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Sitting volleyball classification

January 01, 1970

Sitting volleyball classification is the classification system for sitting volleyball. Only people with lower leg paralysis or lower leg extremity amputations are eligible to compete. The sport is governed by World Paravolley [formerly known as World Organization Volleyball for the Disabled]].

Definition edit

 
The 1998 USA Paralympic men's sitting volleyball team

Sitting volleyball allows for multiple classifications but players effectively play in one class, with eligibility for the sport limited to people with lower leg paralysis or lower leg extremity amputations.[1] This sport has rules that were designed specifically for people with disabilities in mind.[2] Classifications for this sport are based on functional mobility.[3] In total there are three types of classification, whereby only two are eligible to play at international competitions. They are, Disabled (D class), Minimally Disabled (MD), and Abled-Bodied (AB), where the latter is ineligible to play.[4]

Governance edit

The sport's classification process is governed by the World Organization Volleyball for the Disabled.[5]

History edit

By the early 1990s, sitting volleyball classification had moved away from medical based system to a functional classification system.[6] Because of issues in objectively identifying functionality that plagued the post Barcelona Games, the IPC unveiled plans to develop a new classification system in 2003. This classification system went into effect in 2007, and defined ten different disability types that were eligible to participate on the Paralympic level. It required that classification be sport specific, and served two roles. The first was that it determined eligibility to participate in the sport and that it created specific groups of sportspeople who were eligible to participate and in which class. The IPC left it up to International Federations to develop their own classification systems within this framework, with the specification that their classification systems use an evidence based approach developed through research.[6]

Eligibility edit

People with physical disabilities are eligible to compete in this sport.[7] In competitions that are non-sanctioned, such as national cup and league matches, people without disabilities may compete.[4]

Process edit

At the 1996 Summer Paralympics, on the spot classification required that classifiers have access to medical equipment like Snellen charts, reflex hammers, and goniometers to properly classify competitors.[8]

For Australian competitors in this sport, the sport is not supported by the Australian Paralympic Committee.[9] There are three types of classification available for Australian competitors: Provisional, national and international. The first is for club level competitions, the second for state and national competitions, and the third for international competitions.[10]

At the Paralympic Games edit

At the 1992 Summer Paralympics, two types of volleyball were played including sitting and amputee, with classification being run through ISOD.[11] At the 2000 Summer Paralympics, 26 assessments were conducted at the Games. This resulted in 1 class change.[12]

For the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, the International Paralympic Committee had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training preparations. All competitors needed to be internationally classified with their classification status confirmed prior to the Games, with exceptions to this policy being dealt with on a case-by-case basis.[13] In case there was a need for classification or reclassification at the Games despite best efforts otherwise, sitting volleyball classification was scheduled for September 5 and September 6 at Riocentro-Pavilion 6. For sportspeople with physical or intellectual disabilities going through classification or reclassification in Rio, their in competition observation event is their first appearance in competition at the Games.[13]

Future edit

Going forward, disability sport's major classification body, the International Paralympic Committee, is working on improving classification to be more of an evidence-based system as opposed to a performance-based system so as not to punish elite athletes whose performance makes them appear in a higher class alongside competitors who train less.[14]

References edit

  1. ^ Vernon Lin; Christopher Bono; Diana Cardenas; Frederick Frost; Laurie Lindblom; Margaret Hammond; Inder Parkash; Stevens Stiens; Robert Woolsey (19 March 2010). Spinal Cord Medicine: Principles & Practice. Demos Medical Publishing. p. 810. ISBN 978-1-933864-19-8. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  2. ^ Robert C. Schenck (1999). Athletic Training and Sports Medicine. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 818. ISBN 978-0-89203-172-6. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  3. ^ Jan Broekhoff (June 1986). The 1984 Olympic Scientific Congress proceedings: Eugene, Ore., 19–26 July 1984 : (also: OSC proceedings). Human Kinetics Publishers. ISBN 978-0-87322-006-4. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  4. ^ a b Ng, Kwok (2012). When Sitting is Not Resting: Sitting Volleyball. Bloomington, IL: Authorhouse. p. 152. ISBN 978-1-4772-1789-4.
  5. ^ Ian Brittain (4 August 2009). The Paralympic Games Explained. Taylor & Francis. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-415-47658-4. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  6. ^ a b Vanlandewijck, Yves C.; Thompson, Walter R. (2016-06-01). Training and Coaching the Paralympic Athlete. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781119045120.
  7. ^ "Layman's Guide to Paralympic Classification" (PDF). Bonn, Germany: International Paralympic Committee. p. 13. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  8. ^ Doll-Tepper, Gudrun; Kröner, Michael; Sonnenschein, Werner; International Paralympic Committee, Sport Science Committee (2001). "Organisation and Administration of the Classification Process for the Paralympics". New Horizons in sport for athletes with a disability : proceedings of the International VISTA '99 Conference, Cologne, Germany, 28 August-1 September 1999. Vol. 1. Oxford (UK): Meyer & Meyer Sport. pp. 379–392. ISBN 1841260363. OCLC 48404898.
  9. ^ . Homebush Bay, New South Wales: Australian Paralympic Committee. 2012. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  10. ^ "What is Classification?". Sydney, Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  11. ^ DePauw, Karen P; Gavron, Susan J (1995). Disability and sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p. 128. ISBN 0873228480. OCLC 31710003.
  12. ^ Cashman, Richard I; Darcy, Simon; University of Technology, Sydney. Australian Centre for Olympic Studies (2008). Benchmark games : the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games. Petersham, N.S.W.: Walla Walla Press in conjunction with the Australian Centre for Olympic Studies University of Technology, Sydney. p. 152.
  13. ^ a b "Rio 2016 Classification Guide" (PDF). International Paralympic Committee. International Paralympic Committee. March 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  14. ^ "Classification History". Bonn, Germany: International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 30 July 2012.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sitting volleyball.

January 01, 1970
sitting, volleyball, classification, classification, system, sitting, volleyball, only, people, with, lower, paralysis, lower, extremity, amputations, eligible, compete, sport, governed, world, paravolley, formerly, known, world, organization, volleyball, disa. Sitting volleyball classification is the classification system for sitting volleyball Only people with lower leg paralysis or lower leg extremity amputations are eligible to compete The sport is governed by World Paravolley formerly known as World Organization Volleyball for the Disabled Contents 1 Definition 2 Governance 3 History 4 Eligibility 5 Process 6 At the Paralympic Games 7 Future 8 References 9 External linksDefinition edit nbsp The 1998 USA Paralympic men s sitting volleyball team Sitting volleyball allows for multiple classifications but players effectively play in one class with eligibility for the sport limited to people with lower leg paralysis or lower leg extremity amputations 1 This sport has rules that were designed specifically for people with disabilities in mind 2 Classifications for this sport are based on functional mobility 3 In total there are three types of classification whereby only two are eligible to play at international competitions They are Disabled D class Minimally Disabled MD and Abled Bodied AB where the latter is ineligible to play 4 Governance editThe sport s classification process is governed by the World Organization Volleyball for the Disabled 5 History editBy the early 1990s sitting volleyball classification had moved away from medical based system to a functional classification system 6 Because of issues in objectively identifying functionality that plagued the post Barcelona Games the IPC unveiled plans to develop a new classification system in 2003 This classification system went into effect in 2007 and defined ten different disability types that were eligible to participate on the Paralympic level It required that classification be sport specific and served two roles The first was that it determined eligibility to participate in the sport and that it created specific groups of sportspeople who were eligible to participate and in which class The IPC left it up to International Federations to develop their own classification systems within this framework with the specification that their classification systems use an evidence based approach developed through research 6 Eligibility editPeople with physical disabilities are eligible to compete in this sport 7 In competitions that are non sanctioned such as national cup and league matches people without disabilities may compete 4 Process editAt the 1996 Summer Paralympics on the spot classification required that classifiers have access to medical equipment like Snellen charts reflex hammers and goniometers to properly classify competitors 8 For Australian competitors in this sport the sport is not supported by the Australian Paralympic Committee 9 There are three types of classification available for Australian competitors Provisional national and international The first is for club level competitions the second for state and national competitions and the third for international competitions 10 At the Paralympic Games editAt the 1992 Summer Paralympics two types of volleyball were played including sitting and amputee with classification being run through ISOD 11 At the 2000 Summer Paralympics 26 assessments were conducted at the Games This resulted in 1 class change 12 For the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio the International Paralympic Committee had a zero classification at the Games policy This policy was put into place in 2014 with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training preparations All competitors needed to be internationally classified with their classification status confirmed prior to the Games with exceptions to this policy being dealt with on a case by case basis 13 In case there was a need for classification or reclassification at the Games despite best efforts otherwise sitting volleyball classification was scheduled for September 5 and September 6 at Riocentro Pavilion 6 For sportspeople with physical or intellectual disabilities going through classification or reclassification in Rio their in competition observation event is their first appearance in competition at the Games 13 Future editGoing forward disability sport s major classification body the International Paralympic Committee is working on improving classification to be more of an evidence based system as opposed to a performance based system so as not to punish elite athletes whose performance makes them appear in a higher class alongside competitors who train less 14 References edit Vernon Lin Christopher Bono Diana Cardenas Frederick Frost Laurie Lindblom Margaret Hammond Inder Parkash Stevens Stiens Robert Woolsey 19 March 2010 Spinal Cord Medicine Principles amp Practice Demos Medical Publishing p 810 ISBN 978 1 933864 19 8 Retrieved 21 August 2012 Robert C Schenck 1999 Athletic Training and Sports Medicine Jones amp Bartlett Learning p 818 ISBN 978 0 89203 172 6 Retrieved 21 August 2012 Jan Broekhoff June 1986 The 1984 Olympic Scientific Congress proceedings Eugene Ore 19 26 July 1984 also OSC proceedings Human Kinetics Publishers ISBN 978 0 87322 006 4 Retrieved 21 August 2012 a b Ng Kwok 2012 When Sitting is Not Resting Sitting Volleyball Bloomington IL Authorhouse p 152 ISBN 978 1 4772 1789 4 Ian Brittain 4 August 2009 The Paralympic Games Explained Taylor amp Francis p 40 ISBN 978 0 415 47658 4 Retrieved 21 August 2012 a b Vanlandewijck Yves C Thompson Walter R 2016 06 01 Training and Coaching the Paralympic Athlete John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 9781119045120 Layman s Guide to Paralympic Classification PDF Bonn Germany International Paralympic Committee p 13 Retrieved 19 August 2012 Doll Tepper Gudrun Kroner Michael Sonnenschein Werner International Paralympic Committee Sport Science Committee 2001 Organisation and Administration of the Classification Process for the Paralympics New Horizons in sport for athletes with a disability proceedings of the International VISTA 99 Conference Cologne Germany 28 August 1 September 1999 Vol 1 Oxford UK Meyer amp Meyer Sport pp 379 392 ISBN 1841260363 OCLC 48404898 Summer Sports Homebush Bay New South Wales Australian Paralympic Committee 2012 Archived from the original on 15 August 2012 Retrieved 19 August 2012 What is Classification Sydney Australia Australian Paralympic Committee Retrieved 30 July 2012 DePauw Karen P Gavron Susan J 1995 Disability and sport Champaign IL Human Kinetics p 128 ISBN 0873228480 OCLC 31710003 Cashman Richard I Darcy Simon University of Technology Sydney Australian Centre for Olympic Studies 2008 Benchmark games the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games Petersham N S W Walla Walla Press in conjunction with the Australian Centre for Olympic Studies University of Technology Sydney p 152 a b Rio 2016 Classification Guide PDF International Paralympic Committee International Paralympic Committee March 2016 Retrieved July 22 2016 Classification History Bonn Germany International Paralympic Committee Retrieved 30 July 2012 External links edit nbsp Sports portal nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sitting volleyball Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sitting volleyball classification amp oldid 1086370224, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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