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Shuanglianpi Wetland

Shuanglianpi Wetland (Chinese: 雙連埤) is a partially protected natural area in Yilan County in northern Taiwan. Situated 470 meters above sea-level, it contains a botanically rich, shallow lake, which, from the perspective of plant species density, is considered to be a wetland with global significance by the Forestry Bureau of Taiwan.[1]

At Shuanglianpi, 17.16 hectares of water surface and shorezone fringe are designated as a Wildlife Refuge by Taiwan.[1]

Biodiversity edit

Flora edit

Shuanglianpi displays over one third of Taiwan's native aquatic plant diversity with 112 species. These contribute to the currently observed total of 321 vascular plant taxa in the wetland area, which are distributed among 105 families.[1]

Threatened species according to the Taiwan Red List of Vascular Plants include Salix kusanoi (endangered), Pogostemon stellatus (endangered), Limnophila trichophylla (endangered), Eleocharis ochrostachys (endangered) Utricularia aurea (endangered), Brasenia schreberi (vulnerable), and Cyperus platystylis (vulnerable).[2][3] Of these, Salix kusanoi is particularly noteworthy as it is endemic to Taiwan and known from only two locations.[4] In addition, Shuanglianpi is also the only known place where Trapa bispinosa can be seen in Taiwan.[3]

Floating floral mats formed by emergent vegetation and humus that drift according to the direction of the wind are another feature of Shuanglianpi.[1] The only examples of this precise phenomenon in Taiwan, these "floating islands" mediate light entering the water and contribute both to species richness and improved water quality.[5]

Fauna edit

58 dragonfly species have been recorded at Shuanglianpi, where an additional 32 other kinds of aquatic insect are also found. Some are endemic either to Taiwan or the wider region.[3][6] They join 206 insect taxa in the surrounding terrestrial habitats.[3]

Sources vary on the diversity of birdlife with the number of species placed between 39.[5] and over 70[3] Some are again unique to Taiwan, including the Taiwan blue magpie (Urocissa caerulea), Taiwan scimitar babbler (Pomatorhinus musicus), black-necklaced scimitar babbler (Pomatorhinus erythrocnemis), Taiwan yuhina (Yuhina brunneiceps), Taiwan whistling thrush (Myophonus insularis) and Taiwan barbet (Psilopogon nuchalis).[7] The long-tailed shrike (Lanius schach), Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata), and common teal (Anas crecca), which are threatened on the Taiwan Red List of Birds,[8] are all reported.[9]

Shuanglianpi herpetofauna contains records of approximately 18 reptile and 19 amphibian species.[9] In the latter category, the central Formosa toad (Bufo bankorensis), temple tree frog (Kurixalus idiootocus), Nantou flying frog (Zhangixalus moltrechti), tributary flying frog (Zhangixalus prasinatus), bangkimtsing frog (Odorrana swinhoana), long-legged brown frog (Rana longicrus) and Taipei flying frog (Zhangixalus taipeianus) can only be found in Taiwan.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] This limit to global geographic range also applies to at least two reptiles: the Formosa grass lizard (Takydromus formosanus) and the Formosa slug snake (Pareas formosensis).[17][18]

From all herpetofauna, various taxa are threatened with extinction according to IUCN evaluations: the Taipei flying frog (vulnerable at the national level), long-legged brown frog (vulnerable globally), and Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis, vulnerable globally).[9][19]

At least 16 fish species are represented at Shuanglianpi as well.[9] These include the rosy bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus), which is thought to have been originally endemic to Taiwan;[9][20] the Taiwan Venus fish (Aphyocypris kikuchii), which is both endemic to Taiwan and endangered;[9][21][22] the river loach (Formosania lacustre), another endemic species; and the Japanese rice fish (Oryzias latipes), which is vulnerable to extinction at the national level.[22]

Other species categories such as mammals require further research.

Threats edit

The ecosystem at Shuanglianpi is threatened by invasive species and agriculture in the surrounding area, although rural depopulation might be reducing pressure from farming.[23] Eutrophication and hydrological interventions are additional threats, among various human disturbances over the years. A nearby road may be an obstacle to the water flow too.[3][5][9]

Management edit

Goals of the Shuanglianpi Wildlife Refuge cover conservation of lowland Machilus-Castanopsis sub-montane evergreen broadleaved forest habitat; maintenance of precious and unique genetic diversity in Taiwan; establishment of resources and trained personnel for public communication; revitalization of habitats for the fish species Oryzias latipes, the tributary flying frog (Zhangixalus prasinatus), whose entire global range is confined to northern Taiwan, and endangered taxa; guaranteeing the ecological integrity of succession processes; conservation of biological diversity; and delivering the conditions for sustainable community development via green economic practices.[1]

A Taiwanese non-governmental organisation called the Society of Wilderness contributes to the day-to-day management of the Shuanglianpi Wildlife Refuge. Since 2010, it has collaborated with Wistron, the publicly listed electronics manufacturer, which supports conservation, habitat revitalization, and education via the Wistron Foundation.[24][23] Some additional financial support for the protected area is also supplied by the local government.[citation needed]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Taiwan Forestry Bureau. "雙連埤野生動物保護區". Forestry Bureau. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  2. ^ Editorial Committee of the Red List of Taiwan Plants (2017). The Red List of Vascular Plants of Taiwan, 2017 (in Chinese). Taiwan: Endemic Species Research Institute, COA, EY, Taiwan. Forestry Bureau, Council of Agriculture, COA, EY, Taiwan. Taiwan Society of Plant Systematics. ISBN 978-986-05-5021-4.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Yilan County (2003). 「宜蘭縣雙連埤野生動物保護區」保育計畫書 (Yilan County Shuanglianpi Wildlife Refuge Conservation Plan) (in Chinese).
  4. ^ IUCN (1998-01-01). "Salix kusanoi: Lu, S.Y. & Pan, F.J.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T31250A9619786". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.1998.rlts.t31250a9619786.en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ a b c Urban and Rural Development Branch, Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of Interior R.O.C. Taiwan. "Shuanglian Reservoir Important Wetland". Taiwan's Ramsar Citizen. Retrieved August 8, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ IUCN (2007-03-12). "Euphaea formosa: Wilson, K. D. P.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T168087A6442785". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2009-2.rlts.t168087a6442785.en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ Taiwan Forestry Bureau. "宜蘭縣雙連埤野生動物重要棲息環境". Forestry Bureau. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  8. ^ Ruey-Shing Lin, Ya-Jung Lu, Cheng-Hsiung Yang, Tzu-Jung Tseng, Chie-Jen Ko and Wan-Jyun Chen (2016). The Red List of Birds in Taiwan, 2016. Taiwan: Endemic Species Research Institute, COA, EY, R.O.C. Taiwan. Forestry Bureau, COA, EY, R.O.C. Taiwan. ISBN 978-986-05-1406-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Ministry of the Interior R.O.C. Taiwan (2018). 雙連埤重要濕地(國家級)保育利用計畫(草案) (in Chinese). Taipei, Taiwan: Ministry of Interior R.O.C. Taiwan.
  10. ^ IUCN (2019-06-20). "Bufo bankorensis: IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T54582A48987246". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-1.rlts.t54582a48987246.en. S2CID 243430186. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ IUCN (2019-06-20). "Kurixalus idiootocus: IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T58803A63850836". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t58803a63850836.en. S2CID 242214643. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ^ IUCN (2019-06-20). "Zhangixalus moltrechti: IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T59005A63872888". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t59005a63872888.en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. ^ IUCN (2004-04-30). "Rhacophorus prasinatus: Lue Kuangyang, Chou Wenhao: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004: e.T59014A11868609". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2004.rlts.t59014a11868609.en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. ^ IUCN (2019-02-12). "Odorrana swinhoana: IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T58727A63848879". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-1.rlts.t58727a63848879.en. S2CID 241090851. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. ^ IUCN (2004-04-30). "Rana longicrus: Lue Kuangyang, Chou Wenhao: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004: e.T58646A11819392". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2004.rlts.t58646a11819392.en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  16. ^ IUCN (2019-06-19). "Zhangixalus taipeianus: IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T59022A63868030". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t59022a63868030.en. S2CID 245137556. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  17. ^ IUCN (2011-08-31). "Pareas formosensis: Rao, D.-q. & Lau, M.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T191967A2022215". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2012-1.rlts.t191967a2022215.en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. ^ IUCN (2018-05-08). "Takydromus formosanus: Shang, G.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T102342190A102342192". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-2.rlts.t102342190a102342192.en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  19. ^ Chun-Fu Lin, Cheng-Hsiung Yang and Ruey-Shing Lin (2017). The Red List of Amphibians of Taiwan, 2017. Endemic Species Research Institute, COA, EY, R.O.C.(Taiwan). Forestry Bureau, COA, EY, R.O.C.(Taiwan). ISBN 978-986-05-1678-4.
  20. ^ IUCN (2010-09-04). "Rhodeus ocellatus: Huckstorf, V.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T62207A3109841". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2013-1.rlts.t62207a3109841.en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  21. ^ 曾, 晴賢. "Aphyocypris kikuchii". Catalogue of Life in Taiwan. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  22. ^ a b Cheng-Hsiung Yang, Tzu-Jung Tseng, Ruey-Shing Lin, Chyng-Shyan Tzeng and Te-Yu Liao (2017). The Red Lists of Freshwater Fishes of Taiwan, 2017. Endemic Species Research Institute, COA, EY, R.O.C. (Taiwan). Forestry Bureau, COA, EY, R.O.C. (Taiwan). ISBN 978-986-05-1742-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ a b "Environmental Impact Assessment: Not all gloom: two conservation success stories from Taiwan - Taipei Times". www.taipeitimes.com. 2022-06-22. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
  24. ^ Wistron Foundation. "千年浮出的美麗與哀愁". Wistron Foundation. Retrieved August 7, 2022.

24°44′57″N 121°38′17″E / 24.74917°N 121.63806°E / 24.74917; 121.63806

shuanglianpi, wetland, chinese, 雙連埤, partially, protected, natural, area, yilan, county, northern, taiwan, situated, meters, above, level, contains, botanically, rich, shallow, lake, which, from, perspective, plant, species, density, considered, wetland, with,. Shuanglianpi Wetland Chinese 雙連埤 is a partially protected natural area in Yilan County in northern Taiwan Situated 470 meters above sea level it contains a botanically rich shallow lake which from the perspective of plant species density is considered to be a wetland with global significance by the Forestry Bureau of Taiwan 1 At Shuanglianpi 17 16 hectares of water surface and shorezone fringe are designated as a Wildlife Refuge by Taiwan 1 Contents 1 Biodiversity 1 1 Flora 1 2 Fauna 2 Threats 3 Management 4 ReferencesBiodiversity editFlora edit Shuanglianpi displays over one third of Taiwan s native aquatic plant diversity with 112 species These contribute to the currently observed total of 321 vascular plant taxa in the wetland area which are distributed among 105 families 1 Threatened species according to the Taiwan Red List of Vascular Plants include Salix kusanoi endangered Pogostemon stellatus endangered Limnophila trichophylla endangered Eleocharis ochrostachys endangered Utricularia aurea endangered Brasenia schreberi vulnerable and Cyperus platystylis vulnerable 2 3 Of these Salix kusanoi is particularly noteworthy as it is endemic to Taiwan and known from only two locations 4 In addition Shuanglianpi is also the only known place where Trapa bispinosa can be seen in Taiwan 3 Floating floral mats formed by emergent vegetation and humus that drift according to the direction of the wind are another feature of Shuanglianpi 1 The only examples of this precise phenomenon in Taiwan these floating islands mediate light entering the water and contribute both to species richness and improved water quality 5 Fauna edit 58 dragonfly species have been recorded at Shuanglianpi where an additional 32 other kinds of aquatic insect are also found Some are endemic either to Taiwan or the wider region 3 6 They join 206 insect taxa in the surrounding terrestrial habitats 3 Sources vary on the diversity of birdlife with the number of species placed between 39 5 and over 70 3 Some are again unique to Taiwan including the Taiwan blue magpie Urocissa caerulea Taiwan scimitar babbler Pomatorhinus musicus black necklaced scimitar babbler Pomatorhinus erythrocnemis Taiwan yuhina Yuhina brunneiceps Taiwan whistling thrush Myophonus insularis and Taiwan barbet Psilopogon nuchalis 7 The long tailed shrike Lanius schach Mandarin duck Aix galericulata and common teal Anas crecca which are threatened on the Taiwan Red List of Birds 8 are all reported 9 Shuanglianpi herpetofauna contains records of approximately 18 reptile and 19 amphibian species 9 In the latter category the central Formosa toad Bufo bankorensis temple tree frog Kurixalus idiootocus Nantou flying frog Zhangixalus moltrechti tributary flying frog Zhangixalus prasinatus bangkimtsing frog Odorrana swinhoana long legged brown frog Rana longicrus and Taipei flying frog Zhangixalus taipeianus can only be found in Taiwan 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 This limit to global geographic range also applies to at least two reptiles the Formosa grass lizard Takydromus formosanus and the Formosa slug snake Pareas formosensis 17 18 From all herpetofauna various taxa are threatened with extinction according to IUCN evaluations the Taipei flying frog vulnerable at the national level long legged brown frog vulnerable globally and Chinese softshell turtle Pelodiscus sinensis vulnerable globally 9 19 At least 16 fish species are represented at Shuanglianpi as well 9 These include the rosy bitterling Rhodeus ocellatus which is thought to have been originally endemic to Taiwan 9 20 the Taiwan Venus fish Aphyocypris kikuchii which is both endemic to Taiwan and endangered 9 21 22 the river loach Formosania lacustre another endemic species and the Japanese rice fish Oryzias latipes which is vulnerable to extinction at the national level 22 Other species categories such as mammals require further research Threats editThe ecosystem at Shuanglianpi is threatened by invasive species and agriculture in the surrounding area although rural depopulation might be reducing pressure from farming 23 Eutrophication and hydrological interventions are additional threats among various human disturbances over the years A nearby road may be an obstacle to the water flow too 3 5 9 Management editGoals of the Shuanglianpi Wildlife Refuge cover conservation of lowland Machilus Castanopsis sub montane evergreen broadleaved forest habitat maintenance of precious and unique genetic diversity in Taiwan establishment of resources and trained personnel for public communication revitalization of habitats for the fish species Oryzias latipes the tributary flying frog Zhangixalus prasinatus whose entire global range is confined to northern Taiwan and endangered taxa guaranteeing the ecological integrity of succession processes conservation of biological diversity and delivering the conditions for sustainable community development via green economic practices 1 A Taiwanese non governmental organisation called the Society of Wilderness contributes to the day to day management of the Shuanglianpi Wildlife Refuge Since 2010 it has collaborated with Wistron the publicly listed electronics manufacturer which supports conservation habitat revitalization and education via the Wistron Foundation 24 23 Some additional financial support for the protected area is also supplied by the local government citation needed References edit a b c d e Taiwan Forestry Bureau 雙連埤野生動物保護區 Forestry Bureau Retrieved August 6 2022 Editorial Committee of the Red List of Taiwan Plants 2017 The Red List of Vascular Plants of Taiwan 2017 in Chinese Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute COA EY Taiwan Forestry Bureau Council of Agriculture COA EY Taiwan Taiwan Society of Plant Systematics ISBN 978 986 05 5021 4 a b c d e f Yilan County 2003 宜蘭縣雙連埤野生動物保護區 保育計畫書 Yilan County Shuanglianpi Wildlife Refuge Conservation Plan in Chinese IUCN 1998 01 01 Salix kusanoi Lu S Y amp Pan F J The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998 e T31250A9619786 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 1998 rlts t31250a9619786 en a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b c Urban and Rural Development Branch Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of Interior R O C Taiwan Shuanglian Reservoir Important Wetland Taiwan s Ramsar Citizen Retrieved August 8 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link IUCN 2007 03 12 Euphaea formosa Wilson K D P The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009 e T168087A6442785 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 2009 2 rlts t168087a6442785 en a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Taiwan Forestry Bureau 宜蘭縣雙連埤野生動物重要棲息環境 Forestry Bureau Retrieved August 6 2022 Ruey Shing Lin Ya Jung Lu Cheng Hsiung Yang Tzu Jung Tseng Chie Jen Ko and Wan Jyun Chen 2016 The Red List of Birds in Taiwan 2016 Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute COA EY R O C Taiwan Forestry Bureau COA EY R O C Taiwan ISBN 978 986 05 1406 3 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b c d e f g h Ministry of the Interior R O C Taiwan 2018 雙連埤重要濕地 國家級 保育利用計畫 草案 in Chinese Taipei Taiwan Ministry of Interior R O C Taiwan IUCN 2019 06 20 Bufo bankorensis IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T54582A48987246 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 2020 1 rlts t54582a48987246 en S2CID 243430186 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help IUCN 2019 06 20 Kurixalus idiootocus IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T58803A63850836 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 2020 2 rlts t58803a63850836 en S2CID 242214643 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help IUCN 2019 06 20 Zhangixalus moltrechti IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022 e T59005A63872888 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 2022 1 rlts t59005a63872888 en a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help IUCN 2004 04 30 Rhacophorus prasinatus Lue Kuangyang Chou Wenhao The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004 e T59014A11868609 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 2004 rlts t59014a11868609 en a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help IUCN 2019 02 12 Odorrana swinhoana IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T58727A63848879 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 2020 1 rlts t58727a63848879 en S2CID 241090851 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help IUCN 2004 04 30 Rana longicrus Lue Kuangyang Chou Wenhao The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004 e T58646A11819392 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 2004 rlts t58646a11819392 en a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help IUCN 2019 06 19 Zhangixalus taipeianus IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 e T59022A63868030 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 2021 3 rlts t59022a63868030 en S2CID 245137556 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help IUCN 2011 08 31 Pareas formosensis Rao D q amp Lau M The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012 e T191967A2022215 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 2012 1 rlts t191967a2022215 en a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help IUCN 2018 05 08 Takydromus formosanus Shang G The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019 e T102342190A102342192 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 2019 2 rlts t102342190a102342192 en a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Chun Fu Lin Cheng Hsiung Yang and Ruey Shing Lin 2017 The Red List of Amphibians of Taiwan 2017 Endemic Species Research Institute COA EY R O C Taiwan Forestry Bureau COA EY R O C Taiwan ISBN 978 986 05 1678 4 IUCN 2010 09 04 Rhodeus ocellatus Huckstorf V The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013 e T62207A3109841 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 2013 1 rlts t62207a3109841 en a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help 曾 晴賢 Aphyocypris kikuchii Catalogue of Life in Taiwan Retrieved August 7 2022 a b Cheng Hsiung Yang Tzu Jung Tseng Ruey Shing Lin Chyng Shyan Tzeng and Te Yu Liao 2017 The Red Lists of Freshwater Fishes of Taiwan 2017 Endemic Species Research Institute COA EY R O C Taiwan Forestry Bureau COA EY R O C Taiwan ISBN 978 986 05 1742 2 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b Environmental Impact Assessment Not all gloom two conservation success stories from Taiwan Taipei Times www taipeitimes com 2022 06 22 Retrieved 2022 08 07 Wistron Foundation 千年浮出的美麗與哀愁 Wistron Foundation Retrieved August 7 2022 24 44 57 N 121 38 17 E 24 74917 N 121 63806 E 24 74917 121 63806 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shuanglianpi Wetland amp oldid 1177320970, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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