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Bramo 323

January 01, 1970

The Bramo 323 Fafnir is a nine-cylinder radial aircraft engine of the World War II era. Based heavily on Siemens/Bramo's earlier experience producing the Bristol Jupiter under licence,[1] the Bramo 323 saw limited use.

Bramo 323
Bramo 323 engine on display at the MTU Aero Engines museum, Munich
Type Radial engine
Manufacturer BMW
First run 1936
Major applications Dornier Do 17
Henschel Hs 126
Focke-Wulf Fw 200
Blohm & Voss BV 222
Focke-Achgelis Fa 223 Drache
Number built 5,500
Developed from Bristol Jupiter

Design and development edit

Development of the 323 was the result of a series of modifications to the original Jupiter design, which Siemens licensed in 1929. The first modifications produced the Sh.20 and Sh.21. The design was then bored out to produce the 950 hp (708 kW) Sh.22 in 1930. Like the Jupiter, the Sh.22 featured a rather "old" looking arrangement with rather prominent valve pushrods on the front of the engine. In the mid-1930s the Reich Air Ministry (RLM) altered the way in which engines were assigned code names, and Bramo was given the 300-block of numbers. Therefore, the Sh.14 and Sh.22 became the 314 and 322, respectively. The 322 never matured and remained unreliable.

The team continued work on the basic design, adding fuel injection and a new supercharger. The resulting Bramo 323 was just under 27 L in displacement, and produced 900 PS at 2,500 rpm for takeoff, improving slightly to 1,000 PS at 3,100 m (10,200 ft). The reduced power at sea level was inevitable for engines with single-speed, mechanically-driven superchargers when they were regulated to a constant maximum boost pressure below their critical altitude.

The Fafnir powered a number of German prewar designs, including the Focke-Wulf Fw 200, Henschel Hs 126, Dornier Do 24 and Dornier Do 17, as well as the Focke Achgelis Fa 223 Drache helicopter. Its fairly poor fuel economy kept it from more widespread use, and most designs chose the similar BMW 132 instead, whose specific fuel consumption varied between 220 and 240 g/(kW•h) depending on model, whereas the early versions of the Fafnir got about 255 g/(kW•h), a poor figure for the era. The C/Ds, where the supercharger used less power, improved this to 230 g/(kW•h), but were only useful at lower altitudes.

BMW bought Bramo in 1939 and continued production to supply the small number of designs that already used it, notably the Do 17. The naming at this point becomes somewhat confusing, with BMW, Bramo and Fafnir being used almost interchangeably depending on the source. 5,500 were produced before the lines were shut down in 1944.

The original 323 design was produced in A and B models, differing in the direction they turned. The engines were intended to be installed in A/B pairs, thereby eliminating engine torque across a twin-engine aircraft. The similar C and D models featured a lower supercharger gearing for better performance at lower altitudes, improving takeoff power to 1,000 PS, but reducing the critical altitude.

The final versions, P, R and T, featured a two-speed supercharger for better all-around performance. This allowed it to generate 1,000 PS at sea level as in the C/D models, but improved altitude performance considerably, delivering 940 PS at 4,000 m (13,000 ft). The R-2 subtype added MW 50 water-methanol injection for added low-altitude performance, boosting power to 1,200 PS at 2,600 rpm.

Variants edit

323A
(RH rotation)
323B
same as A but opposite rotation.(LH rotation)
323C
lower powered supercharge 1,000 PS (986 hp; 735 kW) for take-off. (RH rotation)
323D
same as C but opposite rotation. (LH rotation)
323J
(RH rotation)
323M
(RH rotation)
323P
2-speed supercharger:- 940 PS (927 hp; 691 kW) at 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
323R
323R-2
with 'C3' 96 octane fuel injection 1,100 PS (1,085 hp; 809 kW) at 2,600 rpm
323T

Applications edit

Specifications (BMW-Bramo 323J) edit

Data from Flugzeug-Typenbuch. Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt- und Zubehör-Industrie 1944[2]

General characteristics

  • Type: 9-cylinder supercharged air-cooled radial engine
  • Bore: 154 mm (6.06 in)
  • Stroke: 160 mm (6.30 in)
  • Displacement: 26.82 L (1,636.7 cu in)
  • Length: 1,417 mm (55.8 in)
  • Diameter: 1,388 mm (54.6 in)
  • Dry weight: 545 kg (1,202 lb) unequipped
562 kg (1,239 lb) equipped

Components

  • Valvetrain: single exhaust and inlet overhead valves driven by pushrods and rockers
  • Supercharger: supercharger driven at 11.4:1, rated to 4,200 m (13,780 ft)
  • Fuel system: Fuel injection
  • Fuel type: 87 Octane petrol
  • Cooling system: Air-cooled

Performance

  • Power output:
  • 1,000 PS (986 hp; 735 kW) at 2,800 rpm (max) at 3,100 m (10,171 ft)[citation needed]
  • 900 PS (888 hp; 662 kW) for takeoff at 2,500 rpm (1 minute) at sea level
  • 730 PS (720 hp; 537 kW) at 2,350 rpm (5 minutes) at sea level
  • 660 PS (651 hp; 485 kW) at 2,250 rpm (30 minutes) at sea level
  • 585 PS (577 hp; 430 kW) at 2,100 rpm (max. continuous) at sea level
  • 515 PS (508 hp; 379 kW) at 2,000 rpm (cruise) at sea level

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Gunston, Bill (2006). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day (5th ed.). Stroud, UK: Sutton. p. 32. ISBN 0-7509-4479-X.
  2. ^ Schneider, Helmut (Dipl.Ing.) (1944). Flugzeug-Typenbuch. Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt- und Zubehör-Industrie 1944 (in German) (Facsimile reprint 1986 ed.). Leipzig: Herm. Beyer Verlag. p. 379. ISBN 381120484X.

Further reading edit

  • Bingham, Victor (1998). Major Piston Aero Engines of World War II. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-84037-012-2.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bramo 323 Fafnir.
  • German language article on the Bramo 323 with images

January 01, 1970
bramo, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, april, 2018, learn, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Bramo 323 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2018 Learn how and when to remove this message The Bramo 323 Fafnir is a nine cylinder radial aircraft engine of the World War II era Based heavily on Siemens Bramo s earlier experience producing the Bristol Jupiter under licence 1 the Bramo 323 saw limited use Bramo 323 Bramo 323 engine on display at the MTU Aero Engines museum Munich Type Radial engine Manufacturer BMW First run 1936 Major applications Dornier Do 17Henschel Hs 126Focke Wulf Fw 200Blohm amp Voss BV 222Focke Achgelis Fa 223 Drache Number built 5 500 Developed from Bristol Jupiter Contents 1 Design and development 2 Variants 3 Applications 4 Specifications BMW Bramo 323J 4 1 General characteristics 4 2 Components 4 3 Performance 5 See also 6 Notes 7 Further reading 8 External linksDesign and development editDevelopment of the 323 was the result of a series of modifications to the original Jupiter design which Siemens licensed in 1929 The first modifications produced the Sh 20 and Sh 21 The design was then bored out to produce the 950 hp 708 kW Sh 22 in 1930 Like the Jupiter the Sh 22 featured a rather old looking arrangement with rather prominent valve pushrods on the front of the engine In the mid 1930s the Reich Air Ministry RLM altered the way in which engines were assigned code names and Bramo was given the 300 block of numbers Therefore the Sh 14 and Sh 22 became the 314 and 322 respectively The 322 never matured and remained unreliable The team continued work on the basic design adding fuel injection and a new supercharger The resulting Bramo 323 was just under 27 L in displacement and produced 900 PS at 2 500 rpm for takeoff improving slightly to 1 000 PS at 3 100 m 10 200 ft The reduced power at sea level was inevitable for engines with single speed mechanically driven superchargers when they were regulated to a constant maximum boost pressure below their critical altitude The Fafnir powered a number of German prewar designs including the Focke Wulf Fw 200 Henschel Hs 126 Dornier Do 24 and Dornier Do 17 as well as the Focke Achgelis Fa 223 Drache helicopter Its fairly poor fuel economy kept it from more widespread use and most designs chose the similar BMW 132 instead whose specific fuel consumption varied between 220 and 240 g kW h depending on model whereas the early versions of the Fafnir got about 255 g kW h a poor figure for the era The C Ds where the supercharger used less power improved this to 230 g kW h but were only useful at lower altitudes BMW bought Bramo in 1939 and continued production to supply the small number of designs that already used it notably the Do 17 The naming at this point becomes somewhat confusing with BMW Bramo and Fafnir being used almost interchangeably depending on the source 5 500 were produced before the lines were shut down in 1944 The original 323 design was produced in A and B models differing in the direction they turned The engines were intended to be installed in A B pairs thereby eliminating engine torque across a twin engine aircraft The similar C and D models featured a lower supercharger gearing for better performance at lower altitudes improving takeoff power to 1 000 PS but reducing the critical altitude The final versions P R and T featured a two speed supercharger for better all around performance This allowed it to generate 1 000 PS at sea level as in the C D models but improved altitude performance considerably delivering 940 PS at 4 000 m 13 000 ft The R 2 subtype added MW 50 water methanol injection for added low altitude performance boosting power to 1 200 PS at 2 600 rpm Variants edit323A RH rotation 323B same as A but opposite rotation LH rotation 323C lower powered supercharge 1 000 PS 986 hp 735 kW for take off RH rotation 323D same as C but opposite rotation LH rotation 323J RH rotation 323M RH rotation 323P 2 speed supercharger 940 PS 927 hp 691 kW at 4 000 m 13 000 ft 323R 323R 2 with C3 96 octane fuel injection 1 100 PS 1 085 hp 809 kW at 2 600 rpm dd 323TApplications editArado Ar 196 Arado Ar 232 Blohm amp Voss BV 222 Dornier Do 17 Dornier Do 24 Focke Achgelis Fa 223 Focke Wulf Fw 200 Henschel Hs 126 Junkers Ju 352Specifications BMW Bramo 323J editData from Flugzeug Typenbuch Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt und Zubehor Industrie 1944 2 General characteristics Type 9 cylinder supercharged air cooled radial engine Bore 154 mm 6 06 in Stroke 160 mm 6 30 in Displacement 26 82 L 1 636 7 cu in Length 1 417 mm 55 8 in Diameter 1 388 mm 54 6 in Dry weight 545 kg 1 202 lb unequipped 562 kg 1 239 lb equipped dd dd dd Components Valvetrain single exhaust and inlet overhead valves driven by pushrods and rockers Supercharger supercharger driven at 11 4 1 rated to 4 200 m 13 780 ft Fuel system Fuel injection Fuel type 87 Octane petrol Cooling system Air cooled Performance Power output 1 000 PS 986 hp 735 kW at 2 800 rpm max at 3 100 m 10 171 ft citation needed 900 PS 888 hp 662 kW for takeoff at 2 500 rpm 1 minute at sea level 730 PS 720 hp 537 kW at 2 350 rpm 5 minutes at sea level 660 PS 651 hp 485 kW at 2 250 rpm 30 minutes at sea level 585 PS 577 hp 430 kW at 2 100 rpm max continuous at sea level 515 PS 508 hp 379 kW at 2 000 rpm cruise at sea level Specific power 27 21 PS L 0 44 hp cu in 20 01 kW L Compression ratio 6 4 1 Specific fuel consumption 0 348 kg PS h 0 778 lb hp h 0 473 kg kW h at max continuous citation needed B M E P 9 37 atm 9 49 bar 137 7 psi Power to weight ratio 1 33 PS kg 0 60 hp lb 0 98 kW kg See also editList of aircraft enginesNotes edit Gunston Bill 2006 World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines From the Pioneers to the Present Day 5th ed Stroud UK Sutton p 32 ISBN 0 7509 4479 X Schneider Helmut Dipl Ing 1944 Flugzeug Typenbuch Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt und Zubehor Industrie 1944 in German Facsimile reprint 1986 ed Leipzig Herm Beyer Verlag p 379 ISBN 381120484X Further reading editBingham Victor 1998 Major Piston Aero Engines of World War II Shrewsbury UK Airlife Publishing ISBN 1 84037 012 2 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bramo 323 Fafnir German language article on the Bramo 323 with images Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bramo 323 amp oldid 1219979746, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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