fbpx
Wikipedia

Spanish comics

January 01, 1970

Spanish comics are the comics of Spain. Comics in Spain are usually called historietas or cómics, with tebeos primarily denoting the magazines containing the medium. Tebeo is a phonetic adaptation of TBO, a long-running (1917–1983) Spanish comic magazine, and sounds like "te veo" ("I see you").

Two publishing houses — Editorial Bruguera and Editorial Valenciana — dominated the Spanish comics market for most of its history.

Spanish artists have traditionally worked in other markets reaching great success, either in the American (e.g., Eisner Award winners Sergio Aragonés, Salvador Larroca, Gabriel Hernández Walta, Marcos Martín or David Aja), the British (e.g., Carlos Ezquerra, co-creator of Judge Dredd) or the Franco-Belgian one (e.g., first Fauve d'Or winner Julio Ribera or Blacksad authors Juan Díaz Canales and Juanjo Guarnido).

The Spanish market is also known for its many studios, which for a long time have had material produced mainly for other European countries.

History edit

Origins edit

 
First issue of Dominguín (1915)

It has been stated that the 13th century Cantigas de Santa María could be considered as the first Spanish "comic", although comics made their official debut around 1857 at the Spanish colonies.[1] Among the first comic magazines in peninsular Spain were the satirical La Flaca (1869-1876) or El Mundo Cómico (1873). After them, TBO was specially influential in popularizing the medium.[2] One of the magazine's recurring features was Los grandes inventos del TBO ("the great inventions of TBO") which depicted humorous Rube Goldberg-like machines.

Other important early humorous comic magazines were Pulgarcito (1921–1986) and Lily (the latter for girls).

Golden age despite censorship (1940–1975) edit

After the Spanish Civil War the Franco regime imposed strict censorship in all media, and comics were no exception. As part of this ban, superhero comics were forbidden by the Francoist regime; as a result, comic heroes were based on historical fiction (influenced by Foster's Prince Valiant). In 1944 the medieval hero El Guerrero del Antifaz ("the masked warrior") was created by Manuel Gago and published by Editorial Valenciana. Another popular medieval hero, Capitán Trueno, was created in 1956 by Víctor Mora and Miguel Ambrosio Zaragoza.

Despite Franco's controls, the 1940s and 1950s are considered a golden age of Spanish comics, and many titles were at the height of their popularity.[3] During this period, Editorial Bruguera created a recognizable style of humor comics with a mixture of comedy of manners and slapstick (influenced by Franco-Belgian authors such as Franquin) starring chronic losers. Among the popular characters of this era were Cifré's El repórter Tribulete, Escobar's Carpanta and Zipi y Zape, and Vázquez's Las hermanas Gilda. Editorial Bruguera also published adventure comics such as Capitán Trueno and Silver Roy. In 1958 Ibáñez's Mortadelo y Filemón was first published, a series that soon became the most popular comic media in Spain, together with some of his other creations (e.g., 13. Rue del Percebe).

Editorial Valenciana published adventures comics such as Roberto Alcázar y Pedrín (debuting in 1940), Miguel Quesada's La Pandilla de los Siete and El Guerrero del Antifaz. Editorial Valenciana's humor series were not as slapstick, with more absurd and harmless comedy; they featured synthetic drawing and, in academic terms, were more finished, with an "abundance of backgrounds, change of perspective, depth of field" and some statism.[clarification needed][4]

In the 1960s Spanish comics had to adapt to changing times and more restrictive censorship. Editorial Bruguera was the leader of juvenile comics during those years, with authors such as Fresnos, Jan, Joan March, Nicolás, Jaume Ribera, and Jaume Rovira. In 1969 the magazine Gran Pulgarcito serialized the first long strip (44 pages) of Mortadelo y Filemón.

The adult market produced horror comics such as Dossier Negro (1968), Vampus (1971) or Rufus (1973), or satirical comics such as El Papus (1973). Humor comics of the 1970s became more absurdist, with characters such as Sir Tim O'Theo (1970) or Superlópez (1975). One of the authors who adapted well to this more surreal style was Vázquez with his strip Anacleto, agente secreto.

Post-Franco era (1975–1980s) edit

After the death of Franco in 1975, there was an increased interest in adult comics, with magazines such as Totem, El Jueves, 1984, and El Víbora, and works such as Paracuellos by Carlos Giménez. However, successful humor comics continued to appear at children-oriented media, such as Goomer (1988). In 1989 the annual comic book convention of Barcelona was inaugurated.

Hard times (1990s–2000s) edit

Market saturation became evident in 1983 with the closure of the magazines of Ediciones Metropol. Things during this era were complicated by a crisis that increased the price of paper,[5] as well as the rise of video games.

Editorial Bruguera filed for bankruptcy on 7 June 1982. In 1986 it was acquired by Grupo Z and transformed into Ediciones B. In the 1990s most adult comic magazines (Cairo, Zona 84, Cimoc) ceased publishing. El Víbora closed in 2005. The most notable survivor of that era was El Jueves.

Mortadelo and all Ediciones B comic magazines disappeared in 1996. Mortadelo y Filemón and Superlópez were still published directly in album format until 2022 and 2023 respectively.

Present edit

Among the notable Spanish webcomics are ¡Eh, tío!, El joven Lovecraft, El Listo[6] and ¡Universo!.

Since 2007, a National Comic Award which revitalized the medium was established by the Spanish Ministry of Culture.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Cómic" (JPG). www.tebeosfera.com (in Spanish). from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  2. ^ Martín (01/1968), pp. 9 a 10.
  3. ^ Porcel (2002), 69-70.
  4. ^ Porcel (2002), 308-311.
  5. ^ Beá, Josep María in an interview in "Entrecomics" at 10/06/08 located here.
  6. ^ Ovelar, María (17 September 2009). "La tira cómica se rejuvenece en Internet". El País (in Spanish). Prisa. Retrieved 29 March 2020.

Bibliography edit

  • Alary, Viviane (ed) (2002). Historietas, comics y tebeos españoles. Presses Universitaires du Mirail: Hespérides Espagne, Université de Toulouse, Le Mirail.
  • Antologia del Còmic Espanyol 1915/1965 (1995). Societat Andorrana de Ciències, Andorra la Vella.
  • Altarriba, Antonio (2001). La España del Tebeo: La historieta española de 1940 a 2000. Espasa Calpe, Madrid.
  • Altarriba, Antonio y Remesar, Antoni (1987). Comicsarias: Ensayo sobre una década de historieta española (1977-1987), Promociones y Publicaciones Universitarias.
  • Cuadrado, Jesús (2000). De la historieta y su uso: 1873-2000.
  • Dopico, Pablo (2005). El cómic underground español, 1970-1980. Ediciones Cátedra, Madrid.
  • Guiral, Antoni (2004). Cuando los cómics se llamaban tebeos. La escuela Bruguera (1945-1963), Ediciones El Jueves.
  • Lladó Pol, Francesca (2001). Los Comics de la Transición, Ediciones Glénat.
  • Martín Martínez, Antonio (1978). Historia del Cómic español 1875-1939. Editorial Gustavo Gili, Barcelona.
  • Martín Martínez, Antonio (02/1968). «Apuntes para una historia de los tebeos III. Tiempos heroicos del tebeo español (1936-1946)», Revista de Educación (Madrid), n.º 196.
  • Martín, Antonio (2000). Los inventores del cómic español. 1873-1900. Editorial Planeta DeAgostini, Barcelona.
  • Martínez Peñaranda, Enrique (2004). Vázquez (El dibujante y su leyenda). Ediciones Sinsentido, Madrid. Colección Sin Palabras, Serie A nº 4. ISBN 84-95634-49-X. Depósito legal: M-39015-2004.
  • Merino, Ana (2003) El cómic hispánico. Cátedra, Madrid.
  • Moix, Terenci (2007). Historia social del cómic. Ediciones B, Barcelona. ISBN 978-84-02-42030-5 Depósito legal: B-2551-2007.
  • Porcel, Pedro (2002). Clásicos en Jauja. La historia del tebeo valenciano. Edicions de Ponent.
  • Ramírez, Juan Antonio (1975). El "comic" femenino en España. Arte sub y anulación. Editorial Cuadernos para el Diálogo, Madrid. Colección Divulgación universitaria, Arte y literatura, número 78. Depósito Legal: M. 8.752 - 1975 ISBN 84-229-0177-3.
  • Ramírez, Juan Antonio (1975). La historieta cómica de postguerra. Editorial Cuadernos para el diálogo, Madrid. Colección Memoria y comunicación.
  • Roca, Paco (2010), El invierno del dibujante. Astiberri Ediciones, Bilbao.
  • Vázquez de Parga, Salvador (1980). Los comics del franquismo. Editorial Planeta, Barcelona.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Comics of Spain.
  • Guía del Cómic, infobox and news by José A. Serrano; (in Spanish)
  • Tebeosfera, digital magazine by Manuel Barrero; (in Spanish)
  • , magazine about the golden age of Spanish comic books (in Spanish)
  • Comiclopedia (in English, French, and Dutch)

January 01, 1970
spanish, comics, comics, spain, comics, spain, usually, called, historietas, cómics, with, tebeos, primarily, denoting, magazines, containing, medium, tebeo, phonetic, adaptation, long, running, 1917, 1983, spanish, comic, magazine, sounds, like, earliest, pub. Spanish comics are the comics of Spain Comics in Spain are usually called historietas or comics with tebeos primarily denoting the magazines containing the medium Tebeo is a phonetic adaptation of TBO a long running 1917 1983 Spanish comic magazine and sounds like te veo I see you Spanish comicsEarliest publications1917PublishersEditorial BrugueraEditorial ValencianaEdiciones MetropolNorma EditorialRobot ComicsPublicationsTBOPulgarcitoMort amp PhilEl ViboraCarpantaCreatorsIbanezEscobarVazquezJanMaxSeries Capitan Trueno Superlopez Zipi y Zape Anacleto agente secreto Las hermanas Gilda LanguagesSpanishCatalanRelated articlesArgentine comicsMexican comicsFranco Belgian comics Two publishing houses Editorial Bruguera and Editorial Valenciana dominated the Spanish comics market for most of its history Spanish artists have traditionally worked in other markets reaching great success either in the American e g Eisner Award winners Sergio Aragones Salvador Larroca Gabriel Hernandez Walta Marcos Martin or David Aja the British e g Carlos Ezquerra co creator of Judge Dredd or the Franco Belgian one e g first Fauve d Or winner Julio Ribera or Blacksad authors Juan Diaz Canales and Juanjo Guarnido The Spanish market is also known for its many studios which for a long time have had material produced mainly for other European countries Contents 1 History 1 1 Origins 1 2 Golden age despite censorship 1940 1975 1 3 Post Franco era 1975 1980s 1 4 Hard times 1990s 2000s 1 5 Present 2 See also 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksHistory editOrigins edit nbsp First issue of Dominguin 1915 It has been stated that the 13th century Cantigas de Santa Maria could be considered as the first Spanish comic although comics made their official debut around 1857 at the Spanish colonies 1 Among the first comic magazines in peninsular Spain were the satirical La Flaca 1869 1876 or El Mundo Comico 1873 After them TBO was specially influential in popularizing the medium 2 One of the magazine s recurring features was Los grandes inventos del TBO the great inventions of TBO which depicted humorous Rube Goldberg like machines Other important early humorous comic magazines were Pulgarcito 1921 1986 and Lily the latter for girls Golden age despite censorship 1940 1975 edit After the Spanish Civil War the Franco regime imposed strict censorship in all media and comics were no exception As part of this ban superhero comics were forbidden by the Francoist regime as a result comic heroes were based on historical fiction influenced by Foster s Prince Valiant In 1944 the medieval hero El Guerrero del Antifaz the masked warrior was created by Manuel Gago and published by Editorial Valenciana Another popular medieval hero Capitan Trueno was created in 1956 by Victor Mora and Miguel Ambrosio Zaragoza Despite Franco s controls the 1940s and 1950s are considered a golden age of Spanish comics and many titles were at the height of their popularity 3 During this period Editorial Bruguera created a recognizable style of humor comics with a mixture of comedy of manners and slapstick influenced by Franco Belgian authors such as Franquin starring chronic losers Among the popular characters of this era were Cifre s El reporter Tribulete Escobar s Carpanta and Zipi y Zape and Vazquez s Las hermanas Gilda Editorial Bruguera also published adventure comics such as Capitan Trueno and Silver Roy In 1958 Ibanez s Mortadelo y Filemon was first published a series that soon became the most popular comic media in Spain together with some of his other creations e g 13 Rue del Percebe Editorial Valenciana published adventures comics such as Roberto Alcazar y Pedrin debuting in 1940 Miguel Quesada s La Pandilla de los Siete and El Guerrero del Antifaz Editorial Valenciana s humor series were not as slapstick with more absurd and harmless comedy they featured synthetic drawing and in academic terms were more finished with an abundance of backgrounds change of perspective depth of field and some statism clarification needed 4 In the 1960s Spanish comics had to adapt to changing times and more restrictive censorship Editorial Bruguera was the leader of juvenile comics during those years with authors such as Fresnos Jan Joan March Nicolas Jaume Ribera and Jaume Rovira In 1969 the magazine Gran Pulgarcito serialized the first long strip 44 pages of Mortadelo y Filemon The adult market produced horror comics such as Dossier Negro 1968 Vampus 1971 or Rufus 1973 or satirical comics such as El Papus 1973 Humor comics of the 1970s became more absurdist with characters such as Sir Tim O Theo 1970 or Superlopez 1975 One of the authors who adapted well to this more surreal style was Vazquez with his strip Anacleto agente secreto Post Franco era 1975 1980s edit After the death of Franco in 1975 there was an increased interest in adult comics with magazines such as Totem El Jueves 1984 and El Vibora and works such as Paracuellos by Carlos Gimenez However successful humor comics continued to appear at children oriented media such as Goomer 1988 In 1989 the annual comic book convention of Barcelona was inaugurated Hard times 1990s 2000s edit Market saturation became evident in 1983 with the closure of the magazines of Ediciones Metropol Things during this era were complicated by a crisis that increased the price of paper 5 as well as the rise of video games Editorial Bruguera filed for bankruptcy on 7 June 1982 In 1986 it was acquired by Grupo Z and transformed into Ediciones B In the 1990s most adult comic magazines Cairo Zona 84 Cimoc ceased publishing El Vibora closed in 2005 The most notable survivor of that era was El Jueves Mortadelo and all Ediciones B comic magazines disappeared in 1996 Mortadelo y Filemon and Superlopez were still published directly in album format until 2022 and 2023 respectively Present edit Among the notable Spanish webcomics are Eh tio El joven Lovecraft El Listo 6 and Universo Since 2007 a National Comic Award which revitalized the medium was established by the Spanish Ministry of Culture See also edit nbsp Spain portal nbsp Comics portal List of Spanish comics Belgian comics Franco Belgian comics Italian comicsReferences edit Comic JPG www tebeosfera com in Spanish Archived from the original on 12 April 2023 Retrieved 6 July 2023 Martin 01 1968 pp 9 a 10 Porcel 2002 69 70 Porcel 2002 308 311 Bea Josep Maria in an interview in Entrecomics at 10 06 08 located here Ovelar Maria 17 September 2009 La tira comica se rejuvenece en Internet El Pais in Spanish Prisa Retrieved 29 March 2020 Bibliography editAlary Viviane ed 2002 Historietas comics y tebeos espanoles Presses Universitaires du Mirail Hesperides Espagne Universite de Toulouse Le Mirail Antologia del Comic Espanyol 1915 1965 1995 Societat Andorrana de Ciencies Andorra la Vella Altarriba Antonio 2001 La Espana del Tebeo La historieta espanola de 1940 a 2000 Espasa Calpe Madrid Altarriba Antonio y Remesar Antoni 1987 Comicsarias Ensayo sobre una decada de historieta espanola 1977 1987 Promociones y Publicaciones Universitarias Cuadrado Jesus 2000 De la historieta y su uso 1873 2000 Dopico Pablo 2005 El comic underground espanol 1970 1980 Ediciones Catedra Madrid Guiral Antoni 2004 Cuando los comics se llamaban tebeos La escuela Bruguera 1945 1963 Ediciones El Jueves Llado Pol Francesca 2001 Los Comics de la Transicion Ediciones Glenat Martin Martinez Antonio 1978 Historia del Comic espanol 1875 1939 Editorial Gustavo Gili Barcelona Martin Martinez Antonio 02 1968 Apuntes para una historia de los tebeos III Tiempos heroicos del tebeo espanol 1936 1946 Revista de Educacion Madrid n º 196 Martin Antonio 2000 Los inventores del comic espanol 1873 1900 Editorial Planeta DeAgostini Barcelona Martinez Penaranda Enrique 2004 Vazquez El dibujante y su leyenda Ediciones Sinsentido Madrid Coleccion Sin Palabras Serie A nº 4 ISBN 84 95634 49 X Deposito legal M 39015 2004 Merino Ana 2003 El comic hispanico Catedra Madrid Moix Terenci 2007 Historia social del comic Ediciones B Barcelona ISBN 978 84 02 42030 5 Deposito legal B 2551 2007 Porcel Pedro 2002 Clasicos en Jauja La historia del tebeo valenciano Edicions de Ponent Ramirez Juan Antonio 1975 El comic femenino en Espana Arte sub y anulacion Editorial Cuadernos para el Dialogo Madrid Coleccion Divulgacion universitaria Arte y literatura numero 78 Deposito Legal M 8 752 1975 ISBN 84 229 0177 3 Ramirez Juan Antonio 1975 La historieta comica de postguerra Editorial Cuadernos para el dialogo Madrid Coleccion Memoria y comunicacion Roca Paco 2010 El invierno del dibujante Astiberri Ediciones Bilbao Vazquez de Parga Salvador 1980 Los comics del franquismo Editorial Planeta Barcelona External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Comics of Spain Guia del Comic infobox and news by Jose A Serrano in Spanish Tebeosfera digital magazine by Manuel Barrero in Spanish Tebeosclasicos magazine about the golden age of Spanish comic books in Spanish Comiclopedia in English French and Dutch Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Spanish comics amp oldid 1210377111, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.