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Space technology

April 13, 2024

Space technology is technology for use in outer space. Space technology Includes space vehicles such as spacecraft, satellites, space stations and orbital launch vehicles; deep-space communication; in-space propulsion; and a wide variety of other technologies including support infrastructure equipment, and procedures.

Many common everyday services for terrestrial use such as weather forecasting, remote sensing, satellite navigation systems, satellite television, and some long-distance communications systems critically rely on space infrastructure. Of the sciences, astronomy and Earth science benefit from space technology.[1] New technologies originating with or accelerated by space-related endeavors are often subsequently exploited in other economic activities.

History of space technology edit

See also: Astronautics

The first country on Earth to put any technology into space was the Soviet Union, formally known as the "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" (USSR). The USSR sent the Sputnik 1 satellite on October 4, 1957. It weighed about 83 kg (183 lb), and is believed to have orbited around the globe. Analysis of the radio signals was used to gather information about the electron density of the ionosphere, while temperature and pressure data was encoded in the duration of radio beeps.

The first successful human spaceflight was Vostok 1, carrying 27-year-old Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin in April 1961. The entire mission was controlled by either automatic systems or by ground control. This was because medical staff and spacecraft engineers were unsure how a human might react to weightlessness, and therefore it was decided to lock the pilot's manual controls.[2][3]

The first probe to impact the surface of the Moon was the Soviet probe Luna 2, which made a hard landing on September 14, 1959. The far side of the Moon was first photographed on October 7, 1959, by the Soviet probe Luna 3.s On December 24, 1968, the crew of Apollo 8, Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders, became the first human beings to enter lunar orbit and see the far side of the Moon in person. Humans first landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969. The first human to walk on the lunar surface was Neil Armstrong, commander of Apollo 11.

Apollo 11 was followed by Apollo 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17. Apollo 13 had a failure of the Apollo service module, but passed the far side of the Moon at an altitude of 254 kilometers (158 miles; 137 nautical miles) above the lunar surface, and 400,171 km (248,655 mi) from Earth, marking the record for the farthest humans traveled from Earth in 1970.

The first robotic lunar rover to land on the Moon was the Soviet vessel Lunokhod 1 on November 17, 1970, as part of the Lunokhod program. To date, the last human to stand on the Moon was Eugene Cernan, who as part of the Apollo 17 mission, walked on the Moon in December 1972. Apollo 17 was followed by several uncrewed interplanetary missions operated by NASA.

One of the notable interplanetary missions is Voyager 1, the first artificial object to leave the Solar System into interstellar space on August 25, 2012. It is also the most distant artificial object from Earth.[4] The probe passed the heliopause at 121 AU to enter interstellar space.[5] Voyager 1 is currently at a distance of 145.11 astronomical units (2.1708×1010 km; 1.3489×1010 mi) (21.708 billion kilometers; 13.489 billion miles) from Earth as of January 1, 2019.[6]

Hazards caused by space technology edit

This section is an excerpt from Spaceflight § Safety.[edit]

All launch vehicles contain a huge amount of energy that is needed for some part of it to reach orbit. There is therefore some risk that this energy can be released prematurely and suddenly, with significant effects. When a Delta II rocket exploded 13 seconds after launch on January 17, 1997, there were reports of store windows 10 miles (16 km) away being broken by the blast.[7]

Space is a fairly predictable environment, but there are still risks of accidental depressurization and the potential failure of equipment, some of which may be very newly developed.

In April 2004 the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety was established in the Netherlands to further international cooperation and scientific advancement in space systems safety.[8]

See also edit

  • Space Technology and Satellite Technology[9]

References edit

  1. ^ Hall, Loura (2015-03-16). "About Us". NASA. Retrieved 2020-06-27.
  2. ^ "Oleg Ivanovsky - obituary". The Daily Telegraph. September 21, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  3. ^ Burgess and Hall, p.156
  4. ^ . BBC Solar System. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  5. ^ Harwood, William (September 12, 2013). "Voyager 1 finally crosses into interstellar space". CBS News.
  6. ^ "Voyager - Mission Status". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  7. ^ "Unmanned rocket explodes after liftoff". CNN.
  8. ^ "The second IAASS: Introduction". Congrex. European Space Agency. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
  9. ^ "Space Technology and Satellite Technology - Space Tech". 2024-02-04. Retrieved 2024-02-07.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Space exploration technologies at Wikimedia Commons
  • NASA images and videos of space technology
  • NASA solar system overview
  • Space-Tech: To Infinity and Beyond

April 13, 2024
space, technology, technology, outer, space, includes, space, vehicles, such, spacecraft, satellites, space, stations, orbital, launch, vehicles, deep, space, communication, space, propulsion, wide, variety, other, technologies, including, support, infrastruct. Space technology is technology for use in outer space Space technology Includes space vehicles such as spacecraft satellites space stations and orbital launch vehicles deep space communication in space propulsion and a wide variety of other technologies including support infrastructure equipment and procedures Many common everyday services for terrestrial use such as weather forecasting remote sensing satellite navigation systems satellite television and some long distance communications systems critically rely on space infrastructure Of the sciences astronomy and Earth science benefit from space technology 1 New technologies originating with or accelerated by space related endeavors are often subsequently exploited in other economic activities Contents 1 History of space technology 2 Hazards caused by space technology 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory of space technology editSee also Astronautics The first country on Earth to put any technology into space was the Soviet Union formally known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USSR The USSR sent the Sputnik 1 satellite on October 4 1957 It weighed about 83 kg 183 lb and is believed to have orbited around the globe Analysis of the radio signals was used to gather information about the electron density of the ionosphere while temperature and pressure data was encoded in the duration of radio beeps The first successful human spaceflight was Vostok 1 carrying 27 year old Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin in April 1961 The entire mission was controlled by either automatic systems or by ground control This was because medical staff and spacecraft engineers were unsure how a human might react to weightlessness and therefore it was decided to lock the pilot s manual controls 2 3 The first probe to impact the surface of the Moon was the Soviet probe Luna 2 which made a hard landing on September 14 1959 The far side of the Moon was first photographed on October 7 1959 by the Soviet probe Luna 3 s On December 24 1968 the crew of Apollo 8 Frank Borman James Lovell and William Anders became the first human beings to enter lunar orbit and see the far side of the Moon in person Humans first landed on the Moon on July 20 1969 The first human to walk on the lunar surface was Neil Armstrong commander of Apollo 11 Apollo 11 was followed by Apollo 12 14 15 16 and 17 Apollo 13 had a failure of the Apollo service module but passed the far side of the Moon at an altitude of 254 kilometers 158 miles 137 nautical miles above the lunar surface and 400 171 km 248 655 mi from Earth marking the record for the farthest humans traveled from Earth in 1970 The first robotic lunar rover to land on the Moon was the Soviet vessel Lunokhod 1 on November 17 1970 as part of the Lunokhod program To date the last human to stand on the Moon was Eugene Cernan who as part of the Apollo 17 mission walked on the Moon in December 1972 Apollo 17 was followed by several uncrewed interplanetary missions operated by NASA One of the notable interplanetary missions is Voyager 1 the first artificial object to leave the Solar System into interstellar space on August 25 2012 It is also the most distant artificial object from Earth 4 The probe passed the heliopause at 121 AU to enter interstellar space 5 Voyager 1 is currently at a distance of 145 11 astronomical units 2 1708 1010 km 1 3489 1010 mi 21 708 billion kilometers 13 489 billion miles from Earth as of January 1 2019 6 Hazards caused by space technology editThis section is an excerpt from Spaceflight Safety edit All launch vehicles contain a huge amount of energy that is needed for some part of it to reach orbit There is therefore some risk that this energy can be released prematurely and suddenly with significant effects When a Delta II rocket exploded 13 seconds after launch on January 17 1997 there were reports of store windows 10 miles 16 km away being broken by the blast 7 Space is a fairly predictable environment but there are still risks of accidental depressurization and the potential failure of equipment some of which may be very newly developed In April 2004 the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety was established in the Netherlands to further international cooperation and scientific advancement in space systems safety 8 See also edit nbsp Spaceflight portalSpace Technology and Satellite Technology 9 NewSpace Spacecraft propulsion Space scienceReferences edit Hall Loura 2015 03 16 About Us NASA Retrieved 2020 06 27 Oleg Ivanovsky obituary The Daily Telegraph September 21 2014 Retrieved September 25 2014 Burgess and Hall p 156 Voyager 1 BBC Solar System Archived from the original on February 3 2018 Retrieved September 4 2018 Harwood William September 12 2013 Voyager 1 finally crosses into interstellar space CBS News Voyager Mission Status Jet Propulsion Laboratory NASA Retrieved January 1 2019 Unmanned rocket explodes after liftoff CNN The second IAASS Introduction Congrex European Space Agency Archived from the original on 24 July 2012 Retrieved 3 January 2009 Space Technology and Satellite Technology Space Tech 2024 02 04 Retrieved 2024 02 07 External links editSpace technology at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Definitions from Wiktionary nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Textbooks from Wikibooks nbsp Resources from Wikiversity nbsp Media related to Space exploration technologies at Wikimedia Commons NASA images and videos of space technology NASA solar system overview Space Tech To Infinity and Beyond Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Space technology amp oldid 1216688733 Impact of space technology on terrestrial concerns, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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