Commercial marine shrimp farming began in the 1970s, and production grew steeply, particularly to match the market demands of the United States, Japan, and Western Europe. The total global production of farmed shrimp reached more than 2.1 million tonnes in 1991, representing a value of nearly US$9 billion. About 30% of farmed shrimp is produced in Asia, particularly in China and Indonesia. The other 54.1% is produced mainly in Latin America, where Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico are the largest producers. The largest exporting nation is Indonesia.
Shrimp farming has changed from traditional, small-scale businesses in Southeast Asia into a global industry. Technological advances have led to growing shrimp at ever higher densities, and broodstock is shipped worldwide. Virtually all farmed shrimp are of the familyPenaeidae, and just two species – Litopenaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp) 70% and Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn) 20% – account for roughly 90% of all farmed shrimp.
These industrial monocultures used to be very susceptible to diseases, which caused several regional wipe-outs of farm shrimp populations in past decades. Increasing ecological problems, repeated disease outbreaks, and pressure and criticism from NGOs, consumer countries and even producers themselves, led to changes in the industry in the late 1990s and generally stronger regulation by governments.
In 1999, a program aimed at developing and promoting more sustainable farming practices was initiated, including governmental bodies, industry representatives, and environmental organizations.
A farmer constructing a shrimp farm in Pekalongan, Indonesia
Freshwater prawn farming shares many characteristics with, and many of the same problems as, marine shrimp farming. Unique problems are introduced by the developmental lifecycle of the main species (the giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii).[1] The global annual production of freshwater prawns in 2010 was about 670,000 tons, of which China produced 615,000 tons (92%).[2]
Eyestalk ablation is the removal of one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) eyestalks from a crustacean. In a context of shrimp domestication, ablated females produce more eggs and for a longer time period than non ablated.
It is routinely practiced on female shrimps (or prawns) in almost every marine shrimp maturation or reproduction facility in the world, both research and commercial.[citation needed] The aim of ablation under these circumstances is to stimulate the female shrimp to develop mature ovaries and spawn.[3]
Even in conditions where a given species will develop ovaries and spawn in captivity, use of eyestalk ablation is considered to increase total egg production and increase the percentage of females in a given population that participate in reproduction. Once females have been subjected to eyestalk ablation, complete ovarian development often ensues within as little as 3 to 10 days.
^The terminology may be confusing as different agencies draw different distinctions between "shrimp" and "prawns".
ReferencesEdit
^New, M. B.: Farming Freshwater Prawns; FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 428, 2002. ISSN 0429-9345.
^Data extracted from the FAO Fisheries Global Aquaculture Production Database for freshwater crustaceans. As of October 2012[update], the most recent data sets are for 2010 and sometimes contain estimates. Accessed October 21, 2012.
^Uawisetwathana, U; Leelatanawit, R; Klanchui, A; Prommoon, J; Klinbunga, S; Karoonuthaisiri, N (7 September 2011). "Insights into Eyestalk Ablation Mechanism to Induce Ovarian Maturation in the Black Tiger Shrimp". PLOS ONE. 6 (9): e24427. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...624427U. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024427. PMC3168472. PMID 21915325.
October 21, 2023
shrimp, farming, aquaculture, business, that, exists, either, marine, freshwater, environment, producing, shrimp, prawns, note, crustaceans, groups, caridea, dendrobranchiata, human, consumption, gate, traditional, shrimp, farm, kerala, india, which, uses, tid. Shrimp farming is an aquaculture business that exists in either a marine or freshwater environment producing shrimp or prawns Note 1 crustaceans of the groups Caridea or Dendrobranchiata for human consumption The gate of a traditional shrimp farm in Kerala India which uses the tide to harvest shrimp Contents 1 Marine 2 Freshwater 3 Animal welfare 4 See also 5 Footnotes 6 ReferencesMarine EditMain article Marine shrimp farming nbsp Shrimp grow out pond on a farm in South KoreaCommercial marine shrimp farming began in the 1970s and production grew steeply particularly to match the market demands of the United States Japan and Western Europe The total global production of farmed shrimp reached more than 2 1 million tonnes in 1991 representing a value of nearly US 9 billion About 30 of farmed shrimp is produced in Asia particularly in China and Indonesia The other 54 1 is produced mainly in Latin America where Brazil Ecuador and Mexico are the largest producers The largest exporting nation is Indonesia Shrimp farming has changed from traditional small scale businesses in Southeast Asia into a global industry Technological advances have led to growing shrimp at ever higher densities and broodstock is shipped worldwide Virtually all farmed shrimp are of the family Penaeidae and just two species Litopenaeus vannamei Pacific white shrimp 70 and Penaeus monodon giant tiger prawn 20 account for roughly 90 of all farmed shrimp These industrial monocultures used to be very susceptible to diseases which caused several regional wipe outs of farm shrimp populations in past decades Increasing ecological problems repeated disease outbreaks and pressure and criticism from NGOs consumer countries and even producers themselves led to changes in the industry in the late 1990s and generally stronger regulation by governments In 1999 a program aimed at developing and promoting more sustainable farming practices was initiated including governmental bodies industry representatives and environmental organizations Freshwater EditMain article Freshwater prawn farming nbsp A farmer constructing a shrimp farm in Pekalongan IndonesiaFreshwater prawn farming shares many characteristics with and many of the same problems as marine shrimp farming Unique problems are introduced by the developmental lifecycle of the main species the giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii 1 The global annual production of freshwater prawns in 2010 was about 670 000 tons of which China produced 615 000 tons 92 2 Animal welfare EditMain article Eyestalk ablation Eyestalk ablation is the removal of one unilateral or both bilateral eyestalks from a crustacean In a context of shrimp domestication ablated females produce more eggs and for a longer time period than non ablated It is routinely practiced on female shrimps or prawns in almost every marine shrimp maturation or reproduction facility in the world both research and commercial citation needed The aim of ablation under these circumstances is to stimulate the female shrimp to develop mature ovaries and spawn 3 Even in conditions where a given species will develop ovaries and spawn in captivity use of eyestalk ablation is considered to increase total egg production and increase the percentage of females in a given population that participate in reproduction Once females have been subjected to eyestalk ablation complete ovarian development often ensues within as little as 3 to 10 days See also EditExploitation and conservation of mangroves Pain in invertebrates Integrated mangrove shrimp aquaculture creates less destruction of mangroves in mangrove areas subjected to tidal flow reducing disease Integrated multi trophic aquaculture can be used to reduce diseases compared to when closed ponds systems are usedFootnotes Edit The terminology may be confusing as different agencies draw different distinctions between shrimp and prawns References Edit New M B Farming Freshwater Prawns FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 428 2002 ISSN 0429 9345 Data extracted from the FAO Fisheries Global Aquaculture Production Database for freshwater crustaceans As of October 2012 update the most recent data sets are for 2010 and sometimes contain estimates Accessed October 21 2012 Uawisetwathana U Leelatanawit R Klanchui A Prommoon J Klinbunga S Karoonuthaisiri N 7 September 2011 Insights into Eyestalk Ablation Mechanism to Induce Ovarian Maturation in the Black Tiger Shrimp PLOS ONE 6 9 e24427 Bibcode 2011PLoSO 624427U doi 10 1371 journal pone 0024427 PMC 3168472 PMID 21915325 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shrimp farming amp oldid 1176275552, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
