Signhildsberg (historically Fornsigtuna, where forn means ancient, Old Sigtuna, Sithun, Signesberg) is a manor that formerly was a royal estate (Uppsala öd), located in the parish of Håtuna approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west of the modern town of Sigtuna, by Lake Mälaren in Sweden. Although the location is nearly forgotten, it has a central role in Norse mythology, according to which it was founded by the Norse god Odin.
The name Sigtuna is contested. According to one theory, it is a compound name where the second element is -tuna and the first one is either of two closely related dialectal words, viz. sig meaning "seeping water" or "swamp" or sik meaning "swamp". As a basis for this intpretation, a brook south of Signhildsberg has been mentioned, or the fact that the estate was surrounded by marshy terrain.[1]
Odin took up his residence at the Maelare lake, at the place now called Old Sigtun. There he erected a large temple, where there were sacrifices according to the customs of the Asaland people. He appropriated to himself the whole of that district, and called it Sigtun. To the temple priests he gave also domains. Njord dwelt in Noatun, Freyr in Upsala, Heimdal in the Himinbergs, Thor in Thrudvang, Balder in Breidablik; to all of them he gave good estates.[4]
Later the pirate Sölve arrived at Old Sigtuna to claim the Swedish throne:
Solve came unexpectedly in the night on Eystein (Östen), surrounded the house in which the king was, and burned him and all his court. Then Solve went to Sigtun, and desired that the Swedes should receive him, and give him the title of king; but they collected an army, and tried to defend the country against him, on which there was a great battle, that lasted, according to report, eleven days. There King Solve was victorious, and was afterwards king of the Swedish dominions for a long time, until at last the Swedes betrayed him, and he was killed.[5]
King Olaf steered thereafter eastwards to Svithjod, and into the Lag (the Mælar lake), and ravaged the land on both sides. He sailed all the way up to Sigtuna, and laid his ships close to the old Sigtuna. The Swedes say the stone-heaps are still to be seen which Olaf had laid under the ends of the gangways from the shore to the ships.[6]
They likewise held the god Frey to be the founder of their race. Amongst these from the town of Sigtun also came Sigmund, a champion advocate, versed in making contracts of sale and purchase; besides him Frosti surnamed Bowl: allied with him was Alf the Lofty (Proud?) from the district of Upsala; this man was a swift spear-thrower, and used to go in the front of the battle.[12]
Archaeology
There are two large ruins that had been two large three-aisled halls, a series of terraces just above the shore-line of the Germanic Iron Age, traces of a harbour, a large mound and a number of smaller grave fields. Excavations have dated the remains to the Vendel Age, part of the Germanic Iron Age, and the Viking Age, i.e., from the 6th century until the 11th century.[13]
History
It was an Iron Age and mediaeval royal estate (see Uppsala öd) and it was located strategically at the waterway to Old Uppsala and the Temple at Uppsala. In the 10th century, the name was transferred to modern Sigtuna, which apparently assumed many of its functions.
It is mentioned in the 1170s when Pope Alexander III addresses king Knut Eriksson and JarlBirger Brosa (Svenskt Diplomatarium I nr 852. Originalbrev). The pope demands that they return to the archbishop of Uppsala (until 1270 the name referred to Gamla Uppsala) the villages Strom (Ström in the parish of Norrsunda), Fornesitune and Guazbro (probably Vadsbro). The villages had earlier belonged to the bishop of Sigtuna, but they had been confiscated by the crown when the bishopric had been moved to Gamla Uppsala.
In 1299, Birger Magnusson, the son of Magnus Ladulås, spent some time in Old Sigtuna as one of his letters was written in Sightonia Antiqua (in Malmberg, Ernst: Svenska slott och herresäten) or apud antiquam Sightoniam[14] The difference seems to be a matter of presenting the name in the nominal case or preserving the case in which the name appeared in the original text.
In 1315, according to Svenskt Diplomatarium (SD) III nr 2032 (s.228), Erik Magnusson was bestowed a part of Old Sigtuna, which is called Siktonia vetus (vetus being Latin for "old"). Neighbouring properties are also named: Norgungi (Norränge in Håtuna) and Frötunum (Frötuna in Håbo-Tibble)[15]
In 1541, according to Kammar-ark.: jordeböcker, Uppland 1541 nr 5, the location is named as one of Gustav I Vasa's estates and spelled Forsictuna, Foorsictuna and Fforssiiktwna (in Malmberg, Ernst: Svenska slott och herresäten).
In 1542, according to Gustav Vasas jordebok are mentioned Foorsictuna and Norringe (Norränge)[14]
In 1551, according to Sven Nielssons jordebok för Stäkets län, it is mentioned as the royal estate of Forsictuna (Malmberg, Ernst: Svenska slott och herresäten and Friesen: Om staden Sigtunas ålder).
In 1567, it is mentioned as Foder Sictuna in the province of Uppland[14][15]
In the 17th century, the name Försigtuna is used on a map (Lantmät.verk. Gävle).
Since the 17th century, the location has been a manor named Signhildsberg or Signesberg.
References
^ abEntry Sigtuna in Svenskt ortnamnslexikon. Ed. Mats Wahlberg. Institutet för språk och folkminnen, Uppsala 2003.
^Koch, John T. (2020). CELTO-GERMANIC Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and West.
^The Heimskringla; or, Chronicle of the Kings of Norway: Translated from the Icelandic of Snorro Sturleson, with a preliminary dissertation, tr. Samuel Laing, 3 volumes, London: Longman, 1844, OCLC 504839499, Volume 1, p. 220
^Magnússdrápa 2011-03-30 at the Wayback Machine, at Skaldic Arts.
^The First Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus: With some considerations on Saxo's sources, historical methods, and folk-lore, tr. Oliver Elton with Frederick York Powell, Publications of the Folk-Lore Society 33, London: Nutt, 1894, p. 313.
Jonas Ros: Sigtuna och folklanden : den tidiga Sigtunamyntningen och den politiska (Fornvännen 2002(97):3, s. [161]-175)
January 08, 2023
signhildsberg, coordinates, 62361, 65278, 62361, 65278, historically, fornsigtuna, where, forn, means, ancient, sigtuna, sithun, signesberg, manor, that, formerly, royal, estate, uppsala, located, parish, håtuna, approximately, kilometres, west, modern, town, . Coordinates 59 37 25 N 17 39 10 E 59 62361 N 17 65278 E 59 62361 17 65278 Signhildsberg historically Fornsigtuna where forn means ancient Old Sigtuna Sithun Signesberg is a manor that formerly was a royal estate Uppsala od located in the parish of Hatuna approximately 4 kilometres 2 5 mi west of the modern town of Sigtuna by Lake Malaren in Sweden Although the location is nearly forgotten it has a central role in Norse mythology according to which it was founded by the Norse god Odin Signhildsberg 2012 Signhildsberg 1881 lithography by Alexander Nay Contents 1 Etymology 2 Heimskringla 3 Skaldic poetry 4 Gesta Danorum 5 Archaeology 6 History 7 References 8 Other Sources 9 Related readingEtymology EditThe name Sigtuna is contested According to one theory it is a compound name where the second element is tuna and the first one is either of two closely related dialectal words viz sig meaning seeping water or swamp or sik meaning swamp As a basis for this intpretation a brook south of Signhildsberg has been mentioned or the fact that the estate was surrounded by marshy terrain 1 Another theory considers the name to be an ancient prestigious wander toponym meaning strong fortress like the Celtic toponym Segodunum 1 from Proto Germanic sigatuna Old Norse Sigtun cf Proto Germanic segaz sigiz victory Gothic sigis Old Norse sigr Old English sigor Old Frisian sige sige Old High German sigi sigu 2 In 1680 the name was changed to Signhildsberg after the Old Norse legend of Hagbard and Signy 3 Heimskringla EditIn Chapter 5 of the Ynglinga saga section of his Heimskringla Snorri Sturluson relates that Odin and the AEsir first arrived at Old Sigtuna when they came to Sweden Odin took up his residence at the Maelare lake at the place now called Old Sigtun There he erected a large temple where there were sacrifices according to the customs of the Asaland people He appropriated to himself the whole of that district and called it Sigtun To the temple priests he gave also domains Njord dwelt in Noatun Freyr in Upsala Heimdal in the Himinbergs Thor in Thrudvang Balder in Breidablik to all of them he gave good estates 4 Later the pirate Solve arrived at Old Sigtuna to claim the Swedish throne Solve came unexpectedly in the night on Eystein Osten surrounded the house in which the king was and burned him and all his court Then Solve went to Sigtun and desired that the Swedes should receive him and give him the title of king but they collected an army and tried to defend the country against him on which there was a great battle that lasted according to report eleven days There King Solve was victorious and was afterwards king of the Swedish dominions for a long time until at last the Swedes betrayed him and he was killed 5 In the part called The Saga of St Olaf the Norwegian king Olaf Haraldsson makes shore at Old Sigtuna King Olaf steered thereafter eastwards to Svithjod and into the Lag the Maelar lake and ravaged the land on both sides He sailed all the way up to Sigtuna and laid his ships close to the old Sigtuna The Swedes say the stone heaps are still to be seen which Olaf had laid under the ends of the gangways from the shore to the ships 6 Skaldic poetry Edit Hjalmar dying painting by Marten Eskil Winge 1866 In Orvar Odd s saga Hjalmar laments his dying Sek hvar sitja Sigtunum a fljod thaus lottu farar mik thadan gledrat Hjalmar i holl konungs ol ne rekkar of aldr sidan 7 I see where they sitat home in Sigtun the girls who beggedme not to go no joy for Hjalmarin the hall after this with ale and men ever again 8 The location is also mentioned in other poems by the 11th century skalds THjodolfr Arnorsson 9 Valgardr a Velli 10 and Arnorr THordarson 11 Gesta Danorum EditSaxo Grammaticus writes in Book 8 of Gesta Danorum that Sigmund one of the warriors of the House of Yngling came from what is chronologically Old Sigtuna to fight at the Battle of Bravalla They likewise held the god Frey to be the founder of their race Amongst these from the town of Sigtun also came Sigmund a champion advocate versed in making contracts of sale and purchase besides him Frosti surnamed Bowl allied with him was Alf the Lofty Proud from the district of Upsala this man was a swift spear thrower and used to go in the front of the battle 12 Archaeology EditThere are two large ruins that had been two large three aisled halls a series of terraces just above the shore line of the Germanic Iron Age traces of a harbour a large mound and a number of smaller grave fields Excavations have dated the remains to the Vendel Age part of the Germanic Iron Age and the Viking Age i e from the 6th century until the 11th century 13 History EditIt was an Iron Age and mediaeval royal estate see Uppsala od and it was located strategically at the waterway to Old Uppsala and the Temple at Uppsala In the 10th century the name was transferred to modern Sigtuna which apparently assumed many of its functions It is mentioned in the 1170s when Pope Alexander III addresses king Knut Eriksson and Jarl Birger Brosa Svenskt Diplomatarium I nr 852 Originalbrev The pope demands that they return to the archbishop of Uppsala until 1270 the name referred to Gamla Uppsala the villages Strom Strom in the parish of Norrsunda Fornesitune and Guazbro probably Vadsbro The villages had earlier belonged to the bishop of Sigtuna but they had been confiscated by the crown when the bishopric had been moved to Gamla Uppsala In 1299 Birger Magnusson the son of Magnus Ladulas spent some time in Old Sigtuna as one of his letters was written in Sightonia Antiqua in Malmberg Ernst Svenska slott och herresaten or apud antiquam Sightoniam 14 The difference seems to be a matter of presenting the name in the nominal case or preserving the case in which the name appeared in the original text In 1315 according to Svenskt Diplomatarium SD III nr 2032 s 228 Erik Magnusson was bestowed a part of Old Sigtuna which is called Siktonia vetus vetus being Latin for old Neighbouring properties are also named Norgungi Norrange in Hatuna and Frotunum Frotuna in Habo Tibble 15 In 1541 according to Kammar ark jordebocker Uppland 1541 nr 5 the location is named as one of Gustav I Vasa s estates and spelled Forsictuna Foorsictuna and Fforssiiktwna in Malmberg Ernst Svenska slott och herresaten In 1542 according to Gustav Vasas jordebok are mentioned Foorsictuna and Norringe Norrange 14 In 1551 according to Sven Nielssons jordebok for Stakets lan it is mentioned as the royal estate of Forsictuna Malmberg Ernst Svenska slott och herresaten and Friesen Om staden Sigtunas alder In 1567 it is mentioned as Foder Sictuna in the province of Uppland 14 15 In the 17th century the name Forsigtuna is used on a map Lantmat verk Gavle Since the 17th century the location has been a manor named Signhildsberg or Signesberg References Edit a b Entry Sigtuna in Svenskt ortnamnslexikon Ed Mats Wahlberg Institutet for sprak och folkminnen Uppsala 2003 Koch John T 2020 CELTO GERMANIC Later Prehistory and Post Proto Indo European vocabulary in the North and West Borje Sanden Studieanteckningar som grund for kapitlet Nagra kronologiskt ordnade data i boken Fornsigtuna En Kungsgards historia 1991 The Heimskringla or Chronicle of the Kings of Norway Translated from the Icelandic of Snorro Sturleson with a preliminary dissertation tr Samuel Laing 3 volumes London Longman 1844 OCLC 504839499 Volume 1 p 220 Ynglinga saga ch 31 Laing tr p 246 olafs saga helga ch 4 Laing tr Volume 2 p 4 Lausavisur Hjalmarr inn hugumstori at Skaldic Arts Peter Tunstall The Saga of Hervor amp King Heidrek the Wise 2003 Magnussflokkr Archived 2011 03 30 at the Wayback Machine at Skaldic Arts Poem about Harald Hardrada at Skaldic Arts Magnussdrapa Archived 2011 03 30 at the Wayback Machine at Skaldic Arts The First Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus With some considerations on Saxo s sources historical methods and folk lore tr Oliver Elton with Frederick York Powell Publications of the Folk Lore Society 33 London Nutt 1894 p 313 Nationalencyklopedin a b c Friesen Om staden Sigtunas alder a b Malmberg Ernst Svenska slott och herresatenOther Sources EditNationalencyklopedin and A historical review of the name from which the information about the name and dates is taken Related reading EditJonas Ros Sigtuna och folklanden den tidiga Sigtunamyntningen och den politiska Fornvannen 2002 97 3 s 161 175 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Signhildsberg amp oldid 1085622330, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
