximum published total length of 83 cm (33 in) while the other species are smaller with S. belaweyi having a maximum published standard length of 19.3 cm (7.6 in) and S. jamalensis havingh a maximum published standard length of 22.4 cm (8.8 in).[7]
Distribution edit
Sparidentex seabreams are found in the northern Indian Ocean from the Persian Gulf to the Bay of Bengal.[9] There is a single record of S. hasta from the Swan River, near Perth, Western Australia, is thought to have been accidentally introduced there in ballast water from a ship.[10]
Fisheries edit
Sparidentex contains one species, S. hasta, which is highly valued as food fish in the Persian Gulf, used for celebratory meals, where it is caught by artisanal fishers using bottom trawls and line fishing.[11] It is also a common species used in aquaculture in the Persian Gulf.[9]
References edit
- ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sparidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ Ian Stafford Ross Munro (1948). "Sparidentex hasta (Valenciennes), a New Name for Chrysophrys cuvieri Day". Copeia. 1948 (4): 275–280. doi:10.2307/1438716.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Sparidentex". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ a b Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (12 January 2024). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 6): Families GERREIDAE, LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2023). Species of Sparidentex in FishBase. October 2023 version.
- ^ a b Amir, S.A.; Siddiqui, P.J.A. & Masroor, R. (2014). "A New Sparid Fish of Genus Sparidentex (Perciformes: Sparidae) From Coastal Waters of Pakistan (North Western Indian Ocean)" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 46 (2): 471–477.
- ^ a b c d Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315. ISBN 978-1-990951-32-9.
- ^ Dianne J. Bray. "Sparidentex hasta". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ Buxton, C.D.; Pollard, D.; Russell, B.; et al. (2014). "Sparidentex hasta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T170174A1287447. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170174A1287447.en. Retrieved 19 February 2024.