Shadow Cabinet of Tony Blair
Tony Blair was Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from his election as Leader on 21 July 1994 until he became Prime Minister on 2 May 1997. Blair became leader upon the death of John Smith. Under Blair, the Labour Party was rebranded as New Labour to distance itself from previous Labour politics and the traditional idea of socialism. Despite opposition from Labour's left-wing, he abolished Clause IV, the party's formal commitment to the nationalisation of the economy, weakened trade union influence in the party, and committed to the free market and the European Union.
Blair Shadow Cabinet | |
|---|---|
Shadow Cabinet of the United Kingdom | |
| 1994 – 1997 | |
| Date formed | 21 July 1994 |
| Date dissolved | 2 May 1997 |
| People and organisations | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Leader of the Opposition | Tony Blair |
| Deputy Leader of the Opposition | John Prescott |
| Member party | |
| Status in legislature | Official Opposition 271 / 651 (42%) |
| History | |
| Election(s) | 1994 Labour Party leadership election |
| Outgoing election | 1997 United Kingdom general election |
| Legislature term(s) | 51st UK Parliament |
| Predecessor | Shadow Cabinet of John Smith |
| Successor | Shadow Cabinet of John Major |
Blair had two Shadow Cabinets during his tenure as opposition leader. On 20 October 1994, following the 1994 Shadow Cabinet elections, Blair announced his first Shadow Cabinet. Blair made a number of significant changes to the Shadow Cabinet on 19 October 1995, following the 1995 Shadow Cabinet elections. Small changes were made to the Shadow Cabinet at the 1996 Shadow Cabinet elections.
Blair inherited the Labour leadership at a time when the party was ascendant over the Conservatives in the opinion polls, since the Conservative government's reputation in monetary policy was left in tatters by the Black Wednesday economic disaster of September 1992. Blair's election as leader saw Labour support surge higher still in spite of the continuing economic recovery and fall in unemployment that the Conservative government led by John Major had overseen since the end of the 1990–92 recession.
At the 1996 Labour Party conference, Blair stated that his three top priorities on coming to office were "education, education, and education". In 1996, the manifesto New Labour, New Life for Britain was published, which set out the party's new "Third Way" centrist approach to policy, and was presented as the brand of a newly reformed party that had altered Clause IV and endorsed market economics. In May 1995, Labour had achieved considerable success in the local and European elections, and had won four by-elections. For Blair, these achievements were a source of optimism, as they indicated that the Conservatives were in decline. Virtually every opinion poll since late-1992 put Labour ahead of the Conservatives with enough support to form an overall majority.
Aided by the unpopularity of John Major's Conservative government (itself deeply divided over the European Union), Blair led the Labour Party to victory in the 1997 general election (its largest landslide general election victory in history), ending eighteen years of Conservative Party rule, with the heaviest Conservative defeat since 1906. Blair became the prime minister of the United Kingdom on 2 May 1997.
Shadow Cabinet list edit
Initial Shadow Cabinet edit
On 20 October 1994, following the 1994 Shadow Cabinet elections, Blair announced his first Shadow Cabinet.[1]
- Tony Blair – Leader of Her Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition and Leader of the Labour Party
- John Prescott – Deputy Leader of Her Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition and Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
- Lord Richard – Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords
- Derek Foster – Labour Chief Whip in the House of Commons
- Lord Graham of Edmonton – Labour Chief Whip in the House of Lords
- Lord Irvine of Lairg – Shadow Lord Chancellor
- Gordon Brown – Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
- Robin Cook – Shadow Foreign Secretary
- Jack Straw – Shadow Home Secretary
- David Clark – Shadow Secretary of State for Defence
- David Blunkett – Shadow Secretary of State for Education
- Harriet Harman – Shadow Secretary of State for Employment
- Frank Dobson – Shadow Secretary of State for the Environment
- Margaret Beckett – Shadow Secretary of State for Health
- Ann Taylor – Shadow Leader of the House of Commons and Shadow Minister for the Citizen's Charter
- Donald Dewar – Shadow Secretary of State for Social Security
- Chris Smith – Shadow Secretary of State for National Heritage and Shadow Minister with special responsibility for the Information Superhighway
- Jack Cunningham – Shadow Secretary of State for Trade and Industry
- Michael Meacher – Shadow Secretary of State for Transport
- George Robertson – Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland
- Ron Davies – Shadow Secretary of State for Wales
- Mo Mowlam – Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
- Joan Lestor – Shadow Minister for Overseas Development
- Gavin Strang – Shadow Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
1995 reshuffle edit
Blair made a number of significant changes to the Shadow Cabinet on 19 October 1995, following the 1995 Shadow Cabinet elections.[2] Foster, who had been elected to the post, acceded to Blair's request that he step aside as Chief Whip; he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Shadow Minister responsible for the Citizen's Charter, taking the latter from Taylor, who remained Shadow Leader of the House. Dewar was appointed Chief Whip under a new rule that made the job appointive and added on additional elective seat in the Shadow Cabinet. Chris Smith replaced Dewar at Social Security, and was replaced as Shadow National Heritage Secretary by Cunningham. Responsibility for the Information Superhighway was transferred from Shadow National Heritage Secretary to a junior Shadow Trade and Industry minister (Geoff Hoon). Cunningham was in turn replaced at the Trade and Industry brief by Beckett. Harman took over the Health portfolio Beckett had held. Blunkett added Harman's Employment portfolio to his own to reflect the created of the Department for Education and Employment.
Michael Meacher, while remaining in the Shadow Cabinet, became Blunkett's deputy as Shadow Minister for Employment, leaving the Transport brief to Clare Short, newly elected to the Shadow Cabinet. Another newcomer, Tom Clarke, was appointed to the new post of Shadow Minister for Disabled People's Rights.[3]
- Tony Blair – Leader of Her Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition and Leader of the Labour Party
- John Prescott – Deputy Leader of Her Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition and Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
- Lord Richard – Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords
- Donald Dewar – Labour Chief Whip in the House of Commons
- Lord Graham of Edmonton – Labour Chief Whip in the House of Lords
- Lord Irvine of Lairg – Shadow Lord Chancellor
- Gordon Brown – Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
- Robin Cook – Shadow Foreign Secretary
- Jack Straw – Shadow Home Secretary
- David Clark – Shadow Secretary of State for Defence
- David Blunkett – Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Employment
- Frank Dobson – Shadow Secretary of State for the Environment
- Harriet Harman – Shadow Secretary of State for Health
- Ann Taylor – Shadow Leader of the House of Commons
- Chris Smith – Shadow Secretary of State for Social Security
- Jack Cunningham – Shadow Secretary of State for National Heritage and Shadow Minister with special responsibility for the Information Superhighway
- Margaret Beckett – Shadow Secretary of State for Trade and Industry
- Michael Meacher – Shadow Minister for Employment
- Clare Short – Shadow Secretary of State for Transport
- George Robertson – Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland
- Ron Davies – Shadow Secretary of State for Wales
- Mo Mowlam – Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
- Joan Lestor – Shadow Minister for Overseas Development
- Gavin Strang – Shadow Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
- Derek Foster – Shadow Minister for the Citizen's Charter
- Tom Clarke – Shadow Minister for Disabled People's Rights
- Changes
- 1 July 1996: Harriet Harman and Chris Smith swap posts.
- 25 July 1996: Joan Lestor stood down at the 1996 Shadow Cabinet election, as she was standing down at the impending general election. She was replaced as Shadow Minister for Overseas Development by Short, who was replaced at Transport by Andrew Smith. Meacher took the new position of Shadow Minister for Environmental Protection (a post separate from Shadow Environment Secretary).[4][5]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Timms, Nicholas (21 October 1994). "Blair uses reshuffle to put own sta on Shadow Cabinet: Brown stays as shadow Chancellor—Cook takes foreign affairs—Straw is shadow Home Secretary—Beckett moves to health". The Independent. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
- ^ Davies, Patricia Wynn; Donald Macintyre (20 October 1995). "Blair turns tables in front bench 'clearout'". The Independent. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
- ^ "New MPs promoted by Blair". The Independent. 22 October 1995. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
- ^ "Opposition Front Bench Spokespersons 1996/97". Weekly Information Bulletin. House of Commons Information Office. 26 October 1996. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
- ^ Rentoul, John (26 July 1996). "A rare national treasure in peril". The Independent.