Shefqet Vërlaci
Shefqet bey Vërlaci[1][a] (Albanian pronunciation: [ʃɛfcɛt vəɾlat͡si]; 15 December 1877, Elbasan, Manastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (modern day Albania)– 21 July 1946, Zürich, Switzerland), also known as Shevket Verlaci, was an Albanian politician and wealthy landowner.[2]
Shefqet Vërlaci | |
|---|---|
| 12th Prime Minister of Albania | |
| In office 30 March 1924 – 27 May 1924 | |
| Preceded by | Ahmet Zogu |
| Succeeded by | Ilias Vrioni |
| In office 12 April 1939 – 4 December 1941 | |
| Monarch | Zog I |
| Preceded by | Kostaq Kotta |
| Succeeded by | Mustafa Merlika-Kruja |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 15 December 1877 Elbasan, Albania (then Manastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire) |
| Died | 21 July 1946 (aged 68) Zürich, Switzerland |
| Political party | Progressive Party Albanian Fascist Party |
| Profession | Prime Minister |
| Signature | |
Biography edit
Shefqet Vërlaci was born on the 15th of December 1877 in Elbasan, Manastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire, now modern day central Albania, into an Albanian family. In 1922, Vërlaci was the biggest landowner in Albania. He was the leader of the Progressive Party, the biggest conservative party in Albania, which firmly opposed any agrarian reform reducing the landowners' property. The Progressive Party included some North Albanian clan chiefs and prominent Muslim landowners as its members.[3]
He was elected a deputy for the first time in the elections of April 5, 1921.[4] In late 1922, Ahmed Zogu became engaged to Vërlaci's daughter, winning his support and the position of Prime Minister.[5]
In early 1924, Zogu was forced to cede his position of Prime Minister to Vërlaci,[citation needed] because of a financial scandal and an attempt of assassination in which Zogu was injured. The date of Vërlaci taking the position of prime minister is 3 March 1924. Vërlaci held this position until 27 May of the same year and then fled to Italy.[6] During Fan Noli's regime that followed, a special tribunal created by the government condemned Vërlaci to death in absentia along with the confiscation of all his property.[why?]
After being crowned King of Albania in 1928, Zogu broke his engagement with Vërlaci's daughter and instead married Countess Géraldine, of the noble Apponyi family. This resulted in a very conflicted relationship between Zog and Vërlaci in the following years.[7][8]
On 12 April 1939, after the Italian invasion of Albania, Vërlaci became the prime minister of the government of Albania formed under the Italian occupation.[9] From 12 April through 16 April (until Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III accepted the Albanian crown), Vërlaci was the acting head of state. Vërlaci was also named by King Victor Emmanuel III senator of the kingdom of Italy.[10][11]
Vërlaci remained at the head of the government until 4 December (other sources cite 10 November or 3 December), 1941.
He died in 1946 in Zürich, Switzerland, and is buried in the Protestant Cemetery in Rome.
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ Verlaci's name also is found under the forms Vërlaci, Verlaçi, Verlaxhi, and Velaxhi. His first name also is written in various forms, including Shevket, as on his gravestone.
References edit
- ^ Elsie, Robert (2010). Historical dictionary of Albania (2nd ed.). Lanham: Scarecrow Press. p. 105. ISBN 9780810873803.
- ^ Elsie, Robert (2010). Historical Dictionary of Albania. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-6188-6.
- ^ Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (September 25, 2014). A History of the Balkans 1804–1945. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-90017-7.
- ^ "Njihuni me njeriun më të pasur në Shqipëri që u bë kryeministër, por vdiq si 'armik i popullit' në Zvicër". Shekulli (in Albanian). September 25, 2017. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
- ^ Besier, Gerhard; Stokłosa, Katarzyna (January 3, 2014). European Dictatorships: A Comparative History of the Twentieth Century. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-5521-1.
- ^ "Qeveria e Shefqet Vërlacit (3 mars – 27 maj 1924) – ShtetiWeb". shtetiweb.org. August 24, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
- ^ Ilirjani, Altin; Elbasani, Arolda; Peshkopia, Ridvan (March 1, 2006). Albanian Journal of Politics: 2005. Globic Press. ISBN 978-0-9776662-2-5.
- ^ "Dokumenti, si e prishi Zogu fejesën me Behije Vërlacin". www.panorama.com.al (in Albanian). Retrieved January 6, 2020.
- ^ Fischer, Bernd Jürgen; Fischer, Fischer, Bernd Jürgen (1999). Albania at War, 1939–1945. Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-141-4.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Lulushi, Albert (June 3, 2014). Operation Valuable Fiend: The CIA's First Paramilitary Strike Against the Iron Curtain. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-1-62872-394-6.
- ^ Pavlović, Vojislav G. (January 1, 2014). Italy's Balkan Strategies (19th–20th Century). Balkanološki institut SANU. ISBN 978-86-7179-082-6.