Selenicereus costaricensis, synonymHylocereus costaricensis, known as the Costa Rican pitahaya or Costa Rica nightblooming cactus, is a cactusspecies native to Central America and north-eastern South America.[1] The species is grown commercially for its fruit, called pitaya or pitahaya, but is also an impressive ornamentalvine with huge flowers. The species may not be distinct from Selenicereus monacanthus.
Stem scandent, 1-3 (-10) cm wide, usually very thick; ribs 3 (-4), margins straight to shallowly scallop-lobed; internodes 2-3.5 x 0.1-0.2cm; often folded, areoles on prominences, bearing dense, short wool and (1-) 3-6 (-9) short, dark spines 2–4mm, hairs 2, often bristle-like, soon dropping; epidermis grayish green, +- glaucous in fresh material.
Flowers funnel-shaped, 22–30cm long, strongly perfumed, young buds globular; cylindric-ovoid, ca 4cm long, bracteoles narrow, foliaceous, numerous, imbricate, 1–2cm long; receptacle stout, 10–15cm, throat obconic, 6cm in wide at the orifice, bracteoles foliaceous, persistent, particularly imbricating towards the base, green with purple margins; tepals 11–15cm, the outer greenish yellow, the inner white; stigma lobes ca. 12, not forked; ovary covered with large, broadly to narrowly triangular, overlapping bracteoles, 0.5–3cm.
Fruit broadly ovate to globose, bright magenta, pupla purple; seeds pear-shaped, black, ca 10mm.
A pitahaya fruit cut in half
Taxonomyedit
Both the identity and the nomenclature of the species have been problematic. The name Cereus trigonus var. costaricensis was first published by Frédéric Weber in 1902.[2] The epithet costaricensis refers to Costa Rica,[3] where it is native. The plant Weber described had a triangular stem-like Cereus trigonus, but was "distinguished by its more glaucous stem and especially by its fruit, just as big but more spherical, less scaly, and filled with a crimson pulp of a very delicate taste."[4] It was said to be highly sought after in Costa Rica for its fruit, known as pitahaya.[5] Weber mentioned a photograph of the plant, but as of 2017 this had not been located, so the name lacked a type.[6] In 1909, Britton and Rose transferred the plant to the genus Hylocereus and raised it to a full species as Hylocereus costaricensis.[7]
A molecular phylogenetic study in 2017 confirmed earlier research showing that the genus Hylocereus was nested within Selenicereus, so all the species of Hylocereus were transferred to Selenicereus, with this species becoming Selenicereus costaricensis.[8] However, in the absence of a type, the names remained problematic. In 2021, a lectotype was designated,[9] and the name was accepted by the International Plant Names Index[10] and Plants of the World Online.[11]
The species has been described as "poorly understood".[12] The name Hylocereus costaricensis has been treated as synonymous with Hylocereus polyrhizus;[13][14] however, H. polyrhizus is regarded by other sources as a synonym of Selenicereus monacanthus. The relationship between S. costaricensis and S. monacanthus, and in particular whether they are separate species, requires further study.[8]
Distribution and habitatedit
The species is native from Nicaragua to northern Peru,[11] although its natural range is hard to determine because it has been cultivated so widely. It occurs in dry or deciduous coastal forests, at elevations of 0–1,400 m (0–4,600 ft) above sea level.[1]
An easily cultivated, fast-growing epiphyte or xerophyte. Needs a compost containing plenty of humus and sufficient moisture in summer. It should not be kept under 10°C (50°F) in winter. Can be grown in semi-shade or full sun. Extra light in the early spring will stimulate budding. Flowers in summer or autumn.[15]
^Hyam, R. & Pankhurst, R.J. (1995). Plants and their names : a concise dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 130. ISBN978-0-19-866189-4.
^Weber (1902), p. 457. "s'en distingue par sa tige plus glauque et surtout par son fruit, tout aussi grand mais plus spérique, moins squameux, et rempli d'une pulpe cramoisie d'un goût très délicat".
^Weber, A. (1902). "Les Cactées de Costarica". Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. 8 (6): 454–469. Retrieved 2021-03-05.
^ abKorotkova, Nadja; Borsch, Thomas & Arias, Salvador (2017). "A phylogenetic framework for the Hylocereeae (Cactaceae) and implications for the circumscription of the genera". Phytotaxa. 327 (1): 1–46. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.1.
^Korotkova, Nadja; Aquino, David; Arias, Salvador; Eggli, Urs; Franck, Alan; Gómez-Hinostrosa, Carlos; Guerrero, Pablo C.; Hernández, Héctor M.; Kohlbecker, Andreas; Köhler, Matias; Luther, Katja; Majure, Lucas C.; Müller, Andreas; Metzing, Detlev; Nyffeler, Reto; Sánchez, Daniel; Schlumpberger, Boris & Berendsohn, Walter G. (2021). "Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org – a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family". Willdenowia. 51 (2): 251–270. doi:10.3372/wi.51.51208. S2CID 237402311.
^ ab"Selenicereus costaricensis (F.A.C.Weber) S.Arias & N.Korotkova ex Hammel". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2022-06-14.
^Anderson, Edward F. (2001). "Hylocereus costaricensis". The Cactus Family. Pentland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 377. ISBN978-0-88192-498-5.
^Temak, Yogita; Cholke, Pravin; Mule, Akshay; Shingade, Akahay; Narote, Sudam; Kagde, Aditee; Lagad, Rutuja & Sake, Vaishnavi (2018). "In vivo and In vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Peel Extracts of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)" (PDF). International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 3 (5): 24–26. Retrieved 2021-03-05.[dead link]
^Paśko, Paweł; Galanty, Agnieszka; Zagrodzki, Paweł; Ku, Yang Gyu; Luksirikul, Patraporn; Weisz, Moshe & Gorinstein, Shela (2021). "Bioactivity and cytotoxicity of different species of pitaya fruits–A comparative study with advanced chemometric analysis". Food Bioscience. 40: 100888. doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100888. S2CID 233528900.
^Hossain, Farid Md; Numan, Sharker Md Numan; Akhtar, Shaheen (2021-09-01). "Cultivation, Nutritional Value, and Health Benefits of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus spp.): a Review". International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 8 (3): 259–269. doi:10.22059/ijhst.2021.311550.400. ISSN 2322-1461.
External linksedit
Media related to Selenicereus costaricensis at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Selenicereus costaricensis at Wikispecies
April 12, 2024
selenicereus, costaricensis, synonym, hylocereus, costaricensis, known, costa, rican, pitahaya, costa, rica, nightblooming, cactus, cactus, species, native, central, america, north, eastern, south, america, species, grown, commercially, fruit, called, pitaya, . Selenicereus costaricensis synonym Hylocereus costaricensis known as the Costa Rican pitahaya or Costa Rica nightblooming cactus is a cactus species native to Central America and north eastern South America 1 The species is grown commercially for its fruit called pitaya or pitahaya but is also an impressive ornamental vine with huge flowers The species may not be distinct from Selenicereus monacanthus Red fleshed pitahayaConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsOrder CaryophyllalesFamily CactaceaeSubfamily CactoideaeGenus SelenicereusSpecies S costaricensisBinomial nameSelenicereus costaricensis F A C Weber S Arias amp N KorotkovaSynonymsFor the issues with the validity of these names see Taxonomy Cereus trigonus var costaricensis F A C WeberCereus costaricensis A BergerHylocereus costaricensis F A C Weber Britton amp Rose Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Cultivation 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDescription editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed March 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Stem scandent 1 3 10 cm wide usually very thick ribs 3 4 margins straight to shallowly scallop lobed internodes 2 3 5 x 0 1 0 2cm often folded areoles on prominences bearing dense short wool and 1 3 6 9 short dark spines 2 4mm hairs 2 often bristle like soon dropping epidermis grayish green glaucous in fresh material Flowers funnel shaped 22 30cm long strongly perfumed young buds globular cylindric ovoid ca 4cm long bracteoles narrow foliaceous numerous imbricate 1 2cm long receptacle stout 10 15cm throat obconic 6cm in wide at the orifice bracteoles foliaceous persistent particularly imbricating towards the base green with purple margins tepals 11 15cm the outer greenish yellow the inner white stigma lobes ca 12 not forked ovary covered with large broadly to narrowly triangular overlapping bracteoles 0 5 3cm Fruit broadly ovate to globose bright magenta pupla purple seeds pear shaped black ca 10mm nbsp A pitahaya fruit cut in halfTaxonomy editBoth the identity and the nomenclature of the species have been problematic The name Cereus trigonus var costaricensis was first published by Frederic Weber in 1902 2 The epithet costaricensis refers to Costa Rica 3 where it is native The plant Weber described had a triangular stem like Cereus trigonus but was distinguished by its more glaucous stem and especially by its fruit just as big but more spherical less scaly and filled with a crimson pulp of a very delicate taste 4 It was said to be highly sought after in Costa Rica for its fruit known as pitahaya 5 Weber mentioned a photograph of the plant but as of 2017 this had not been located so the name lacked a type 6 In 1909 Britton and Rose transferred the plant to the genus Hylocereus and raised it to a full species as Hylocereus costaricensis 7 A molecular phylogenetic study in 2017 confirmed earlier research showing that the genus Hylocereus was nested within Selenicereus so all the species of Hylocereus were transferred to Selenicereus with this species becoming Selenicereus costaricensis 8 However in the absence of a type the names remained problematic In 2021 a lectotype was designated 9 and the name was accepted by the International Plant Names Index 10 and Plants of the World Online 11 The species has been described as poorly understood 12 The name Hylocereus costaricensis has been treated as synonymous with Hylocereus polyrhizus 13 14 however H polyrhizus is regarded by other sources as a synonym of Selenicereus monacanthus The relationship between S costaricensis and S monacanthus and in particular whether they are separate species requires further study 8 Distribution and habitat editThe species is native from Nicaragua to northern Peru 11 although its natural range is hard to determine because it has been cultivated so widely It occurs in dry or deciduous coastal forests at elevations of 0 1 400 m 0 4 600 ft above sea level 1 Cultivation editThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed March 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message An easily cultivated fast growing epiphyte or xerophyte Needs a compost containing plenty of humus and sufficient moisture in summer It should not be kept under 10 C 50 F in winter Can be grown in semi shade or full sun Extra light in the early spring will stimulate budding Flowers in summer or autumn 15 See also editPitaya List of culinary fruits nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Selenicereus costaricensis References edit a b c Hammel B 2013 Hylocereus costaricensis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013 e T151841A567360 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2013 1 RLTS T151841A567360 en Cereus trigonus var costaricensis F A C Weber International Plant Names Index IPNI Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Harvard University Herbaria amp Libraries Australian National Botanic Gardens Retrieved 2021 03 05 Hyam R amp Pankhurst R J 1995 Plants and their names a concise dictionary Oxford Oxford University Press p 130 ISBN 978 0 19 866189 4 Weber 1902 p 457 s en distingue par sa tige plus glauque et surtout par son fruit tout aussi grand mais plus sperique moins squameux et rempli d une pulpe cramoisie d un gout tres delicat Weber A 1902 Les Cactees de Costarica Bulletin du Museum d Histoire Naturelle 8 6 454 469 Retrieved 2021 03 05 Korotkova Borsch amp Arias 2017 p 25 Hylocereus costaricensis Britton amp Rose International Plant Names Index IPNI Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Harvard University Herbaria amp Libraries Australian National Botanic Gardens Retrieved 2021 03 05 a b Korotkova Nadja Borsch Thomas amp Arias Salvador 2017 A phylogenetic framework for the Hylocereeae Cactaceae and implications for the circumscription of the genera Phytotaxa 327 1 1 46 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 327 1 1 Korotkova Nadja Aquino David Arias Salvador Eggli Urs Franck Alan Gomez Hinostrosa Carlos Guerrero Pablo C Hernandez Hector M Kohlbecker Andreas Kohler Matias Luther Katja Majure Lucas C Muller Andreas Metzing Detlev Nyffeler Reto Sanchez Daniel Schlumpberger Boris amp Berendsohn Walter G 2021 Cactaceae at Caryophyllales org a dynamic online species level taxonomic backbone for the family Willdenowia 51 2 251 270 doi 10 3372 wi 51 51208 S2CID 237402311 Selenicereus costaricensis F A C Weber S Arias amp N Korotkova International Plant Names Index IPNI Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Harvard University Herbaria amp Libraries Australian National Botanic Gardens Retrieved 2022 06 14 a b Selenicereus costaricensis F A C Weber S Arias amp N Korotkova ex Hammel Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 2022 06 14 Anderson Edward F 2001 Hylocereus costaricensis The Cactus Family Pentland Oregon Timber Press p 377 ISBN 978 0 88192 498 5 Temak Yogita Cholke Pravin Mule Akshay Shingade Akahay Narote Sudam Kagde Aditee Lagad Rutuja amp Sake Vaishnavi 2018 In vivo and In vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Peel Extracts of Red Dragon Fruit Hylocereus polyrhizus PDF International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 5 24 26 Retrieved 2021 03 05 dead link Pasko Pawel Galanty Agnieszka Zagrodzki Pawel Ku Yang Gyu Luksirikul Patraporn Weisz Moshe amp Gorinstein Shela 2021 Bioactivity and cytotoxicity of different species of pitaya fruits A comparative study with advanced chemometric analysis Food Bioscience 40 100888 doi 10 1016 j fbio 2021 100888 S2CID 233528900 Hossain Farid Md Numan Sharker Md Numan Akhtar Shaheen 2021 09 01 Cultivation Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Dragon Fruit Hylocereus spp a Review International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 8 3 259 269 doi 10 22059 ijhst 2021 311550 400 ISSN 2322 1461 External links edit nbsp Media related to Selenicereus costaricensis at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Selenicereus costaricensis at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Selenicereus costaricensis amp oldid 1172893164, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
