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South Australian Brewing Company

January 01, 1970

For other uses of the name West End Brewery, see West End Brewery.

The South Australian Brewing Company, Limited was a brewery located in Thebarton, an inner-west suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is a subsidiary of Lion, which in turn is owned by Kirin, a Japan-based beverage company.[1] It manufactures West End Draught beer.

West End brewery building, Hindley Street, S. side c.1920

The company was created in 1888 as the South Australian Brewing, Malting, and Wine and Spirit Company, from an amalgamation of the West End Brewery (in Hindley Street, Adelaide city centre), the Kent Town Brewery, and the wine and spirit merchants Rounsevell & Simms.[2] In 1938 the company took over the Walkerville Brewery in 1938, whose main site was at 107 Port Road, Thebarton (the original site of Torrenside Brewery established in 1886). The company's operations continued at its two factories on Hindley Street and Thebarton, with the Thebarton site becoming known as the Nathan Brewery after the takeover in 1838, then again reverting to its former name, Southwark Brewery, before being rebadged the West End Brewery after the Hindley Street premises closed in 1980.

The Thebarton brewery closed in June 2021.[1]

19th century: foundation edit

 
West End Brewery, southern side of Hindley Street West, c.1888

The South Australian Brewing Company was established in February 1888 as the South Australian Brewing, Malting, and Wine and Spirit Company[3][4] by the amalgamation of Sir Edwin Thomas Smith's Kent Town Brewery, William Knox Simms's West End Brewery and the wine and spirit merchants Rounsevell & Simms (Ben Rounsevell and Alfred Simms). The managing directors of the new company were Robert Alfred Stock, Alfred Simms, and W. B. (Ben) Rounsevell. Provisional directors were Edwin Smith, W. K. Simms, W. B. Rounsevell, R. A. Stock, Alfred Simms, Charles H. T. Hart, and Frank Rymill of Adelaide, and Hon. N. Fitzgerald, John Robb, Malcolm McEacharn, John B. Watson, and John McIlwraith (brother of Thomas McIlwraith), of Melbourne.[5]

The new company set about enlarging the brewing facilities at West End and centring the malting work at Kent Town.[6] It began a campaign of purchasing hotels freehold or leasehold, and by the end of the 1880s had a stranglehold on the Adelaide market, owning 44 hotels and leasing 65.[7] In 1893 they sold off their wine and spirit business to A. E. & F. Tolley Pty Ltd and Milne & Co., and the name was changed to South Australian Brewing Company, Limited.[6][8]

20th century edit

 
West End Brewery, Adelaide, in 1925

Robert Stock, Edwin Smith's brother-in-law and manager of the Kent Town Brewery, became chairman of the board and general manager of SA Brewing; Stock died in 1904 and Samuel Jacobs served from 1904 to 1937. Jacobs' son (later Sir) Roland Jacobs was managing director from 1948 to 1967.[7]

The black and red colours of the SA Brewing Company came about after the West Adelaide Football Club (whose colours are black and red) defeated Port Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) 1911 Grand Final, and defeated VFL premiers Essendon in the Championship of Australia play-off at Adelaide Oval shortly afterwards in the same year.[9]

In 1927 T. A. Nation was the brewer and G. B. Bryant the general manager. His board of directors comprised S. J. Jacobs (later managing director), Sir Lancelot Stirling, K.C.M.G., Edward Fitzgerald, LL.D., and H. W. Morphett.[10]

1938: Walkerville/Nathan takeover edit

 
West End Brewery building, 1982
 
West End Brewery, 1982

The Walkerville Cooperative Brewery, which produced the popular Nathan beers,[11][12] was taken over by the South Australian Brewing Company in 1938,[13][14] after which operations were concentrated on the old Torrenside Brewery (established 1886, a precursor of Walkerville Brewery).[4][15] The brewery was renamed Nathan Brewery to remove the Walkerville's "Southwark" branding[16] in 1939.[15]

In 1941, architect F. Kenneth Milne (who was contracted to the company from 1912 until 1946[17]) was responsible for upgrading the Hindley Street building.[18][19]

From 1949, the brewery was again renamed Southwark Brewery,[4][15] administration was centralised at Hindley Street, and in November 1951 Walkerville's Nathan beer (Bitter) was renamed Southwark beer (Bitter). "Southwark Bitter" (actually a lager) became the most well-known product.[16][20]

From 1955 operations were split between the company's two major factories, with the West End Brewery in Hindley Street making only draught beer in kegs; bottled beer only was produced in the Thebarton plant.[citation needed]

Until 1974, when the Whitlam government revised the Trade Practices Act, they were legally able to dispense only the company's beer in their pubs.[7]

1980: Hindley St site closed edit

In 1980, faced with mounting problems with traffic on West Terrace and ageing and inefficient equipment, not to mention the rapidly increasing value of City land, the original West End Brewery closed and the property sold,[7] operations moved to the Southwark Brewery in Thebarton, which was rebadged "West End". The old Hindley Street building was demolished in 1983, and in 1993, Lion Nathan took over the West End brands.[8]

1993 Lion acquisition edit

Prior to the acquisition of the brewing assets by Lion Nathan in 1993, SA Brewing split its brewing assets into "SA Brewing Holdings", and its diversified operations were formed into a new listed company named Southcorp. One of Southcorp's major assets was "Southcorp Wines", (acquired from the Adelaide Steamship Company in 1990), and subsequently acquired by Lion Nathan's main Australian rival, the Foster's Group.[citation needed]

21st century edit

West End Draught was the largest selling beer in South Australia in 2007. West End Draught is a 4.5% abv pale lager, first brewed in 1859.[21]

In October 2020 it was announced that the Thebarton brewery would be closing in June 2021, with the loss of over 90 jobs.[8] It finally closed at close of business on 17 June 2021, with about a third of the workforce, mainly those in sales and sponsorship roles, staying on with the company in South Australia. Artefacts in the on-site museum were catalogued and donated to the State Library of South Australia and other local institutions.[22]

The South Australian Government purchased the 8.4 hectares (21 acres) Thebarton site from Lion Nathan for $61.5 million in 2023, intending to develop it with over 1,000 homes, of which 20% would be economical residential. The site is within 2 km of the CBD, and is well serviced by trams.[23]

The West End Brewery chimney tower has been heritage-listed and will be preserved when the site is redeveloped.[22]

Football edit

 
2020 SANFL Premier Woodville West Torrens Eagles' colours above runner up North Adelaide's colours.

Chimney-painting edit

The tradition of painting the brewery chimney with the team colours of the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) premiership team began in 1954,[24] when a West Adelaide player and employee Clarrie Cannon[7] suggested painting the chimney in the West Adelaide Football Club colours, red and black, as the West End Brewery (then still in Hindley Street[24]) was located in their territory. General manager C. R. Aitken agreed, but only if West Adelaide was the winning team that year. However Port Adelaide Football Club coach and captain, Fos Williams, said that he expected his team to win, and the men agreed that if Port Adelaide won, their colours would be painted on the chimney. Port Adelaide won that year, so the chimney was painted in black and white vertical stripes, but Williams suggested that a red stripe be painted below the black to honour the runners-up.[25][26]

The tradition of painting the colours of the premier and runners-up was maintained at the Hindley Street premises until its closure in 1980,[24] before transferring to the Thebarton site,[27][7] which was rebadged "West End".[8] It continued there until the last finals before the closure of the brewery in 2020, with the Woodville West Torrens Eagles colours aloft.[28] The tradition of painting a chimney in the two teams' colours would continue at the Hoffmann Kiln at the Brickworks Marketplace in nearby Torrensville from 2021,[29] with the cost of the painting continuing to be borne by Lion.[30]

AFL Showdown edit

SA Brewing was the original sponsor of the "Showdown" in the Australian Football League in 1997, and is one of the sponsors of the "Slowdown" charity football match.[31][7]

See also edit

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b "Beer Adelaide". www.beeradelaide.com. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  2. ^ Thebarton, Brewery Port Road; Australia, S. A. (11 July 2019). "South Australian Brewing Co. Ltd | Adelaidia". adelaidia.history.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  3. ^ "Our story". West End. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  4. ^ a b c . West End. Archived from the original on 24 February 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  5. ^ "Advertising". South Australian Register Supplement. Vol. LIII, no. 12, 880. South Australia. 24 February 1888. p. 1. Retrieved 25 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. ^ a b "South Australian Brewing Company". The Advertiser (Adelaide). Vol. XXXV, no. 10722. 28 February 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 18 December 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Alison Painter. "South Australian Brewing Co. Ltd". SA History Hub. History Trust of South Australia. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d Richardson, Tom (13 October 2020). "End of the West End: tears flow for historic brewery as Lion quits SA". InDaily. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  9. ^ "West Adelaide Football Club". Australian Football. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  10. ^ "Captains of Industry". The News (Adelaide). Vol. VIII, no. 1, 167. South Australia. 11 April 1927. p. 6. Retrieved 26 June 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ "Early Breweries". The Mail (Adelaide). Vol. 15, no. 757. South Australia. 27 November 1926. p. 17. Retrieved 28 June 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ "Amalgamation of Breweries". The Express and Telegraph. Vol. XXXV, no. 10, 425. South Australia. 26 July 1898. p. 2. Retrieved 28 June 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^ "More Capital for S.A. Brewing Co". The News (Adelaide). Vol. XXXI, no. 4, 670. South Australia. 13 July 1938. p. 12. Retrieved 28 June 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ "Big Brewery Deal". The Advertiser (Adelaide). South Australia. 25 June 1938. p. 26. Retrieved 9 February 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  15. ^ a b c Payne, Pauline (1996). Thebarton: Old and New. Thebarton City Council. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-646-30157-0. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  16. ^ a b "Southwark Bitter". Beer Adelaide. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  17. ^ Francis, Rosemary (2000). "Frank Kenneth Milne". Australian Dictionary of Biography. ANU. Retrieved 21 April 2024. This article was published in hardcopy in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 15, (Melbourne University Press), 2000
  18. ^ "Architect Details: Frank Kenneth Milne (F. Kenneth Milne)". Architects of South Australia. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  19. ^ "Building Details". Architects of South Australia. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  20. ^ "Nathan Beer Renamed: 'Same Brew'". The News (Adelaide). Vol. 57, no. 8, 818. South Australia. 12 November 1951. p. 2. Retrieved 30 December 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  21. ^ West End Draught 2 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Lion Nathan website, retrieved 2008-10-10.
  22. ^ a b Kelsall, Thomas (16 June 2021). "What we know today, Thursday June 17: West End Brewery closes doors". InDaily. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  23. ^ "RenewalSA reaches deal for West End brewery". ABC News. 24 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  24. ^ a b c Sutton, Malcolm (5 October 2021). "The Eagles' back-to-back triumph given 'replica' honours on alternative SANFL chimney". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  25. ^ . West End Draught. Chimney Ceremony. Archived from the original on 3 September 2009.
  26. ^ "Port have it in black and white". The News (Adelaide). Vol. 63, no. 9, 718. South Australia. 4 October 1954. p. 22. Retrieved 4 October 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  27. ^ "West End Brewery, Hindley Street" (Photo + text). State Library of South Australia. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  28. ^ Milbank, Zac (20 October 2020). "2020 West End Chimney Ceremony Replay". SANFL. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  29. ^ "SANFL's new tradition for Chimney Unveiling Ceremony". SANFL. 3 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  30. ^ Sutton, Malcolm (6 August 2021). "Crowds return for SANFL as the Brickworks kiln is flagged as new grand finalists tower". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  31. ^ "Culture war: getting the lowdown on Showdown". InDaily. 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2021.

Bibliography edit

  • Deutsher, Keith M. (2012). The Breweries of Australia (2nd ed.). Glebe, NSW: Beer & Brewer Media. ISBN 9780987395214.

Further reading edit

January 01, 1970
south, australian, brewing, company, other, uses, name, west, brewery, west, brewery, limited, brewery, located, thebarton, inner, west, suburb, adelaide, south, australia, subsidiary, lion, which, turn, owned, kirin, japan, based, beverage, company, manufactu. For other uses of the name West End Brewery see West End Brewery The South Australian Brewing Company Limited was a brewery located in Thebarton an inner west suburb of Adelaide South Australia It is a subsidiary of Lion which in turn is owned by Kirin a Japan based beverage company 1 It manufactures West End Draught beer West End brewery building Hindley Street S side c 1920 The company was created in 1888 as the South Australian Brewing Malting and Wine and Spirit Company from an amalgamation of the West End Brewery in Hindley Street Adelaide city centre the Kent Town Brewery and the wine and spirit merchants Rounsevell amp Simms 2 In 1938 the company took over the Walkerville Brewery in 1938 whose main site was at 107 Port Road Thebarton the original site of Torrenside Brewery established in 1886 The company s operations continued at its two factories on Hindley Street and Thebarton with the Thebarton site becoming known as the Nathan Brewery after the takeover in 1838 then again reverting to its former name Southwark Brewery before being rebadged the West End Brewery after the Hindley Street premises closed in 1980 The Thebarton brewery closed in June 2021 1 Contents 1 19th century foundation 2 20th century 2 1 1938 Walkerville Nathan takeover 2 2 1980 Hindley St site closed 2 3 1993 Lion acquisition 3 21st century 4 Football 4 1 Chimney painting 4 2 AFL Showdown 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Bibliography 7 Further reading19th century foundation edit nbsp West End Brewery southern side of Hindley Street West c 1888 The South Australian Brewing Company was established in February 1888 as the South Australian Brewing Malting and Wine and Spirit Company 3 4 by the amalgamation of Sir Edwin Thomas Smith s Kent Town Brewery William Knox Simms s West End Brewery and the wine and spirit merchants Rounsevell amp Simms Ben Rounsevell and Alfred Simms The managing directors of the new company were Robert Alfred Stock Alfred Simms and W B Ben Rounsevell Provisional directors were Edwin Smith W K Simms W B Rounsevell R A Stock Alfred Simms Charles H T Hart and Frank Rymill of Adelaide and Hon N Fitzgerald John Robb Malcolm McEacharn John B Watson and John McIlwraith brother of Thomas McIlwraith of Melbourne 5 The new company set about enlarging the brewing facilities at West End and centring the malting work at Kent Town 6 It began a campaign of purchasing hotels freehold or leasehold and by the end of the 1880s had a stranglehold on the Adelaide market owning 44 hotels and leasing 65 7 In 1893 they sold off their wine and spirit business to A E amp F Tolley Pty Ltd and Milne amp Co and the name was changed to South Australian Brewing Company Limited 6 8 20th century edit nbsp West End Brewery Adelaide in 1925 Robert Stock Edwin Smith s brother in law and manager of the Kent Town Brewery became chairman of the board and general manager of SA Brewing Stock died in 1904 and Samuel Jacobs served from 1904 to 1937 Jacobs son later Sir Roland Jacobs was managing director from 1948 to 1967 7 The black and red colours of the SA Brewing Company came about after the West Adelaide Football Club whose colours are black and red defeated Port Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League SANFL 1911 Grand Final and defeated VFL premiers Essendon in the Championship of Australia play off at Adelaide Oval shortly afterwards in the same year 9 In 1927 T A Nation was the brewer and G B Bryant the general manager His board of directors comprised S J Jacobs later managing director Sir Lancelot Stirling K C M G Edward Fitzgerald LL D and H W Morphett 10 1938 Walkerville Nathan takeover edit nbsp West End Brewery building 1982 nbsp West End Brewery 1982 The Walkerville Cooperative Brewery which produced the popular Nathan beers 11 12 was taken over by the South Australian Brewing Company in 1938 13 14 after which operations were concentrated on the old Torrenside Brewery established 1886 a precursor of Walkerville Brewery 4 15 The brewery was renamed Nathan Brewery to remove the Walkerville s Southwark branding 16 in 1939 15 In 1941 architect F Kenneth Milne who was contracted to the company from 1912 until 1946 17 was responsible for upgrading the Hindley Street building 18 19 From 1949 the brewery was again renamed Southwark Brewery 4 15 administration was centralised at Hindley Street and in November 1951 Walkerville s Nathan beer Bitter was renamed Southwark beer Bitter Southwark Bitter actually a lager became the most well known product 16 20 From 1955 operations were split between the company s two major factories with the West End Brewery in Hindley Street making only draught beer in kegs bottled beer only was produced in the Thebarton plant citation needed Until 1974 when the Whitlam government revised the Trade Practices Act they were legally able to dispense only the company s beer in their pubs 7 1980 Hindley St site closed edit In 1980 faced with mounting problems with traffic on West Terrace and ageing and inefficient equipment not to mention the rapidly increasing value of City land the original West End Brewery closed and the property sold 7 operations moved to the Southwark Brewery in Thebarton which was rebadged West End The old Hindley Street building was demolished in 1983 and in 1993 Lion Nathan took over the West End brands 8 1993 Lion acquisition edit Prior to the acquisition of the brewing assets by Lion Nathan in 1993 SA Brewing split its brewing assets into SA Brewing Holdings and its diversified operations were formed into a new listed company named Southcorp One of Southcorp s major assets was Southcorp Wines acquired from the Adelaide Steamship Company in 1990 and subsequently acquired by Lion Nathan s main Australian rival the Foster s Group citation needed 21st century editWest End Draught was the largest selling beer in South Australia in 2007 West End Draught is a 4 5 abv pale lager first brewed in 1859 21 In October 2020 it was announced that the Thebarton brewery would be closing in June 2021 with the loss of over 90 jobs 8 It finally closed at close of business on 17 June 2021 with about a third of the workforce mainly those in sales and sponsorship roles staying on with the company in South Australia Artefacts in the on site museum were catalogued and donated to the State Library of South Australia and other local institutions 22 The South Australian Government purchased the 8 4 hectares 21 acres Thebarton site from Lion Nathan for 61 5 million in 2023 intending to develop it with over 1 000 homes of which 20 would be economical residential The site is within 2 km of the CBD and is well serviced by trams 23 The West End Brewery chimney tower has been heritage listed and will be preserved when the site is redeveloped 22 Football edit nbsp 2020 SANFL Premier Woodville West Torrens Eagles colours above runner up North Adelaide s colours Chimney painting edit The tradition of painting the brewery chimney with the team colours of the South Australian National Football League SANFL premiership team began in 1954 24 when a West Adelaide player and employee Clarrie Cannon 7 suggested painting the chimney in the West Adelaide Football Club colours red and black as the West End Brewery then still in Hindley Street 24 was located in their territory General manager C R Aitken agreed but only if West Adelaide was the winning team that year However Port Adelaide Football Club coach and captain Fos Williams said that he expected his team to win and the men agreed that if Port Adelaide won their colours would be painted on the chimney Port Adelaide won that year so the chimney was painted in black and white vertical stripes but Williams suggested that a red stripe be painted below the black to honour the runners up 25 26 The tradition of painting the colours of the premier and runners up was maintained at the Hindley Street premises until its closure in 1980 24 before transferring to the Thebarton site 27 7 which was rebadged West End 8 It continued there until the last finals before the closure of the brewery in 2020 with the Woodville West Torrens Eagles colours aloft 28 The tradition of painting a chimney in the two teams colours would continue at the Hoffmann Kiln at the Brickworks Marketplace in nearby Torrensville from 2021 29 with the cost of the painting continuing to be borne by Lion 30 AFL Showdown edit SA Brewing was the original sponsor of the Showdown in the Australian Football League in 1997 and is one of the sponsors of the Slowdown charity football match 31 7 See also edit nbsp Beer portal nbsp South Australia portal nbsp Companies portal Australian pub Beer in Australia List of breweries in Australia South Australian food and drinkReferences editNotes edit a b Beer Adelaide www beeradelaide com Retrieved 12 March 2024 Thebarton Brewery Port Road Australia S A 11 July 2019 South Australian Brewing Co Ltd Adelaidia adelaidia history sa gov au Retrieved 12 March 2024 Our story West End Retrieved 6 October 2021 a b c History West End Archived from the original on 24 February 2013 Retrieved 14 December 2020 Advertising South Australian Register Supplement Vol LIII no 12 880 South Australia 24 February 1888 p 1 Retrieved 25 October 2017 via National Library of Australia a b South Australian Brewing Company The Advertiser Adelaide Vol XXXV no 10722 28 February 1893 p 6 Retrieved 18 December 2017 via National Library of Australia a b c d e f g Alison Painter South Australian Brewing Co Ltd SA History Hub History Trust of South Australia Retrieved 20 May 2017 a b c d Richardson Tom 13 October 2020 End of the West End tears flow for historic brewery as Lion quits SA InDaily Retrieved 13 December 2020 West Adelaide Football Club Australian Football Retrieved 6 October 2021 Captains of Industry The News Adelaide Vol VIII no 1 167 South Australia 11 April 1927 p 6 Retrieved 26 June 2016 via National Library of Australia Early Breweries The Mail Adelaide Vol 15 no 757 South Australia 27 November 1926 p 17 Retrieved 28 June 2016 via National Library of Australia Amalgamation of Breweries The Express and Telegraph Vol XXXV no 10 425 South Australia 26 July 1898 p 2 Retrieved 28 June 2016 via National Library of Australia More Capital for S A Brewing Co The News Adelaide Vol XXXI no 4 670 South Australia 13 July 1938 p 12 Retrieved 28 June 2016 via National Library of Australia Big Brewery Deal The Advertiser Adelaide South Australia 25 June 1938 p 26 Retrieved 9 February 2018 via National Library of Australia a b c Payne Pauline 1996 Thebarton Old and New Thebarton City Council p 76 ISBN 978 0 646 30157 0 Retrieved 7 October 2021 a b Southwark Bitter Beer Adelaide Retrieved 14 December 2020 Francis Rosemary 2000 Frank Kenneth Milne Australian Dictionary of Biography ANU Retrieved 21 April 2024 This article was published in hardcopy in Australian Dictionary of Biography Volume 15 Melbourne University Press 2000 Architect Details Frank Kenneth Milne F Kenneth Milne Architects of South Australia Retrieved 15 December 2020 Building Details Architects of South Australia Retrieved 15 December 2020 Nathan Beer Renamed Same Brew The News Adelaide Vol 57 no 8 818 South Australia 12 November 1951 p 2 Retrieved 30 December 2017 via National Library of Australia West End Draught Archived 2 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine Lion Nathan website retrieved 2008 10 10 a b Kelsall Thomas 16 June 2021 What we know today Thursday June 17 West End Brewery closes doors InDaily Retrieved 16 July 2021 RenewalSA reaches deal for West End brewery ABC News 24 September 2023 Retrieved 25 September 2023 a b c Sutton Malcolm 5 October 2021 The Eagles back to back triumph given replica honours on alternative SANFL chimney ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 6 October 2021 The beer Sponsorships Community West End Draught Chimney Ceremony Archived from the original on 3 September 2009 Port have it in black and white The News Adelaide Vol 63 no 9 718 South Australia 4 October 1954 p 22 Retrieved 4 October 2021 via National Library of Australia West End Brewery Hindley Street Photo text State Library of South Australia Retrieved 6 October 2021 Milbank Zac 20 October 2020 2020 West End Chimney Ceremony Replay SANFL Retrieved 4 October 2021 SANFL s new tradition for Chimney Unveiling Ceremony SANFL 3 October 2021 Retrieved 4 October 2021 Sutton Malcolm 6 August 2021 Crowds return for SANFL as the Brickworks kiln is flagged as new grand finalists tower ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 4 October 2021 Culture war getting the lowdown on Showdown InDaily 6 August 2021 Retrieved 6 October 2021 Bibliography edit Deutsher Keith M 2012 The Breweries of Australia 2nd ed Glebe NSW Beer amp Brewer Media ISBN 9780987395214 Further reading editManning Geoff An Essay on Breweries State Library of South Australia Taken from Geoffrey H Manning s A Colonial Experience 2001 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title South Australian Brewing Company amp oldid 1220019011, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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