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Serbian hajduks

March 04, 2023

The Serbian hajduks (Serbian: хајдуци / hajduci) were brigands (bandits) and guerrilla freedom fighters (rebels) throughout Ottoman-held Balkans, mainly in Serbia, organized into bands headed by a harambaša ("bandit leader"), who descended from the mountains and forests and robbed and attacked the Ottomans. They were often aided by foreign powers, such as the Republic of Venice and Habsburg monarchy, during greater conflicts.

Hajduk weapons, Belgrade Military Museum.

The hajduks are seen as part of the Serbian national identity. In stories, the hajduks were described as heroes; they had played the role of the Serbian elite during Ottoman rule, they had defended the Serbs against Ottoman oppression, and prepared for the national liberation and contributed to it in the Serbian Revolution.[1] The Chetniks also saw themselves as hajduks, freedom fighters.[2]

The hajduk movement is known as hajdučija (хајдучија) or hajdukovanje (хајдуковање). Ranks included buljubaša and harambaša, adopted from the Ottomans.

People that helped hajduks were called jataks. Jataks lived in villages and towns and provided food and shelter for hajduks. In return, hajduks would give them part of the loot.

16th century

Starina Novak (~1530–1601), a military commander in Wallachian service, is said to have been the oldest hajduk.

Deli-Marko (fl. 1596–1619), hajduk and military commander in Habsburg service.

18th century

On 26 November 1716, Austrian general Nastić with 400 soldiers and c. 500 hajduks attacked Trebinje, but did not take it over.[3] A combined Austro-Venetian-Hajduk force of 7,000 stood before the Trebinje walls, defended by 1,000 Ottomans.[3] The Ottomans were busy near Belgrade and with hajduk attacks towards Mostar, and were thus unable to reinforce Trebinje.[3] The conquest of Trebinje and Popovo field were given up to fight in Montenegro.[3] The Venetians took over Hutovo and Popovo, where they immediately recruited militarily from the population.[3]

Kingdom of Serbia (1718–39)

Main article: Serbian Militia (1718–39)

The Serbs established a Hajduk army that supported the Austrians.[4] The army was divided into 18 companies, in four groups.[5] In this period, the most notable obor-kapetans were Vuk Isaković from Crna Bara, Mlatišuma from Kragujevac and Kosta Dimitrijević from Paraćin.[4]

The most notable obor-kapetans were Vuk Isaković from Crna Bara, Mlatišuma and Kosta Dimitrijević from Paraćin.[6] Apart from the obor-kapetans, other notable commanders were kapetans Keza Radivojević from Grocka and Sima Vitković from Valjevo.[7] In Kragujevac, there were two companies of 500 soldiers each. He conquered Kruševac with his militia, and carried much cattle.[8] Colonel Lentulus ordered that part of the cattle be returned to the population, the second part was sent to Sekendorf, the third held by the colonel to the need of his army.[8]

19th century

Great Eastern Crisis

During the Great Eastern Crisis, set off by a Serb uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1875 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Herzegovina Uprising), Prince Peter adopted the nom de guerre of hajduk Petar Mrkonjić of Ragusa, and joined the Bosnian Serb insurgents as a leader of a guerilla unit.[9]

Serbian Revolution

Among Serbian revolutionaries that had been active hajduks prior to the Revolution, were Stanoje Glavaš, Hajduk-Veljko, Stojan Čupić, Lazar Dobrić, and others.

List of notable hajduks

This is a list of notable people, in chronological manner. Hajduks who participated in the Serbian Revolution (1804–1815) are also found in Category:People of the Serbian Revolution.

Early modern period

Serbian Revolution

  • Karađorđe (1768–1817), leader of the First Serbian Uprising and founder of modern Serbia
  • Stanoje Glavaš (1763–1815), vojvoda in the First Serbian Uprising
  • Stojan Čupić, vojvoda in the First Serbian Uprising
  • Đorđe Ćurčija (d. 1804), vojvoda in the First Serbian Uprising
  • Hajduk Veljko (c. 1780–1813), vojvoda in the First Serbian Uprising
  • Stojan Abraš (1780-1813) participated as one of the leaders in the First Serbian Uprising
  • Pavle Irić
  • Jovan Mićić
  • Petronije Šišo

Rebels in Bosnia and Herzegovina

  • Jovan Šibalija (fl. 1804–15), rebel leader in Drobnjaci, participated in the First Serbian Uprising
  • Šujo Karadžić (fl. 1804–15), rebel leader in Drobnjaci, participated in the First Serbian Uprising
  • Joko Kusovac (d. 1863), priest, serdar and rebel leader
  • Petar Popović–Pecija (1826–1875), led the Doljani Revolt (1858) and Bosanska Krajina Uprising (1875–78)
  • Luka Vukalović (1823–1873), led the Herzegovina Uprising (1852–62)
  • Mićo Ljubibratić (1839–1889), participated in the Herzegovina Uprising (1852–62)
  • Pero Tunguz (fl. 1875),
  • Lazo Škundrić (fl. 1875),
  • Petko Kovačević (fl. 1875),
  • Prodan Rupar (1815–1877), leader in the Herzegovina Uprising (1875–77)
  • Draga Mastilović (d. 1877), rebel leader
  • Golub Babić (1824–1910), rebel leader in Western Bosnia.
  • Stojan Kovačević (1821–1911),

Rebels in Old Serbia and Macedonia


Literature

Hajduks in epic poetry

Further information: Serbian epic poetry

In Serbian epic poetry, the hajduks are cherished as heroes, freedom fighters against the Ottoman rule. There is a whole cyclus regarding the hajduks and uskoks. Among the most notable hajduks in the epics were Starina Novak, Mali Radojica, Stari Vujadin, Predrag and Nenad, Novak, Grujica Žeravica, etc.

Novels

Hajduks are the theme of many novels, such as Branislav Nušić's Hajduci (1955), Miljanov et al. Srpski hajduci (1996), etc.

See also

References

  1. ^ Edited by Norman M. Naimarkand Holly Case; Norman M. Naimark (2003). Yugoslavia and Its Historians: Understanding the Balkan Wars of the 1990s. Stanford University Press. pp. 25–. ISBN 978-0-8047-8029-2. {{cite book}}: |author1= has generic name (help)
  2. ^ That was Yugoslavia. Ost-Dienst. 1991. p. 15.
  3. ^ a b c d e Mihić 1975, p. 196.
  4. ^ a b Душан Ј Поповић (1950). Србија и Београд од Пожаревачког до Београдског мира, 1718-1739. pp. 42–43.
  5. ^ Radovan M. Drašković (1987). Valjevo u prošlosti: prilozi za zavičajnu istoriju. Milić Rakić. p. 22. ISBN 9788671730082. Хајдучка војска била је подељена на 18 компанија, које су се распореЬивале у 4 групе.
  6. ^ Поповић 1950, p. 42.
  7. ^ Поповић 1950, p. 43.
  8. ^ a b Istorijski muzej Srbije 1984, p. 35.
  9. ^ Franjo Jež (1931). Zbornik Jugoslavije: njenih banovina, gradova, srezova i opština. Matica živih i mrtvih s.h.s. p. 43. опевани приморски ју- нак Петар (или Перо) Мркоњић

Further reading

  • Коцић, М. (2013). Венеција и хајдуци у доба Морејског рата.
  • Милошевић, М. (1988). Хајдуци у Боки Которској 1648–1718. Титоград, ЦАНУ.
  • Стојановић, М., & Samardžić, R. (1984). Хајдуци и клефти у народном песништву. Српска академија наука и уметности, Балканолошки институт.
  • Popović, D. J. (1930). O hajducima (Vol. 1). Narodna štampanja.
  • Žanić, I. (1998). Prevarena povijest: guslarska estrada, kult hajduka i rat u Hrvatskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini, 1990-1995. godine. Durieux.
  • Bracewell, W. (2005). 'Hajduci kao heroji u balkanskoj politici i kulturi'(trans. of" The Proud Name of Hajduk").
  • Suvajdžić, Boško (2003). . Janus; Rastko. Archived from the original on 2016-03-22.
  • Suvajdžić, Boško (1953). Српска хајдучка епика у јужнословенском контексту.

March 04, 2023
serbian, hajduks, serbian, хајдуци, hajduci, were, brigands, bandits, guerrilla, freedom, fighters, rebels, throughout, ottoman, held, balkans, mainly, serbia, organized, into, bands, headed, harambaša, bandit, leader, descended, from, mountains, forests, robb. The Serbian hajduks Serbian haјduci hajduci were brigands bandits and guerrilla freedom fighters rebels throughout Ottoman held Balkans mainly in Serbia organized into bands headed by a harambasa bandit leader who descended from the mountains and forests and robbed and attacked the Ottomans They were often aided by foreign powers such as the Republic of Venice and Habsburg monarchy during greater conflicts Hajduk weapons Belgrade Military Museum The hajduks are seen as part of the Serbian national identity In stories the hajduks were described as heroes they had played the role of the Serbian elite during Ottoman rule they had defended the Serbs against Ottoman oppression and prepared for the national liberation and contributed to it in the Serbian Revolution 1 The Chetniks also saw themselves as hajduks freedom fighters 2 The hajduk movement is known as hajducija haјduchiјa or hajdukovanje haјdukovaњe Ranks included buljubasa and harambasa adopted from the Ottomans People that helped hajduks were called jataks Jataks lived in villages and towns and provided food and shelter for hajduks In return hajduks would give them part of the loot Contents 1 16th century 2 18th century 2 1 Kingdom of Serbia 1718 39 3 19th century 3 1 Great Eastern Crisis 3 2 Serbian Revolution 4 List of notable hajduks 4 1 Early modern period 4 2 Serbian Revolution 4 3 Rebels in Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 4 Rebels in Old Serbia and Macedonia 5 Literature 5 1 Hajduks in epic poetry 5 2 Novels 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading16th century EditStarina Novak 1530 1601 a military commander in Wallachian service is said to have been the oldest hajduk Deli Marko fl 1596 1619 hajduk and military commander in Habsburg service 18th century EditOn 26 November 1716 Austrian general Nastic with 400 soldiers and c 500 hajduks attacked Trebinje but did not take it over 3 A combined Austro Venetian Hajduk force of 7 000 stood before the Trebinje walls defended by 1 000 Ottomans 3 The Ottomans were busy near Belgrade and with hajduk attacks towards Mostar and were thus unable to reinforce Trebinje 3 The conquest of Trebinje and Popovo field were given up to fight in Montenegro 3 The Venetians took over Hutovo and Popovo where they immediately recruited militarily from the population 3 Kingdom of Serbia 1718 39 Edit Main article Serbian Militia 1718 39 The Serbs established a Hajduk army that supported the Austrians 4 The army was divided into 18 companies in four groups 5 In this period the most notable obor kapetans were Vuk Isakovic from Crna Bara Mlatisuma from Kragujevac and Kosta Dimitrijevic from Paracin 4 The most notable obor kapetans were Vuk Isakovic from Crna Bara Mlatisuma and Kosta Dimitrijevic from Paracin 6 Apart from the obor kapetans other notable commanders were kapetans Keza Radivojevic from Grocka and Sima Vitkovic from Valjevo 7 In Kragujevac there were two companies of 500 soldiers each He conquered Krusevac with his militia and carried much cattle 8 Colonel Lentulus ordered that part of the cattle be returned to the population the second part was sent to Sekendorf the third held by the colonel to the need of his army 8 19th century EditGreat Eastern Crisis Edit During the Great Eastern Crisis set off by a Serb uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1875 in Bosnia and Herzegovina the Herzegovina Uprising Prince Peter adopted the nom de guerre of hajduk Petar Mrkonjic of Ragusa and joined the Bosnian Serb insurgents as a leader of a guerilla unit 9 Serbian Revolution Edit Among Serbian revolutionaries that had been active hajduks prior to the Revolution were Stanoje Glavas Hajduk Veljko Stojan Cupic Lazar Dobric and others List of notable hajduks EditThis list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items February 2014 This is a list of notable people in chronological manner Hajduks who participated in the Serbian Revolution 1804 1815 are also found in Category People of the Serbian Revolution Early modern period Edit Grujica Zeravica fl 1645 hajduk from Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia during Venetian Ottoman war 1645 1649 Starina Novak 1530 1601 commander in Wallachian service Sava Temisvarac fl 1594 1612 Habsburg service Deli Marko Segedinac fl 1596 1619 Habsburg service Petar Rac fl 1596 Habsburg service Đorđe Rac fl 1596 Habsburg service Mihailo Rac fl 1596 Habsburg service Kuzman Rac fl 1596 Habsburg service Nikola Rac fl 1596 Habsburg service Vuk Rac fl 1596 Habsburg service Đorđe Slankamenac fl 1596 Habsburg service Zivko Crni Grdan fl 1596 d 1612 Teodor of Vrsac Sava Ban and Velja Mironic fl 1594 raised the Uprising in Banat Jovan Rac fl 1653 Bajo Pivljanin fl 1669 died 1685 commander in Venetian service during the Cretan War Jovan Monasterlija fl 1689 1706 commander in Austrian service Arnold Paole d 1726 militiaman in Austrian service noted as alleged vampire Vuk Isakovic fl 1696 1759 commander in Austrian service Nikac Tomanovic fl 1695 1755 commander in Montenegro Koca Anđelkovic 1755 1789 commander in Austrian service led the Koca s frontier rebellion Stanko Arambasic 1764 1798 commander of Serb officers in Ottoman service Lazar Dobric fl 1790 Serbian Revolution Edit Karađorđe 1768 1817 leader of the First Serbian Uprising and founder of modern Serbia Stanoje Glavas 1763 1815 vojvoda in the First Serbian Uprising Stojan Cupic vojvoda in the First Serbian Uprising Đorđe Curcija d 1804 vojvoda in the First Serbian Uprising Hajduk Veljko c 1780 1813 vojvoda in the First Serbian Uprising Stojan Abras 1780 1813 participated as one of the leaders in the First Serbian Uprising Pavle Iric Jovan Micic Petronije SisoRebels in Bosnia and Herzegovina Edit Jovan Sibalija fl 1804 15 rebel leader in Drobnjaci participated in the First Serbian Uprising Sujo Karadzic fl 1804 15 rebel leader in Drobnjaci participated in the First Serbian Uprising Joko Kusovac d 1863 priest serdar and rebel leader Petar Popovic Pecija 1826 1875 led the Doljani Revolt 1858 and Bosanska Krajina Uprising 1875 78 Luka Vukalovic 1823 1873 led the Herzegovina Uprising 1852 62 Mico Ljubibratic 1839 1889 participated in the Herzegovina Uprising 1852 62 Pero Tunguz fl 1875 Lazo Skundric fl 1875 Petko Kovacevic fl 1875 Prodan Rupar 1815 1877 leader in the Herzegovina Uprising 1875 77 Draga Mastilovic d 1877 rebel leader Golub Babic 1824 1910 rebel leader in Western Bosnia Stojan Kovacevic 1821 1911 Rebels in Old Serbia and Macedonia Edit Cakr pasa Velika Begovica Spiro Crne Micko Krstic Gligor Sokolovic 1872 1910 in Ottoman MacedoniaLiterature EditHajduks in epic poetry Edit Further information Serbian epic poetry In Serbian epic poetry the hajduks are cherished as heroes freedom fighters against the Ottoman rule There is a whole cyclus regarding the hajduks and uskoks Among the most notable hajduks in the epics were Starina Novak Mali Radojica Stari Vujadin Predrag and Nenad Novak Grujica Zeravica etc Novels Edit Hajduks are the theme of many novels such as Branislav Nusic s Hajduci 1955 Miljanov et al Srpski hajduci 1996 etc See also EditJovan Nenad military commander in Hungarian service who revolted and declared his own state Radoslav Celnik Jovan Nenad s subcommander likewise declared Syrmia his own state Jovo Stanisavljevic Caruga 1897 1925 Slavonian outlawReferences Edit Edited by Norman M Naimarkand Holly Case Norman M Naimark 2003 Yugoslavia and Its Historians Understanding the Balkan Wars of the 1990s Stanford University Press pp 25 ISBN 978 0 8047 8029 2 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a author1 has generic name help That was Yugoslavia Ost Dienst 1991 p 15 a b c d e Mihic 1975 p 196 sfn error no target CITEREFMihic1975 help a b Dushan Ј Popoviћ 1950 Srbiјa i Beograd od Pozharevachkog do Beogradskog mira 1718 1739 pp 42 43 Radovan M Draskovic 1987 Valjevo u proslosti prilozi za zavicajnu istoriju Milic Rakic p 22 ISBN 9788671730082 Haјduchka voјska bila јe podeљena na 18 kompaniјa koјe su se rasporeivale u 4 grupe Popoviћ 1950 p 42 sfn error no target CITEREFPopoviћ1950 help Popoviћ 1950 p 43 sfn error no target CITEREFPopoviћ1950 help a b Istorijski muzej Srbije 1984 p 35 sfn error no target CITEREFIstorijski muzej Srbije1984 help Franjo Jez 1931 Zbornik Jugoslavije njenih banovina gradova srezova i opstina Matica zivih i mrtvih s h s p 43 opevani primorski јu nak Petar ili Pero MrkoњiћFurther reading EditKociћ M 2013 Veneciјa i haјduci u doba Moreјskog rata Milosheviћ M 1988 Haјduci u Boki Kotorskoј 1648 1718 Titograd CANU Stoјanoviћ M amp Samardzic R 1984 Haјduci i klefti u narodnom pesnishtvu Srpska akademiјa nauka i umetnosti Balkanoloshki institut Popovic D J 1930 O hajducima Vol 1 Narodna stampanja Zanic I 1998 Prevarena povijest guslarska estrada kult hajduka i rat u Hrvatskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini 1990 1995 godine Durieux Bracewell W 2005 Hajduci kao heroji u balkanskoj politici i kulturi trans of The Proud Name of Hajduk Suvajdzic Bosko 2003 Hajduci i uskoci u narodnoj poeziji Istorijske pretpostavke za nastanak i razvoj hajduckog pokreta Janus Rastko Archived from the original on 2016 03 22 Suvajdzic Bosko 1953 Srpska haјduchka epika u јuzhnoslovenskom kontekstu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Serbian hajduks amp oldid 1137476722, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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