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National Police Corps (Spain)

October 20, 2023

This article is about the National Police Corps in Spain. For police in other countries, see National police (disambiguation).

The National Police Corps (Spanish: Cuerpo Nacional de Policía, CNP; [ˈkweɾpo naθjoˈnal de poliˈθi.a]; also known simply as the National Police, Policía Nacional)[1] is the national civilian police force of Spain. The CNP is mainly responsible for policing urban areas, whilst rural policing is generally the responsibility of the Civil Guard, the Spanish national gendarmerie force. The CNP operates under the authority of Spain's Ministry of the Interior. They mostly handle criminal investigation, judicial, terrorism and immigration matters. The powers of the National Police Corps varies according to the autonomous community. For example, the Ertzaintza and the Mossos d'Esquadra are the primary police agencies in the Basque Country and Catalonia, respectively. In Navarre they share some duties jointly with Policía Foral (Foruzaingoa).

National Police Corps
Cuerpo Nacional de Policía
Seal of the National Police Corps of Spain
Badge of the National Police Corps of Spain
Flag of the National Police Corps of Spain
Common namePolicía Nacional
AbbreviationCNP
Motto"Servicio, Dignidad, Entrega, Lealtad"
"Service, Dignity, Dedication, Loyalty"
Agency overview
FormedJanuary 8, 1824 (as General Police of the Kingdom)
December 4, 1978 (formation of current service)
March 13, 1986 (current law)
Preceding agencies
Jurisdictional structure
National agency
(Operations jurisdiction)		Spain
Operations jurisdictionSpain
Population47,435,597
Legal jurisdictionAs per operations jurisdiction
Governing bodyGovernment of Spain
Constituting instruments
General nature
Operational structure
Overviewed byDirectorate-General of the Police
HeadquartersCalle Miguel Ángel, 5, 28039 Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain
Officers77,168 total (2020) and 68,000 active (2020)
Minister responsible
Agency executive
Notables
Anniversary
  • October 2
Award
  • Order of Police Merit
Website
www.policia.es

History Edit

The 1986 organic law unifying the separate uniformed and plainclothes branches of the national police was a major reform that required a considerable period of time to be brought into full effect. The former plainclothes service, known as the Superior Police Corps (Cuerpo Superior de Policía), but often referred to as the "secret police", formerly the General Police Corps (Cuerpo General de Policía), consisted of some 9,000 officers. Prior to 1986, it had a supervisory and coordinating role in police operations, conducted domestic surveillance, collected intelligence, investigated major crimes, issued identity documents, and carried out liaison with foreign police forces.[2]

The uniformed service, the Armed Police Corps (Cuerpo de Policía Armada) which became the basis of the current National Police in 1978, was a completely separate organization with a complement of about 50,000 officers, including a small number of female recruits who were first accepted for training in 1984. The Director General of the National Police Corps, a senior official of the Ministry of Interior, commanded 13 regional headquarters, 50 provincial offices, and about 190 municipal police stations. In the nine largest cities, several district police stations served separate sections of the city. The chief of police of each station was in command of both the uniformed and the plainclothes officers attached to the station. A centrally controlled Special Operations Group (Grupo Especial de Operaciones—GEO) was an elite fighting unit trained to deal with terrorist and hostage situations.[2]

The principal weapons regularly used by the uniformed police were 9mm pistols, 9mm submachine guns, CETME and NATO 7.62mm rifles, and various forms of riot equipment. Their original uniform consisted of light brown trousers and dark brown jackets.[2]

The initial training phase for recruits to the National Police Corps was nine months, followed by a year of practical training. Promotions to corporal, sergeant, and sergeant major were based on seniority, additional training, and performance. In the Franco era, most police officers were seconded from the Spanish Army (with some from the Civil Guard). Under a 1978 law, future police officers were to receive separate training, and army officers detailed to the police were to be permanently transferred. By 1986 only 170 army officers remained in the National Police Corps. Under the 1986 organic law, military-type training for police was to be terminated, and all candidate officers were to attend the Higher Police School at Ávila, which previously had served as the three-year training center for the Superior Police Corps. The ranks of the plainclothes corps—commissioners, subcommissioners, and inspectors of first, second, and third class—were to be assimilated into the ranking system of the uniformed police—colonel, lieutenant colonel, major, captain, and lieutenant. Two lower categories—subinspection and basic—would include all nonofficer uniformed personnel. The newly unified National Police Corps was to be responsible for issuing identity cards and passports, as well as for immigration and deportation controls, refugees, extradition, deportation, gambling controls, drugs, and supervision of private security forces.[2]

Franco's Policía Armada had once been dreaded as one of the most familiar symbols of the regime's oppressiveness. During the 1980s, however, the police underwent an internal transformation process, being brought to adopt the new democratic spirit of the times. The police supported the legally constituted government during the 1981 coup attempt. Led by the new police trade union, the police demonstrated in 1985 against right-wing militants in their ranks and cooperated in efforts to punish misconduct and abuses of civil rights by individual officers.[2]

The current sidearm is the Heckler & Koch USP Compact 9×19mm

Duties Edit

Duties are regulated by the Organic law 2/1986 of March 13, 1986.

  1. The issuing of identity documents – National ID cards and passports.
  2. To control receipts and outgoings of the foreign people and Spaniards.
  3. Immigration law, refuge and asylum, extradition and expulsion.
  4. Gambling enforcement
  5. Drug enforcement
  6. Collaboration with Interpol and Europol.
  7. Control of private security companies
  8. General law enforcement and criminal investigation.

Access and training Edit

Requirements Edit

  • Be born or a naturalized Spanish citizen
  • Be over 18 years of age.
  • Be at least 1.65 metres (5 ft 5 in) tall, for men, and 1.60 metres (5 ft 3 in) for women
  • Not have been convicted of fraud or dismissed by a local, regional or national government, or prevented from holding public functions.
  • Hold a driving licence of the class specified by the government.

Basic Scale:

  • Have or to be in conditions to obtain the Certificate of Bachillerato or equivalent.

Executive Scale:

  • Have a Technical Engineer, Technical Architect, Qualified University student or equivalent or top formation degree.

Competitive examination Edit

The applicant can choose between a Basic Scale career or an Executive Scale career. Applicants must pass the following basic tests before starting the academy:

  • Physical test
  • Multiple-choice exam
  • Aptitude test
  • Voluntary language test (English or French)
  • Medical examination
  • Interview

Training academy Edit

 
Ávila Police Academy

If the applicant has been chosen, they will receive professional training at the police academy in Ávila for nine months. Whilst trainees reside at the academy, they learn about Spanish law, receive firearms and self-defense training, conduct practical application exercises, learn the basics of the English or French languages and undergo training in crime investigation. Finally, the pupil will receive a policing practice for a year, in which there will be various common situations that will form him as an agent.

Ranks Edit

 
Spanish Policia Nacional wordmark (as seen on uniforms and vehicles).

From 1979 to 1986 the Police sported a military rank system, a holdover of the old Armed Police.

Above the cadet ranks (there are five cadet ranks), the current ranks are:

  • Policía – Policeman/policewoman
  • Oficial de Policía – Police Officer
  • Subinspector – Sub-inspector
  • Inspector – Inspector
  • Inspector Jefe – Chief Inspector
  • Comisario – Commissioner
  • Comisario Principal – Principal Commissioner
  • Jefe Superior – Superior Chief
  • Comisario General – Commissioner General, and Jefe de División – Divisional Chief [equal ranks]
  • Subdirector General – Sub-Director General
  • Director Adjunto Operativo – Assistant Director of Operations
  • Director General de la Policía – Director-General of Police

Rank insignia Edit

Categories Superior Grades Superior Executive Deputy Inspector Basic Student
 
 
Spain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Director Adjunto Operativo (DAO) Subdirector General Comisario General/Jefe de División Jefe Superior Comisario Principal Comisario Inspector Jefe Inspector Subinspector Oficial de Policía Policía Inspector Alumno en Prácticas Inspector Alumno de 2º año Inspector Alumno de 1º año Policía en Prácticas Policía Alumno

Rank insignia 1986–2014 Edit

Categories Superior Grades Superior Executive Deputy Inspector Basic Student
 
 
Spain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DAO/Subdirector General Comisario General/Jefe de División Jefe Superior Comisario Principal Comisario Inspector Jefe Inspector Subinspector Oficial de Policía Policía Inspector Alumno de 2º año Inspector Alumno de 1º año Policía en Prácticas
Superior Executive Deputy Inspector Basic
 
 
 
 

Uniforms Edit

CNP Uniforms
                 
Service uniform

SC

riot police

UPR

riot police

UIP

Tactical unit

GOES

Tactical unit

GEO

Bomb disposal

TEDAX

Dress uniform Dress uniform Dress uniform (female)
CNP Uniforms 1989–2009
         
Service uniform Service uniform UIP/UPR UIP 2000–2014 GOES 1990–1995

Specialist units Edit

There are numerous specialist units within the CNP:

  • GOES (Grupos Operativos Especiales de Seguridad) – police tactical units.
  • GEO (Grupo Especial de Operaciones) – elite police tactical unit, equivalent to GSG-9 or FBI HRT.
  • TEDAX-NRBQ (Servicio de Desactivación de Explosivos y Nuclear, Radiológico, Bacteriológico y Químico) – Explosive artifacts defuser and CRBN (Chemical, Radiological, Biological, and Nuclear) specialised team.
  • UIP (Unidad de Intervención Policial) – Anti-riot unit.
  • UPR (Unidad de Prevención y Reacción) – Anti-riot unit.
  • UDYCO (Unidad de Drogas Y Crimen Organizado) – Drugs and organised crime investigation squad.
  • UDEV (Unidad de Delincuencia Especializada y Violenta) – Investigation and pursuit several kinds of crimes related to artistic and cultural heritage, families.
  • BIT (Brigada de Investigación Tecnológica) – Computer crime unit.
  • UDEF (Unidad de Delincuencia Económica y Fiscal) – Financial crimes.
  • UEGC (Unidad Especial de Guías Caninos) – Canine unit. Drug, explosives and people detection.
  • CGPJ (General Commissariat of Judiciary Police) – intelligence unit.
  • CGI (General Commissariat of Information) – intelligence and anti-terrorism unit.
  • SMA (Servicios de Medios Aéreos).
  • USPA (Unidad de Subsuelo y Protección Ambiental).
  • TEDAX
  • GOIT (Grupo Operativo de Intervenciones Técnicas).
  • GOR (Grupo Operativo de Respuesta).
  • Unidad Canina – Canine unit

Gallery Edit

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ "Ley Orgánica 9/2015, de 28 de julio, de Régimen de Personal de la Policía Nacional". Ley No. 9 of 2015 (in Spanish).
  2. ^ a b c d e Solsten, Eric; Meditz, Sandra W. (1990). Spain : a country study. Washington, D.C: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division. LCCN 90006127.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cuerpo Nacional de Policía.
  • Official website
  • The most complete forum about different Spanish police forces.

October 20, 2023
national, police, corps, spain, this, article, about, national, police, corps, spain, police, other, countries, national, police, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations. This article is about the National Police Corps in Spain For police in other countries see National police disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources National Police Corps Spain news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message The National Police Corps Spanish Cuerpo Nacional de Policia CNP ˈkweɾpo na8joˈnal de poliˈ8i a also known simply as the National Police Policia Nacional 1 is the national civilian police force of Spain The CNP is mainly responsible for policing urban areas whilst rural policing is generally the responsibility of the Civil Guard the Spanish national gendarmerie force The CNP operates under the authority of Spain s Ministry of the Interior They mostly handle criminal investigation judicial terrorism and immigration matters The powers of the National Police Corps varies according to the autonomous community For example the Ertzaintza and the Mossos d Esquadra are the primary police agencies in the Basque Country and Catalonia respectively In Navarre they share some duties jointly with Policia Foral Foruzaingoa National Police CorpsCuerpo Nacional de PoliciaSeal of the National Police Corps of SpainBadge of the National Police Corps of SpainFlag of the National Police Corps of SpainCommon namePolicia NacionalAbbreviationCNPMotto Servicio Dignidad Entrega Lealtad Service Dignity Dedication Loyalty Agency overviewFormedJanuary 8 1824 as General Police of the Kingdom December 4 1978 formation of current service March 13 1986 current law Preceding agenciesCuerpo Superior de PoliciaCuerpo de Policia NacionalJurisdictional structureNational agency Operations jurisdiction SpainOperations jurisdictionSpainPopulation47 435 597Legal jurisdictionAs per operations jurisdictionGoverning bodyGovernment of SpainConstituting instrumentsSpanish Constitution of 1978Organic Act 2 1986General natureCivilian policeOperational structureOverviewed byDirectorate General of the PoliceHeadquartersCalle Miguel Angel 5 28039 Madrid Community of Madrid SpainOfficers77 168 total 2020 and 68 000 active 2020 Minister responsibleFernando Grande MarlaskaAgency executiveFrancisco Pardo Piqueras Director GeneralNotablesAnniversaryOctober 2AwardOrder of Police MeritWebsitewww wbr policia wbr es Contents 1 History 2 Duties 3 Access and training 3 1 Requirements 3 2 Competitive examination 3 3 Training academy 4 Ranks 4 1 Rank insignia 4 2 Rank insignia 1986 2014 5 Uniforms 6 Specialist units 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksHistory EditThe 1986 organic law unifying the separate uniformed and plainclothes branches of the national police was a major reform that required a considerable period of time to be brought into full effect The former plainclothes service known as the Superior Police Corps Cuerpo Superior de Policia but often referred to as the secret police formerly the General Police Corps Cuerpo General de Policia consisted of some 9 000 officers Prior to 1986 it had a supervisory and coordinating role in police operations conducted domestic surveillance collected intelligence investigated major crimes issued identity documents and carried out liaison with foreign police forces 2 The uniformed service the Armed Police Corps Cuerpo de Policia Armada which became the basis of the current National Police in 1978 was a completely separate organization with a complement of about 50 000 officers including a small number of female recruits who were first accepted for training in 1984 The Director General of the National Police Corps a senior official of the Ministry of Interior commanded 13 regional headquarters 50 provincial offices and about 190 municipal police stations In the nine largest cities several district police stations served separate sections of the city The chief of police of each station was in command of both the uniformed and the plainclothes officers attached to the station A centrally controlled Special Operations Group Grupo Especial de Operaciones GEO was an elite fighting unit trained to deal with terrorist and hostage situations 2 The principal weapons regularly used by the uniformed police were 9mm pistols 9mm submachine guns CETME and NATO 7 62mm rifles and various forms of riot equipment Their original uniform consisted of light brown trousers and dark brown jackets 2 The initial training phase for recruits to the National Police Corps was nine months followed by a year of practical training Promotions to corporal sergeant and sergeant major were based on seniority additional training and performance In the Franco era most police officers were seconded from the Spanish Army with some from the Civil Guard Under a 1978 law future police officers were to receive separate training and army officers detailed to the police were to be permanently transferred By 1986 only 170 army officers remained in the National Police Corps Under the 1986 organic law military type training for police was to be terminated and all candidate officers were to attend the Higher Police School at Avila which previously had served as the three year training center for the Superior Police Corps The ranks of the plainclothes corps commissioners subcommissioners and inspectors of first second and third class were to be assimilated into the ranking system of the uniformed police colonel lieutenant colonel major captain and lieutenant Two lower categories subinspection and basic would include all nonofficer uniformed personnel The newly unified National Police Corps was to be responsible for issuing identity cards and passports as well as for immigration and deportation controls refugees extradition deportation gambling controls drugs and supervision of private security forces 2 Franco s Policia Armada had once been dreaded as one of the most familiar symbols of the regime s oppressiveness During the 1980s however the police underwent an internal transformation process being brought to adopt the new democratic spirit of the times The police supported the legally constituted government during the 1981 coup attempt Led by the new police trade union the police demonstrated in 1985 against right wing militants in their ranks and cooperated in efforts to punish misconduct and abuses of civil rights by individual officers 2 The current sidearm is the Heckler amp Koch USP Compact 9 19mmDuties EditDuties are regulated by the Organic law 2 1986 of March 13 1986 The issuing of identity documents National ID cards and passports To control receipts and outgoings of the foreign people and Spaniards Immigration law refuge and asylum extradition and expulsion Gambling enforcement Drug enforcement Collaboration with Interpol and Europol Control of private security companies General law enforcement and criminal investigation Access and training EditRequirements Edit Be born or a naturalized Spanish citizen Be over 18 years of age Be at least 1 65 metres 5 ft 5 in tall for men and 1 60 metres 5 ft 3 in for women Not have been convicted of fraud or dismissed by a local regional or national government or prevented from holding public functions Hold a driving licence of the class specified by the government Basic Scale Have or to be in conditions to obtain the Certificate of Bachillerato or equivalent Executive Scale Have a Technical Engineer Technical Architect Qualified University student or equivalent or top formation degree Competitive examination Edit The applicant can choose between a Basic Scale career or an Executive Scale career Applicants must pass the following basic tests before starting the academy Physical test Multiple choice exam Aptitude test Voluntary language test English or French Medical examination InterviewTraining academy Edit nbsp Avila Police AcademyIf the applicant has been chosen they will receive professional training at the police academy in Avila for nine months Whilst trainees reside at the academy they learn about Spanish law receive firearms and self defense training conduct practical application exercises learn the basics of the English or French languages and undergo training in crime investigation Finally the pupil will receive a policing practice for a year in which there will be various common situations that will form him as an agent Ranks Edit nbsp Spanish Policia Nacional wordmark as seen on uniforms and vehicles From 1979 to 1986 the Police sported a military rank system a holdover of the old Armed Police Above the cadet ranks there are five cadet ranks the current ranks are Policia Policeman policewoman Oficial de Policia Police Officer Subinspector Sub inspector Inspector Inspector Inspector Jefe Chief Inspector Comisario Commissioner Comisario Principal Principal Commissioner Jefe Superior Superior Chief Comisario General Commissioner General and Jefe de Division Divisional Chief equal ranks Subdirector General Sub Director General Director Adjunto Operativo Assistant Director of Operations Director General de la Policia Director General of PoliceRank insignia Edit Categories Superior Grades Superior Executive Deputy Inspector Basic Student nbsp nbsp Spain nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Director Adjunto Operativo DAO Subdirector General Comisario General Jefe de Division Jefe Superior Comisario Principal Comisario Inspector Jefe Inspector Subinspector Oficial de Policia Policia Inspector Alumno en Practicas Inspector Alumno de 2º ano Inspector Alumno de 1º ano Policia en Practicas Policia AlumnoRank insignia 1986 2014 Edit Categories Superior Grades Superior Executive Deputy Inspector Basic Student nbsp nbsp Spain nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp DAO Subdirector General Comisario General Jefe de Division Jefe Superior Comisario Principal Comisario Inspector Jefe Inspector Subinspector Oficial de Policia Policia Inspector Alumno de 2º ano Inspector Alumno de 1º ano Policia en PracticasSuperior Executive Deputy Inspector Basic nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Uniforms EditCNP Uniforms nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Service uniform SC riot police UPR riot police UIP Tactical unit GOES Tactical unit GEO Bomb disposal TEDAX Dress uniform Dress uniform Dress uniform female CNP Uniforms 1989 2009 nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Service uniform Service uniform UIP UPR UIP 2000 2014 GOES 1990 1995Specialist units EditThere are numerous specialist units within the CNP GOES Grupos Operativos Especiales de Seguridad police tactical units GEO Grupo Especial de Operaciones elite police tactical unit equivalent to GSG 9 or FBI HRT TEDAX NRBQ Servicio de Desactivacion de Explosivos y Nuclear Radiologico Bacteriologico y Quimico Explosive artifacts defuser and CRBN Chemical Radiological Biological and Nuclear specialised team UIP Unidad de Intervencion Policial Anti riot unit UPR Unidad de Prevencion y Reaccion Anti riot unit UDYCO Unidad de Drogas Y Crimen Organizado Drugs and organised crime investigation squad UDEV Unidad de Delincuencia Especializada y Violenta Investigation and pursuit several kinds of crimes related to artistic and cultural heritage families BIT Brigada de Investigacion Tecnologica Computer crime unit UDEF Unidad de Delincuencia Economica y Fiscal Financial crimes UEGC Unidad Especial de Guias Caninos Canine unit Drug explosives and people detection CGPJ General Commissariat of Judiciary Police intelligence unit CGI General Commissariat of Information intelligence and anti terrorism unit SMA Servicios de Medios Aereos USPA Unidad de Subsuelo y Proteccion Ambiental TEDAX GOIT Grupo Operativo de Intervenciones Tecnicas GOR Grupo Operativo de Respuesta Unidad Canina Canine unitGallery Edit nbsp Citroen C4 Picasso nbsp Mercedes Benz Sprinter nbsp Eurocopter EC120 nbsp VAMTAC nbsp Citroen JumpySee also EditLaw enforcement in Spain Crime in SpainReferences Edit Ley Organica 9 2015 de 28 de julio de Regimen de Personal de la Policia Nacional Ley No 9 of 2015 in Spanish a b c d e Solsten Eric Meditz Sandra W 1990 Spain a country study Washington D C Library of Congress Federal Research Division LCCN 90006127 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Country Studies Federal Research Division External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cuerpo Nacional de Policia Official website Spanish police forces forum The most complete forum about different Spanish police forces Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National Police Corps Spain amp oldid 1171060178, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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