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Serbian Cultural Club

January 01, 1970

The Serbian Cultural Club (Serbian: Srpski kulturni klub, Serbian Cyrillic: Српски културни клуб; SKK)[a] was a short-lived but influential grouping of mainly Belgrade-based Serb intellectuals of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the years immediately before the outbreak of World War II. The organization pushed for the advance of Serbian national interest in Yugoslavia, following Croatian autonomy (1939). After the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, the president of the SKK, Slobodan Jovanović went into exile with the government, but several members remained behind in Yugoslavia and developed a Serb-centric ideological framework for the Chetniks of Draža Mihailović.

Serbian Cultural Club
Српски културни клуб
AbbreviationSKK
Formation4 February 1937
Founded atBelgrade
Dissolved1941
TypeNGO
Purposeactivism
HeadquartersBelgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Region served
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Official language
Serbian
President
Slobodan Jovanović
Key people

History edit

Formation edit

The Serbian Cultural Club was founded in 1937 by influential Serb intellectuals of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Its mission was to "work on fostering Serbian culture within Yugoslavism".[1] It explicitly stated that it was not tied to any political ideology and that people of various political directions could participate.[1] The organization pointed out its preferential task as preservation of state unity and solving the Serbian national question, in a way which did not deny any rights of Croats and Slovenes.[2] The pretext for its establishment was, according to the organization itself, "the increasing unequal position of Serbs in the Yugoslav state". Its motto was "a strong Serbian identity — a strong Yugoslavia".

In December 1936, a group of seventy intellectuals gathered in Belgrade and held the preparatory founding assembly of the organization to be known as the "Serbian Cultural Club" (Srpski kulturni klub, SKK).[3] Among the founders were 23 University professors (among whom were Interwar rectors: Slobodan Jovanović, Pavle Popović, Vladimir Ćorović, Dragoslav Jovanović and Petar Mićić), ministers and assistants to ministers (Lujo Bakotić, Risto Jojić, Milan Milojević, Ljubomir Mihajlović, Spasoje Piletić and Mihailo Konstantinović), eight notable industrial and bank executives, the President of the Court of Cassation Rusomir Janković, the President of the Court of Appeal Milan Jovičić, the President of the District Court of Belgrade Miodrag Filipović, two retired generals Živko Pavlović (general) and Ljubomir Pokorni, prominent lawyers and cultural workers Dragiša Vasić, Nikola Stojanović and Mladen Žujović, famous artists, architects, doctors, engineers and tradespeople.[3] Among them were also notable individuals of Serbian national culture, Stevan Jakovljević, Marko Car, Veselin Čajkanović and Vaso Čubrilović.[3] Later, Milan Grol, Aleksandar Belić, Justin Popović and many other within the Serbian intellectual elite joined the organization.[3] The first regular assembly was held on 4 February 1937 in Belgrade, during which Slobodan Jovanović (the founder of the organization) was chosen as the President of the Assembly and Board of Directors.[3] The opening statement read that the SKK would be the meeting place and discussion forum for those interested in questions on Serbian national culture.[3]

1939–41 edit

The advent of the organization in February 1937, in Interwar Serbia and Yugoslavia, was seen in the political community as the beginning of the end of Serbian support to the Yugoslavist idea.[4] Initially created as a policy institute for integration of Serbian culture within Yugoslavia,[5] after the 1939 Cvetković–Maček Agreement and the consequent creation of an autonomous Croatian unit (the Banovina of Croatia), it became primarily a vehicle to advance Serbian national interest in the country. The heaviest blow of Croatian autonomy, according to the SKK leaders, was the borders of the Banovina, which left 1 million Serbs within it.[6] In a text published in Srpski glas in 1940, it expressed its opposition to the partition.[4] The Club saw that the only safe protection of Serbs would be the urgent establishment of a special Serbian unit.[6] Serbian nationalists, members of the SKK, and even some Serbian members in government, planned the establishment of the Serbian Banovina (or "Serb lands"), as an answer to Croatian autonomy.[7] According to lieutenant Staniša Kostić, several members of the SKK were founders of a conspiracy group that sought to overthrow the Yugoslav regency.[8]

After the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, the president of the SKK, Slobodan Jovanović went into exile with the government, but several members remained behind in Yugoslavia and developed a Serb-centric ideological framework for the Chetniks of Draža Mihailović.

World War II edit

A large segment of the membership of the SKK opposed Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact.[9] During the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, Jovanović went into exile with most of the post-coup Yugoslav government, and in January 1942 he became the Prime Minister of the Yugoslav government-in-exile.[10]

Lawyer Stevan Moljević, chairman of the Banja Luka section of the SKK prior to the outbreak of war,[11] proposed that the Serbs should take control of all territories to which they laid claim, and from that position negotiate the form of a federally organized Yugoslavia; this Greater Serbia would consist of 65–70% of the total Yugoslav territory and population.[12] In August 1941, Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović formed the Central National Committee (CNC), of which Moljević, Dragiša Vasić (Republican Party member and SKK Vice-President) and Mladen Žujović (also a SKK member) were the three most important members, also forming Mihailović's so-called Executive Council for much of the war.[13] The CNC advised Mihailović on domestic and international political matters, and liaised with civilian leaders in areas of Yugoslavia where Chetnik influence was strong.[13]

Annotations edit

  1. ^
    The native name is properly translated into Serb Cultural Club.[14]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Jovičić 1991, p. 5.
  2. ^ Vesović & Nikolić 1996, p. 27.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Stijović 2004, p. 15.
  4. ^ a b Subotić 1998, p. 310.
  5. ^ Pavlovitch 2004
  6. ^ a b Vesović & Nikolić 1996, p. 28.
  7. ^ Vucinich & Tomasevich 1969, p. 31.
  8. ^ Kazimirović 1995, p. 653.
  9. ^ Tomasevich 1975, p. 41.
  10. ^ Tomasevich 1975, p. 270.
  11. ^ Tomasevich 1975, p. 167.
  12. ^ Tomasevich 1975, pp. 167–171.
  13. ^ a b Tomasevich 1975, p. 126.
  14. ^ Djokić & Ker-Lindsay 2010, p. 74.

Sources edit

  • Djokić, Dejan; Ker-Lindsay, James (2010). New Perspectives on Yugoslavia: Key Issues and Controversies. Routledge. pp. 74–77. ISBN 978-1-136-93132-1.
  • Jovičić, Miodrag (1991). Jako srpstvo — jaka Jugoslavija: izbor članaka iz Srpskog glasa, organa Srpskog kulturnog kluba, objavljenih 1939-1940. Naučna knjiga.
  • Kazimirović, Vasa (1995). Srbija i Jugoslavija, 1914-1945: Srbija i Jugoslavija između dva svetska rata. Prizma. ISBN 9788670840010.
  • Pavlovitch, Stevan (2004). "Serbia and Yugoslavia–the relationship". Southeast European and Black Sea Studies. 4 (1): 96–106. doi:10.1080/14683850412331321738. S2CID 153801381.
  • Stijović, Milun (2004). Srpski glas. Издавачка књижарница Зорана Стојановића. ISBN 9788675430933.
  • Subotić, Dragan (1998). Srpske političke stranke i pokreti u 19. i 20. veku: Političke stranke i pokreti u političkom životu međuratne Srbije (i Jugoslavije) (1918.-1941.). Primeri iz političke istorije, kulture i sociologije političkih partija. In-t za političke studije. ISBN 9788674190289.
  • Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0857-9.
  • Vesović, Milan; Nikolić, Kosta (1996). Ujedinjene srpske zemlje: ravnogorski nacionalni program. Vreme Knjige.
  • Vucinich, Wayne S.; Tomasevich, Jozo (1969). Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment. University of California Press. pp. 31–. GGKEY:5JR74ERLNET.

Further reading edit

  • Dimić, Ljubodrag (1993). "Srpski kulturni klub između kulture i politike–prilog istoriji". Belgrade: Književnost. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • Dimić, Ljubodrag. "Srpski kulturni klub i preuređenje jugoslovenske države". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • Milosavljević, Boris (2012). "Питање покретача и оснивача српског Културног клуба". Tokovi Istorije. 1: 26–50.
  • Aranđelović, D. (21 January 1937). "Српски културни клуб". Правда. Belgrade. p. 1.
  • Tomić, Božidar M. (28 November 1937). "Како да се изведе окупљање српских културних снага и подепа рада". Правда. Belgrade. p. 4.
  • Tomić, Božidar M. (10 February 1937). "Наш културни проблем". Правда. Belgrade. p. 16.
  • Serbian Cultural Club (15 September 1939). "Српски културни клуб апелује на све родољубе". Време. Belgrade. p. 7.

January 01, 1970
serbian, cultural, club, serbian, srpski, kulturni, klub, serbian, cyrillic, Српски, културни, клуб, short, lived, influential, grouping, mainly, belgrade, based, serb, intellectuals, kingdom, yugoslavia, years, immediately, before, outbreak, world, organizati. The Serbian Cultural Club Serbian Srpski kulturni klub Serbian Cyrillic Srpski kulturni klub SKK a was a short lived but influential grouping of mainly Belgrade based Serb intellectuals of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the years immediately before the outbreak of World War II The organization pushed for the advance of Serbian national interest in Yugoslavia following Croatian autonomy 1939 After the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 the president of the SKK Slobodan Jovanovic went into exile with the government but several members remained behind in Yugoslavia and developed a Serb centric ideological framework for the Chetniks of Draza Mihailovic Serbian Cultural ClubSrpski kulturni klubAbbreviationSKKFormation4 February 1937Founded atBelgradeDissolved1941TypeNGOPurposeactivismHeadquartersBelgrade Kingdom of YugoslaviaRegion servedKingdom of YugoslaviaOfficial languageSerbianPresidentSlobodan JovanovicKey peopleDragisa Vasic Vaso Cubrilovic Contents 1 History 1 1 Formation 1 2 1939 41 1 3 World War II 2 Annotations 3 References 4 Sources 5 Further readingHistory editFormation edit The Serbian Cultural Club was founded in 1937 by influential Serb intellectuals of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia Its mission was to work on fostering Serbian culture within Yugoslavism 1 It explicitly stated that it was not tied to any political ideology and that people of various political directions could participate 1 The organization pointed out its preferential task as preservation of state unity and solving the Serbian national question in a way which did not deny any rights of Croats and Slovenes 2 The pretext for its establishment was according to the organization itself the increasing unequal position of Serbs in the Yugoslav state Its motto was a strong Serbian identity a strong Yugoslavia In December 1936 a group of seventy intellectuals gathered in Belgrade and held the preparatory founding assembly of the organization to be known as the Serbian Cultural Club Srpski kulturni klub SKK 3 Among the founders were 23 University professors among whom were Interwar rectors Slobodan Jovanovic Pavle Popovic Vladimir Corovic Dragoslav Jovanovic and Petar Micic ministers and assistants to ministers Lujo Bakotic Risto Jojic Milan Milojevic Ljubomir Mihajlovic Spasoje Piletic and Mihailo Konstantinovic eight notable industrial and bank executives the President of the Court of Cassation Rusomir Jankovic the President of the Court of Appeal Milan Jovicic the President of the District Court of Belgrade Miodrag Filipovic two retired generals Zivko Pavlovic general and Ljubomir Pokorni prominent lawyers and cultural workers Dragisa Vasic Nikola Stojanovic and Mladen Zujovic famous artists architects doctors engineers and tradespeople 3 Among them were also notable individuals of Serbian national culture Stevan Jakovljevic Marko Car Veselin Cajkanovic and Vaso Cubrilovic 3 Later Milan Grol Aleksandar Belic Justin Popovic and many other within the Serbian intellectual elite joined the organization 3 The first regular assembly was held on 4 February 1937 in Belgrade during which Slobodan Jovanovic the founder of the organization was chosen as the President of the Assembly and Board of Directors 3 The opening statement read that the SKK would be the meeting place and discussion forum for those interested in questions on Serbian national culture 3 1939 41 edit The advent of the organization in February 1937 in Interwar Serbia and Yugoslavia was seen in the political community as the beginning of the end of Serbian support to the Yugoslavist idea 4 Initially created as a policy institute for integration of Serbian culture within Yugoslavia 5 after the 1939 Cvetkovic Macek Agreement and the consequent creation of an autonomous Croatian unit the Banovina of Croatia it became primarily a vehicle to advance Serbian national interest in the country The heaviest blow of Croatian autonomy according to the SKK leaders was the borders of the Banovina which left 1 million Serbs within it 6 In a text published in Srpski glas in 1940 it expressed its opposition to the partition 4 The Club saw that the only safe protection of Serbs would be the urgent establishment of a special Serbian unit 6 Serbian nationalists members of the SKK and even some Serbian members in government planned the establishment of the Serbian Banovina or Serb lands as an answer to Croatian autonomy 7 According to lieutenant Stanisa Kostic several members of the SKK were founders of a conspiracy group that sought to overthrow the Yugoslav regency 8 After the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 the president of the SKK Slobodan Jovanovic went into exile with the government but several members remained behind in Yugoslavia and developed a Serb centric ideological framework for the Chetniks of Draza Mihailovic World War II edit A large segment of the membership of the SKK opposed Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact 9 During the German led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia Jovanovic went into exile with most of the post coup Yugoslav government and in January 1942 he became the Prime Minister of the Yugoslav government in exile 10 Lawyer Stevan Moljevic chairman of the Banja Luka section of the SKK prior to the outbreak of war 11 proposed that the Serbs should take control of all territories to which they laid claim and from that position negotiate the form of a federally organized Yugoslavia this Greater Serbia would consist of 65 70 of the total Yugoslav territory and population 12 In August 1941 Chetnik leader Draza Mihailovic formed the Central National Committee CNC of which Moljevic Dragisa Vasic Republican Party member and SKK Vice President and Mladen Zujovic also a SKK member were the three most important members also forming Mihailovic s so called Executive Council for much of the war 13 The CNC advised Mihailovic on domestic and international political matters and liaised with civilian leaders in areas of Yugoslavia where Chetnik influence was strong 13 Annotations edit The native name is properly translated into Serb Cultural Club 14 References edit a b Jovicic 1991 p 5 Vesovic amp Nikolic 1996 p 27 a b c d e f Stijovic 2004 p 15 a b Subotic 1998 p 310 Pavlovitch 2004 a b Vesovic amp Nikolic 1996 p 28 Vucinich amp Tomasevich 1969 p 31 Kazimirovic 1995 p 653 Tomasevich 1975 p 41 Tomasevich 1975 p 270 Tomasevich 1975 p 167 Tomasevich 1975 pp 167 171 a b Tomasevich 1975 p 126 Djokic amp Ker Lindsay 2010 p 74 Sources editDjokic Dejan Ker Lindsay James 2010 New Perspectives on Yugoslavia Key Issues and Controversies Routledge pp 74 77 ISBN 978 1 136 93132 1 Jovicic Miodrag 1991 Jako srpstvo jaka Jugoslavija izbor clanaka iz Srpskog glasa organa Srpskog kulturnog kluba objavljenih 1939 1940 Naucna knjiga Kazimirovic Vasa 1995 Srbija i Jugoslavija 1914 1945 Srbija i Jugoslavija između dva svetska rata Prizma ISBN 9788670840010 Pavlovitch Stevan 2004 Serbia and Yugoslavia the relationship Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 4 1 96 106 doi 10 1080 14683850412331321738 S2CID 153801381 Stijovic Milun 2004 Srpski glas Izdavachka kњizharnica Zorana Stoјanoviћa ISBN 9788675430933 Subotic Dragan 1998 Srpske politicke stranke i pokreti u 19 i 20 veku Politicke stranke i pokreti u politickom zivotu međuratne Srbije i Jugoslavije 1918 1941 Primeri iz politicke istorije kulture i sociologije politickih partija In t za politicke studije ISBN 9788674190289 Tomasevich Jozo 1975 War and Revolution in Yugoslavia 1941 1945 The Chetniks Stanford California Stanford University Press ISBN 978 0 8047 0857 9 Vesovic Milan Nikolic Kosta 1996 Ujedinjene srpske zemlje ravnogorski nacionalni program Vreme Knjige Vucinich Wayne S Tomasevich Jozo 1969 Contemporary Yugoslavia Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment University of California Press pp 31 GGKEY 5JR74ERLNET Further reading editDimic Ljubodrag 1993 Srpski kulturni klub između kulture i politike prilog istoriji Belgrade Knjizevnost a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Dimic Ljubodrag Srpski kulturni klub i preuređenje jugoslovenske drzave a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Milosavljevic Boris 2012 Pitaњe pokretacha i osnivacha srpskog Kulturnog kluba Tokovi Istorije 1 26 50 Aranđelovic D 21 January 1937 Srpski kulturni klub Pravda Belgrade p 1 Tomic Bozidar M 28 November 1937 Kako da se izvede okupљaњe srpskih kulturnih snaga i podepa rada Pravda Belgrade p 4 Tomic Bozidar M 10 February 1937 Nash kulturni problem Pravda Belgrade p 16 Serbian Cultural Club 15 September 1939 Srpski kulturni klub apeluјe na sve rodoљube Vreme Belgrade p 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Serbian Cultural Club amp oldid 1194622140, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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