Muhammad bin al-Ḥasan bin Ali bin al-Ḥusayn al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmili al-Mashghari (Arabic: مُحَمَّد ٱبْن ٱلْحَسَن ٱبْن عَلِيّ ٱبْن ٱلْحُسَيْن ٱلْحُرّ ٱلْعَامِلِيّ ٱلْمَشْغَرِيّ; 1033/1624 - 1104/1693), commonly known as Al-Ḥurr Al-ʿĀmili (ٱلْحُرّ ٱلْعَامِلِيّ),[1] was a prominent TwelverShiamuhaddith. He is best known for his comprehensive hadith compilation known as Wasa'il al-Shia (also known as Wasa’il ush-Shi’a) and as the second of the “Three Great Muhammads” in later Shi’a Islamic history.[2]
He was born on Friday, 8th of Raj̲ab 1033AH/26 April 1624 CE in the village of Machghara in the ʿĀmil mountains of southern Lebanon,[3] a center of Shi’i Lebanese in the region, to Al-Hurr family descended from Al-Hurr ibn Yazid al-Riyahi al-Tamimi. His early education began with a family of teachers that included his father, his paternal uncle, his maternal grandfather (Shaykh ʿAbd Salām b. Muḥammad), and one of his father's maternal uncles (shaykh ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd; at Ḏj̲abʿ). He also studied under Ḥusayn b. Hasan b. Yunus Ẓahīr and Ḥasan b. Zayn al-Dīn ʿĀmili (d.1011/1602), who was the great-grandson of al-Shahid al-Thani, in al-Jaba, a nearby village.[4] Ḥusayn Zahir was the first to give al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmili ijaza, a license to teach and transmit ahadeeth.[5]
Later life and travels
Al-Ḥurr Al-ʿĀmili performed the hajj twice and went on ziyarat, visiting of holy Shi’a shrines, in Iraq. Other than these trips, he remained in the Jabal ʿĀmil for the first forty years of his life.[6] He lived during the era of the Safavid Empire, which at the time was pushing Imami Shi’ism upon the people of Iran. When Sunni ulama fled from the Safavid Empire, specifically the religious centers of Iran, the empire brought in many Shi’i scholars to replace them, a large amount coming from Jabal ʿĀmil.[7]
Al-Ḥurr Al-ʿĀmili was one of the many scholars that migrated to take religious leadership positions in Iran at the time, eventually journeying to Mashhad, Iran and settling there in 1073/1663 where he became Shaykh al-Islam in the shrine of the 8th Imam, Ali al-Ridha.[8] He settled after traveling first to Isfahan, Persia where he became acquainted with Muhammad Baqir Majlisi, the third of the Great Muḥammads (the first of the Three Great Muḥammads of later centuries is Muhammad Kashani, also known as Muhsin al-Fayz).[9] The meeting between these two scholars left an impression on them both and they mutually granted each other ijāza to transmit hadiths. Majlisi also introduced al-ʿĀmili to Shah Sulayman of the Safavid Empire.[10]
Al-ʿĀmili died in Mashhad on the 21st of Ramadhan 1104 AH / 26 May 1693 CE and is buried there.[11] He was succeeded by his brother Ahmad (d. 1120/1708-9) as shaykh al-Islam in Mashhad. Some have claimed that al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmili actually died in Yemen in 1079/1669, but there is no evidence in support of this.[12]
Al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmili was not only known as a scholar, but also as a poet. He is credited with a diwān of approximately 20,000 verses, which includes several didactic poems (manẓumas), most of which constitute panegyrics to the Prophet Muḥammad and to his descendants.[13] However, in two verses, he also expressed his inner struggle between his poetic and scholarly leanings: “My scholarship and my poetry fought one another, then were reconciled / poetry reluctantly surrendering to scholarship” (ʿelmi wa-šeʿri qatalā wa-ṣṭalaḥā / fa-ḵażaʿa al-šeʿro le-ʿelmi rāḡemā); “My scholarship objected to my being considered a poet / poetry, however, conceded that I be regarded as a scholar” (fa-l-ʿelmo yaʾbā an oʿadda šāʿeran / wa’l-šeʿro yarżā an oʿadda ʿālemā).[14] The above lines suggest that poetry and scholarship were at odds in terms of the ideal of knowledge and in the degree of piety assigned to them. Judging by the vast amount of literary work he completed, it is clear that his scholarly work had precedence over his non-scholarly works of poetry.
Works
Wasā'il al-Shīʿa: a vast but concise compilation and classification of Hadith based on the Four Books (al-Kafī, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, al-Taththib, al-Istibrar) as well as on many later sources. It took 18 years to compose.[15]
al-Jawāher al-saniya fī al-aḥādith al-qudsiya: considered the first collection exclusively devoted to Sacred Hadith, or aḥādith qudsiya.[16]
Isbāt al-Hudāt bin al-Noṣuṣ wa al-Muʿjizāt: describes the miracles of the 12 Imams and deals with the question of the divine right of the Imams to rule
hurr, amili, muhammad, Ḥasan, Ḥusayn, Ḥurr, ʿĀmili, mashghari, arabic, ٱب, ٱل, ٱب, ٱب, ٱل, ٱل, ٱل, ام, ٱل, 1033, 1624, 1104, 1693, commonly, known, Ḥurr, ʿĀmili, ٱل, ٱل, ام, prominent, twelver, shia, muhaddith, best, known, comprehensive, hadith, compilation, . Muhammad bin al Ḥasan bin Ali bin al Ḥusayn al Ḥurr al ʿAmili al Mashghari Arabic م ح م د ٱب ن ٱل ح س ن ٱب ن ع ل ي ٱب ن ٱل ح س ي ن ٱل ح ر ٱل ع ام ل ي ٱل م ش غ ر ي 1033 1624 1104 1693 commonly known as Al Ḥurr Al ʿAmili ٱل ح ر ٱل ع ام ل ي 1 was a prominent Twelver Shia muhaddith He is best known for his comprehensive hadith compilation known as Wasa il al Shia also known as Wasa il ush Shi a and as the second of the Three Great Muhammads in later Shi a Islamic history 2 A manuscript attributed to al Hurr al Amili Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life and education 1 2 Later life and travels 2 Works 2 1 Students 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksBiography EditEarly life and education Edit He was born on Friday 8th of Raj ab 1033AH 26 April 1624 CE in the village of Machghara in the ʿAmil mountains of southern Lebanon 3 a center of Shi i Lebanese in the region to Al Hurr family descended from Al Hurr ibn Yazid al Riyahi al Tamimi His early education began with a family of teachers that included his father his paternal uncle his maternal grandfather Shaykh ʿAbd Salam b Muḥammad and one of his father s maternal uncles shaykh ʿAli b Maḥmud at Ḏj abʿ He also studied under Ḥusayn b Hasan b Yunus Ẓahir and Ḥasan b Zayn al Din ʿAmili d 1011 1602 who was the great grandson of al Shahid al Thani in al Jaba a nearby village 4 Ḥusayn Zahir was the first to give al Ḥurr al ʿAmili ijaza a license to teach and transmit ahadeeth 5 Later life and travels Edit Al Ḥurr Al ʿAmili performed the hajj twice and went on ziyarat visiting of holy Shi a shrines in Iraq Other than these trips he remained in the Jabal ʿAmil for the first forty years of his life 6 He lived during the era of the Safavid Empire which at the time was pushing Imami Shi ism upon the people of Iran When Sunni ulama fled from the Safavid Empire specifically the religious centers of Iran the empire brought in many Shi i scholars to replace them a large amount coming from Jabal ʿAmil 7 Al Ḥurr Al ʿAmili was one of the many scholars that migrated to take religious leadership positions in Iran at the time eventually journeying to Mashhad Iran and settling there in 1073 1663 where he became Shaykh al Islam in the shrine of the 8th Imam Ali al Ridha 8 He settled after traveling first to Isfahan Persia where he became acquainted with Muhammad Baqir Majlisi the third of the Great Muḥammads the first of the Three Great Muḥammads of later centuries is Muhammad Kashani also known as Muhsin al Fayz 9 The meeting between these two scholars left an impression on them both and they mutually granted each other ijaza to transmit hadiths Majlisi also introduced al ʿAmili to Shah Sulayman of the Safavid Empire 10 Al ʿAmili died in Mashhad on the 21st of Ramadhan 1104 AH 26 May 1693 CE and is buried there 11 He was succeeded by his brother Ahmad d 1120 1708 9 as shaykh al Islam in Mashhad Some have claimed that al Ḥurr al ʿAmili actually died in Yemen in 1079 1669 but there is no evidence in support of this 12 Al Ḥurr al ʿAmili was not only known as a scholar but also as a poet He is credited with a diwan of approximately 20 000 verses which includes several didactic poems manẓumas most of which constitute panegyrics to the Prophet Muḥammad and to his descendants 13 However in two verses he also expressed his inner struggle between his poetic and scholarly leanings My scholarship and my poetry fought one another then were reconciled poetry reluctantly surrendering to scholarship ʿelmi wa seʿri qatala wa ṣṭalaḥa fa ḵazaʿa al seʿro le ʿelmi raḡema My scholarship objected to my being considered a poet poetry however conceded that I be regarded as a scholar fa l ʿelmo yaʾba an oʿadda saʿeran wa l seʿro yarza an oʿadda ʿalema 14 The above lines suggest that poetry and scholarship were at odds in terms of the ideal of knowledge and in the degree of piety assigned to them Judging by the vast amount of literary work he completed it is clear that his scholarly work had precedence over his non scholarly works of poetry Works EditWasa il al Shiʿa a vast but concise compilation and classification of Hadith based on the Four Books al Kafi Man La Yahduruhu al Faqih al Taththib al Istibrar as well as on many later sources It took 18 years to compose 15 al Jawaher al saniya fi al aḥadith al qudsiya considered the first collection exclusively devoted to Sacred Hadith or aḥadith qudsiya 16 Isbat al Hudat bin al Noṣuṣ wa al Muʿjizat describes the miracles of the 12 Imams and deals with the question of the divine right of the Imams to rule Risala fi Tawatur al Qur an Risala fi Mas ala al Rija t Risala fi Khalq al Kafir Risala ithna ʿashariya fi al radd ʿala al ṣufiya an anti Sufi treatise representing much of his literary activities regarding them 17 Fawaid al Toosiya a rejection of Usoolism Amal al amil fi ʿulamaʾ jabal ʿamil a biographical dictionary of Twelver Shi i scholars who originated from jabal ʿAmil in southern Lebanon 18 Students Edit Allameh Mohammad Baqir Majlesi writer of Bahar al anvar Sheikh Mostafa Hoveizy Seyed Mohammad Hosseiny A raji Seyed Mohammad Bady Seyed Mohammad Moosavi Aamely Mola Mohammad Taghi Abd al Wahhab Mohaddes Mola Mohammad Saleh Heravi Mola Hassan ebn Mohammad Taher Ghazviny Taleghani Mohammad Meymandi Seyed Mohammad ibn Zein al Abedin Moosavi Aameli Sheikh Aboo al Hassan ibn Mohammad al Nabati al Aameli Nur al Din Nimatullah al JazayiriSee also EditShia Islam Wasael ush Shia Akhbari List of Ayatollahs List of Shi a Muslim scholars of Islam List of Marjas List of Shi a books The Four Books Sayyid Murtadha Al Sharif al Radi Shaykh al Mufid Shaykh al Tusi Shaykh al Saduq Muhammad al Kulayni Allamah MajlisiReferences Edit al Ḥurral ʿAmili G Scarcia https referenceworks brillonline com entries encyclopaedia of islam 2 al hurr al amili SIM 2969 s num 2 amp s f s2 parent s f book encyclopaedia of islam 2 amp s q amili Scarcia al Hurr Scarcia al Hurr Scarcia al Hurr Ḥorr e ʿAmeli Meir M Bar Asher http www iranicaonline org articles horr e ameli Bar Asher Horr From Bid ah to Sunna The Wilaya of Ali in the Shi i Adhan Liyakat A Takim https www jstor org stable 605020 Amal Al Amel J van Ess http www iranicaonline org articles amal al amel fi olama jabal amel biographical dictionary of shiite etnaasari scholars originating from the jabal amel in south lebanon composed by mohammad b Archived 2016 05 16 at the Wayback Machine Scarcia al Hurr Bar Asher Horr Bar Asher Horr Bar Asher Horr Bar Asher Horr Bar Asher Horr Scarcia al Hurr Scarcia al Hurr Scarcia al Hurr Ess Amal Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913 1936 E J Brill s E J Brill External links Edit Online Arabic Online Arabic Coordinates 36 17 17 N 59 37 01 E 36 28806 N 59 61694 E 36 28806 59 61694 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Al Hurr al Amili amp oldid 1105804959, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
