It is usually contrasted with kolkhoz, which is a collective-owned farm. Just as the members of a kolkhoz were called "kolkhozniks" or "kolkhozniki" (колхозники), the workers of a sovkhoz were called "sovkhozniki" (совхозники).
Soviet state farms started to be created in 1918[2] as an ideological example of "socialist agriculture of the highest order".
Kolkhozes, or collective farms, were regarded for a long time as an intermediate stage in the transition to the ideal of state farming. While kolkhozy were typically created by combining small individual farms together in a cooperative structure, a sovkhoz would be organized by the state on land confiscated from former large estates (so-called "state reserve land" that was left over after distribution of land to individuals) and sovkhoz workers would be recruited from among landless rural residents. The sovkhoz employees would be paid regulated wages, whereas the remuneration system in a kolkhoz relied on cooperative-style distribution of farm earnings (in cash and in kind) among the members. In farms of both types, however, a system of internal passports prevented movement of employees and members from rural areas to urban areas.
In 1990, the Soviet Union had 23,500 sovkhozy, or 45% of the total number of large-scale collective and state farms. The average size of a sovkhoz was 15,300 hectares (153 km2), nearly three times the average kolkhoz (5,900 hectares or 59 km2 in 1990).[3] Sovkhoz farms were more dominant in the Central Asian part of the Soviet Union.
During the transition era of the 1990s, many state farms were reorganized using joint stock arrangements, although the development of land markets remained constrained by opposition to private ownership of land.
Smith, Whitney L.; Naylor, Rosamond L. (2014). "Land Institutions and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa". In Rosamond L. Naylor (ed.). The Evolving Sphere of Food Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 202–238. ISBN9780199354078.
April 14, 2024
sovkhoz, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, february, 2022, le. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Sovkhoz news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message A sovkhoz a Russian sovho z IPA sɐfˈxos abbreviated from sovetskoe hozyajstvo sovetskoye khozyaystvo sovkhoz Ukrainian radgosp romanized radhosp was a form of state owned farm in the Soviet Union 1 1932 Socialist Realism painting In a pig breeding sovkhoz Petr Stroev Headquarters of the Leninugol sovkhoz Kemerovo Oblast Students from the Kazakh Agricultural Institute at the Novopokrovsky sovkhoz 1991 It is usually contrasted with kolkhoz which is a collective owned farm Just as the members of a kolkhoz were called kolkhozniks or kolkhozniki kolhozniki the workers of a sovkhoz were called sovkhozniki sovhozniki Contents 1 History 2 In other countries 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 SourcesHistory editSoviet state farms started to be created in 1918 2 as an ideological example of socialist agriculture of the highest order Kolkhozes or collective farms were regarded for a long time as an intermediate stage in the transition to the ideal of state farming While kolkhozy were typically created by combining small individual farms together in a cooperative structure a sovkhoz would be organized by the state on land confiscated from former large estates so called state reserve land that was left over after distribution of land to individuals and sovkhoz workers would be recruited from among landless rural residents The sovkhoz employees would be paid regulated wages whereas the remuneration system in a kolkhoz relied on cooperative style distribution of farm earnings in cash and in kind among the members In farms of both types however a system of internal passports prevented movement of employees and members from rural areas to urban areas In 1990 the Soviet Union had 23 500 sovkhozy or 45 of the total number of large scale collective and state farms The average size of a sovkhoz was 15 300 hectares 153 km2 nearly three times the average kolkhoz 5 900 hectares or 59 km2 in 1990 3 Sovkhoz farms were more dominant in the Central Asian part of the Soviet Union During the transition era of the 1990s many state farms were reorganized using joint stock arrangements although the development of land markets remained constrained by opposition to private ownership of land In other countries editAngola China Czechoslovakia statni statek East Germany Volkseigenes Gut Ethiopia Mongolia Mozambique 4 Poland panstwowe gospodarstwo rolne PGR See also editCollectivization in the Soviet UnionNotes edit Russian plural sovkhozy anglicized plural sovkhozes References edit sovkhoz Merriam Webster Padalka S Radhosps RADGOSPI in Ukrainian Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine Narodnoye Khozyaiatvo SSSR Statistical Yearbook of the USSR in Russian State Statistical Committee of the USSR Moscow 1990 Smith amp Naylor 2014 p 226 Sources editSmith Whitney L Naylor Rosamond L 2014 Land Institutions and Food Security in Sub Saharan Africa In Rosamond L Naylor ed The Evolving Sphere of Food Security Oxford Oxford University Press pp 202 238 ISBN 9780199354078 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sovkhoz amp oldid 1189861693, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
