The garklein recorder in C, also known as the sopranissimo recorder or piccolo recorder, is the smallest size of the recorder family. Its range is C6–A7 (C8).[citation needed] The name garklein is German for "quite small", and is also sometimes used to describe the sopranino in G.[1] Although some modern German makers use the single-word form Garkleinflötlein, this is without historical precedent.[2] Double holes for the two lowest notes (used on the larger recorders to achieve a fully chromatic scale) are uncommon. The instrument is usually notated in the treble clef two octaves lower than its actual sound. The garklein recorder is only about 16 to 18 cm long and is different from larger recorders in that it is usually made in one piece due to its size.
One-piece garklein recorder, next to a three-piece soprano recorder
This very small recorder was unknown before the Baroque era, but a one-handed zuffolo with three front finger holes and one thumb hole is described by Michael Praetorius in his Syntagma Musicum, where it is called gar kleine[s] Plockfloetlein (a very small little recorder). Praetorius says it is about three to four Brunswick inches long.[3] Praetorius's descriptive expression is the source of the name given by modern makers to their recorders in C6. Correctly describing Praetorius's gar klein Flötlein as der höchsten Schnabelflötenart mit nur vier Grifflöchern (the highest type of fipple flute, with only four finger holes), Curt Sachs equated this instrument with the flauto alla vigesima seconda specified by Claudio Monteverdi in the 1607 score of his opera L'Orfeo. Because Praetorius gives the sounding pitch of the instrument's lowest note as C6 in Plate IX of the supplement to Syntagma Musicum 2, Sachs associated the name with gar klein as used by organ builders to refer to the so-called "one-foot" or "third-octave" register.[4] Today, Monteverdi's instrument is generally assumed to be the sopranino in G5,[5] the smallest true recorder described by Praetorius, which he calls exilent (topmost) in Latin and klein flöttlein (small little flute) in German. Adding to the confusion, however, he also uses the expression klein flöttlein for the one-handed zuffolo.[6][7][8][9])
The earliest-known example of a true recorder in C6 is an ivory instrument by a Nuremberg maker identified by the mark "M", dating from about 1670.[10]
In comparison to larger recorders, the fingering is relatively difficult because of the very tight hole spacing.
Frans von Twaalfhoven produced an even smaller piccolino recorder in F.[11] The experimental piccolino plays a fourth higher than the garklein. Designed as jewellery (brooch and necklet pendant), there is an even smaller recorder, available from the Mollenhauer company in castello boxwood, rosewood, tulipwood, or grenadilla, that is actually playable.[12]
Bär, Frank P. 2002. Holzblasinstrumente im 16. und frühen 17. Jahrhundert: Familienbildung und Musiktheorie. Tübinger Beiträge zur Musikwissenschaft 24. Tutzing: Hans Schneider. ISBN9783795210458.
Lander, Nicholas S. 1996–2018. "Recorder Home Page: History: Innovations". Recorder Home Page (accessed 11 August 2018).
Hunt, Edgar. 1988. "Syntagma Musicum II, Parts 1 and 2 of De Organographia by Michael Praetorius; David Z. Crookes" (review). The Galpin Society Journal 41 (October): 142–144.
Lasocki, David. 2001b. "Recorder". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan.
Praetorius, Michael. 1619a. Syntagmatis Musici Michaelis Praetorii C. Tomus Secundus De Organographia. Wolfenbüttel: Elias Holwein, in Verlegung des Autoris.
Reuter, Christoph. 2002. Klangfarbe und Instrumentation: Geschichte, Ursachen, Wirkung. Systemische Musikwissenschaft 5. Bern: Peter Lang. ISBN9783631502723.
Sachs, Curt. 1913. Real-Lexikon der Musikinstrumente, zugleich ein Polyglossar für das gesamtr Instrumentengebiet. Berlin: Julius Bard.
Thalheimer, Peter [in German] (1990). "Aspekte zur Geschichte der Blockflöte in c´´´" (PDF). Tibia [de] (in German). Vol. 15, no. 3. pp. 202–205 – via Moeck Musikinstrumente + Verlag.
Further readingedit
Baines, Anthony C. 1967. Woodwind Instruments and Their History, third edition, with a foreword by Sir Adrian Boult. London: Faber and Faber. Reprinted with corrections, 1977. This edition reissued, Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 1991, and reprinted again in 2012. ISBN978-0-486-26885-9.
Griscom, Richard W., and David Lasocki. 2013. The Recorder: A Research and Information Guide, third edition. Routledge Music Bibliographies. Routledge. ISBN9781135839321.
Praetorius, Michael. 1619b. Syntagmatis Musici Michaelis Praetorii C. Tomus Tertius. Wolfenbüttel: Elias Holwein.
January 01, 1970
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The garklein recorder in C also known as the sopranissimo recorder or piccolo recorder is the smallest size of the recorder family Its range is C6 A7 C8 citation needed The name garklein is German for quite small and is also sometimes used to describe the sopranino in G 1 Although some modern German makers use the single word form Garkleinflotlein this is without historical precedent 2 Double holes for the two lowest notes used on the larger recorders to achieve a fully chromatic scale are uncommon The instrument is usually notated in the treble clef two octaves lower than its actual sound The garklein recorder is only about 16 to 18 cm long and is different from larger recorders in that it is usually made in one piece due to its size One piece garklein recorder next to a three piece soprano recorder This very small recorder was unknown before the Baroque era but a one handed zuffolo with three front finger holes and one thumb hole is described by Michael Praetorius in his Syntagma Musicum where it is called gar kleine s Plockfloetlein a very small little recorder Praetorius says it is about three to four Brunswick inches long 3 Praetorius s descriptive expression is the source of the name given by modern makers to their recorders in C6 Correctly describing Praetorius s gar klein Flotlein as der hochsten Schnabelflotenart mit nur vier Grifflochern the highest type of fipple flute with only four finger holes Curt Sachs equated this instrument with the flauto alla vigesima seconda specified by Claudio Monteverdi in the 1607 score of his opera L Orfeo Because Praetorius gives the sounding pitch of the instrument s lowest note as C6 in Plate IX of the supplement to Syntagma Musicum 2 Sachs associated the name with gar klein as used by organ builders to refer to the so called one foot or third octave register 4 Today Monteverdi s instrument is generally assumed to be the sopranino in G5 5 the smallest true recorder described by Praetorius which he calls exilent topmost in Latin and klein flottlein small little flute in German Adding to the confusion however he also uses the expression klein flottlein for the one handed zuffolo 6 7 8 9 The earliest known example of a true recorder in C6 is an ivory instrument by a Nuremberg maker identified by the mark M dating from about 1670 10 In comparison to larger recorders the fingering is relatively difficult because of the very tight hole spacing Frans von Twaalfhoven produced an even smaller piccolino recorder in F 11 The experimental piccolino plays a fourth higher than the garklein Designed as jewellery brooch and necklet pendant there is an even smaller recorder available from the Mollenhauer company in castello boxwood rosewood tulipwood or grenadilla that is actually playable 12 References edit Reuter 2002 81 Bar 2002 152n1 Praetorius 1619a 34 and supplement plate IX Sachs 1913 142 Lasocki 2001a Praetorius 1619a 13 21 34 Hunt 1988 143 Lasocki 2001b Sachs 1913 50 Thalheimer 1990 203 Lander 1996 2018 Anon 2018 Sources Anon 2018 Miniature Recorders advertisement Conrad Mollenhauer GmbH accessed 11 August 2018 Bar Frank P 2002 Holzblasinstrumente im 16 und fruhen 17 Jahrhundert Familienbildung und Musiktheorie Tubinger Beitrage zur Musikwissenschaft 24 Tutzing Hans Schneider ISBN 9783795210458 Lander Nicholas S 1996 2018 Recorder Home Page History Innovations Recorder Home Page accessed 11 August 2018 Hunt Edgar 1988 Syntagma Musicum II Parts 1 and 2 of De Organographia by Michael Praetorius David Z Crookes review The Galpin Society Journal 41 October 142 144 Lasocki David 2001a Flautino i The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Lasocki David 2001b Recorder The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Praetorius Michael 1619a Syntagmatis Musici Michaelis Praetorii C Tomus Secundus De Organographia Wolfenbuttel Elias Holwein in Verlegung des Autoris Reuter Christoph 2002 Klangfarbe und Instrumentation Geschichte Ursachen Wirkung Systemische Musikwissenschaft 5 Bern Peter Lang ISBN 9783631502723 Sachs Curt 1913 Real Lexikon der Musikinstrumente zugleich ein Polyglossar fur das gesamtr Instrumentengebiet Berlin Julius Bard Thalheimer Peter in German 1990 Aspekte zur Geschichte der Blockflote in c PDF Tibia de in German Vol 15 no 3 pp 202 205 via Moeck Musikinstrumente Verlag Further reading editBaines Anthony C 1967 Woodwind Instruments and Their History third edition with a foreword by Sir Adrian Boult London Faber and Faber Reprinted with corrections 1977 This edition reissued Mineola New York Dover Publications 1991 and reprinted again in 2012 ISBN 978 0 486 26885 9 Griscom Richard W and David Lasocki 2013 The Recorder A Research and Information Guide third edition Routledge Music Bibliographies Routledge ISBN 9781135839321 Praetorius Michael 1619b Syntagmatis Musici Michaelis Praetorii C Tomus Tertius Wolfenbuttel Elias Holwein Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Garklein recorder amp oldid 1207556274, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
