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Santander Department

July 19, 2023

Santander (Spanish pronunciation: [santanˈdeɾ]) is a department of Colombia. Santander inherited the name of one of the nine original states of the United States of Colombia. It is located in the central northern part of the country, borders the Magdalena River to the east, Boyacá to the south and southeast, the Norte de Santander Department to the northeast, the Cesar Department to the north, the Bolivar and Antioquia Departments to the west. Its capital is the city of Bucaramanga.

Department of Santander
Departamento de Santander
Department
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto(s): 
Santandereanos siempre adelante
(Spanish: People of Santander always ahead)
Anthem: Himno de Santander
Santander shown in red
Topography of the department
Coordinates: 7°8′N 73°0′W / 7.133°N 73.000°W / 7.133; -73.000
Country Colombia
RegionAndean Region
EstablishedMay 13, 1857
CapitalBucaramanga
Largest cityBucaramanga
Government
 • GovernorDidier Alberto Tavera Amado (2016-2019) (Liberal Party)
Area
 • Total30,537 km2 (11,790 sq mi)
 • Rank12th
Population
 (2018)[1]
 • Total2,184,837
 • Rank6th
 • Density72/km2 (190/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-05
ISO 3166 codeCO-SAN
Provinces8
Municipalities87
HDI (2019)0.778[2]
high · 6th of 33
Websitegobernaciondesantander.gov.co

History

Pre-Colombian era

Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, the territory now known as Santander was inhabited by Amerindian ethnic groups: Muisca, Chitareros, Laches, Yariguí, Opón, Carare and Guanes.

Their political and social structure was based on cacicazgos, a federation of tribes led by a cacique, with different social classes. Their main activity was planting maize, beans, yuca, arracacha, cotton, agave, tobacco, tomato, pineapple and guava, among others. Their agricultural skills were sufficiently developed to take advantage of the different mountainous terrains. The Guanes utilized terraces and an artificial system of irrigation. They had a knowledge of arts and crafts based on ovens to produce ceramics. They had cotton to make clothing and accessories such as hats and bags.

Colonization

Spanish conqueror Antonio de Lebrija led the first expedition through the area in 1529. The area was later invaded c. 1532 by German Ambrosius Ehinger in a quest to find El Dorado. This disrupted or destroyed many of the Amerindian villages. Some ethnic groups like the Yariguíes, Opones, and Carares fought the conquerors until they became extinct. Explorer Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada later went to the area in an effort to appease the tribes. The colonization process in the area was started by Martín Galeano who founded the village of Vélez on July 3, 1539 and Pedro de Ursúa and Ortún Velázquez de Velasco founded the village of Pamplona (now part of the Norte de Santander Department) in 1549.

Once the Amerindian tribes were dominated, the Spanish organized the territory based on Cabildos (councils) to maintain the dominance and administer justice in the conquered territory. Amerindians were assimilated and subject to the encomienda regime to work in agriculture, manufacturing goods, and mines. These two villages functioned as centers for the Cabildos' territories. In 1636 the Cabildo of Vélez was transferred to a new jurisdiction centered on the village of Girón, with an area which went from the Sogamoso River, Río del Oro to the Magdalena River. The village of San Gil was created in 1689, segregated from the Jurisdiction of Vélez. In 1789 the village of Socorro was also segregated from Vélez and they were all put under the mandate of the Province of Tunja, a subdivision of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. On July 9, 1795 the corregimiento of Vélez – San Gil – Socorro was created due to the unsustainability of the Province of Tunja, and local government was established in the village of Socorro.

Culture

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1973 1,127,999—    
1985 1,511,392+34.0%
1993 1,811,741+19.9%
2005 1,957,789+8.1%
2018 2,184,837+11.6%
Source:[3]

During the colony and independence war times, people from Santander were specially recognized for their bravery in battle and their policy of "not even a step back". Soldiers from Santander were valued and respected but also difficult to control as they were, in general, more politically aware than people from other regions and therefore prone to question orders and law. Nowadays, they still retain those features as 'Santandereanos' are normally depicted as cranky and stubborn, not afraid of anything, proud in extreme and speaking their minds without further consideration. However, people from Santander are also very gentle and kind, have some social conventions of basic etiquette like saying hello first if you are the one arriving and never visiting someone for the first time without a small present. In general, they are normally warm and respectful, but try not to make them angry.

Cuisine

Santander cuisine includes regional specialties and food from the Department's capital city of Bucaramanga and other cities such as Cepita.

The most famous dishes are sancocho, oreada (dried cured beef), mute, egg broth, yellow arepa, masato, guarapo, aguapanela, tamale, and the exotic culona ants.

Goat

Usually accompanied by pepitoria and yellow arepa, it can be eaten fried, oven-baked, or dried.

Arepa Santandereana

Flat corn bread. This dish includes chicharron (pork belly-fat) and cooked peeled corn. When possible, the peeled corn is roasted in clay pots, to provide even more flavor.

Mute

A soup prepared with a variety of ingredients such as red meat, tripe, beef ribs, grains, potatoes, pasta, corn, and spices. Due to the ingredients included, it has a thick consistency.

Pepitoria

Pepitoria is prepared with the intestines of a goat or lamb. Served with rice, yuca, and potatoes.

Santander tamale

The tamale is a dish that is eaten in various parts of Colombia, but in Santander it is prepared with peeled corn dough and filled with beef, chicken or pork, chickpeas, onions, and paprika. It is then wrapped in banana leaf giving it a rectangular shape.

Oreada meat

This is a marinated, salted, sun-dried beef ready to grill. It is a classic dish that can be found in many restaurants as a specialty, served with yucca and chili.

Hormigas Culonas (Big Bum Ants)

A traditional dish of the Guane indigenous inhabitants of this region. The head, wings, and legs of these giant ants are removed, leaving the body and bum to be fried and seasoned with salt.

Bocadillo Veleño

Created in the town of Vélez, the Veleño Sandwich is prepared with the pulp of ripe Guava and is wrapped in a bijao leaf, giving it a characteristic flavor. It is sometimes paired with goat cheese.

Broth

A soup prepared with water, potatoes, toast, coriander, and egg (no milk or cream) and enjoyed for breakfast or lunch. There is also a variation called changua or chingua, which is normally prepared with water, potatoes, milk, cream and coriander. Sometimes broth (caldo) and changua comes with chicken or beef. Not to be confused with ajaco, which is eaten in Bogota with creamy potato, huascas (green herb) and shredded chicken.

Obleas wafers

The wafer is a superfine cookie that is spread with Arequipe (caramel, sweetened milk spread). Over time, other ingredients such as cheese, blackberry, chocolate, etc. have been incorporated.

Masato

Masato is a fermented drink that is prepared with rice, water, wheat flour, sugar, cloves, and cinnamon. All this together forms a desired drink to accompany fritters or meat patties.

Chorizo from the San José Valley

12 km from San Gil, on the road that leads to Charalá, you will find a town called Valle de San José. People from this region say this is the best Colombian Chorizo, but people from Santa Rosa de Cabal, in the Coffee Zone, will tell you the same.

Beverages

Artists

Among the most outstanding and representative artists of the Colombian Santander Department are Segundo Agelvis, Mario Hernández Prada, Carlos Gómez Castro, Martín Quintero, Oscar Rodríguez Naranjo and Pacheco de Suratá.

Notable people

 
Antonia Santos

Administrative divisions

Provinces

The department is subdivided into provinces:

Municipalities

See also

References

  1. ^ "Estimaciones de Población 1985 - 2005 y Proyecciones de Población 2005 - 2020 Total Municipal por Área (estimate)". Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  2. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
  3. ^ "Reloj de Población". DANE. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísitica. Retrieved 6 July 2017.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Santander Department.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Santander, Colombia.
  • (in Spanish)

July 19, 2023
santander, department, santander, spanish, pronunciation, santanˈdeɾ, department, colombia, santander, inherited, name, nine, original, states, united, states, colombia, located, central, northern, part, country, borders, magdalena, river, east, boyacá, south,. Santander Spanish pronunciation santanˈdeɾ is a department of Colombia Santander inherited the name of one of the nine original states of the United States of Colombia It is located in the central northern part of the country borders the Magdalena River to the east Boyaca to the south and southeast the Norte de Santander Department to the northeast the Cesar Department to the north the Bolivar and Antioquia Departments to the west Its capital is the city of Bucaramanga Department of Santander Departamento de SantanderDepartmentFlagCoat of armsMotto s Santandereanos siempre adelante Spanish People of Santander always ahead Anthem Himno de SantanderSantander shown in redTopography of the departmentCoordinates 7 8 N 73 0 W 7 133 N 73 000 W 7 133 73 000Country ColombiaRegionAndean RegionEstablishedMay 13 1857CapitalBucaramangaLargest cityBucaramangaGovernment GovernorDidier Alberto Tavera Amado 2016 2019 Liberal Party Area Total30 537 km2 11 790 sq mi Rank12thPopulation 2018 1 Total2 184 837 Rank6th Density72 km2 190 sq mi Time zoneUTC 05ISO 3166 codeCO SANProvinces8Municipalities87HDI 2019 0 778 2 high 6th of 33Websitegobernaciondesantander gov co Contents 1 History 1 1 Pre Colombian era 1 2 Colonization 2 Culture 3 Cuisine 3 1 Goat 3 2 Arepa Santandereana 3 3 Mute 3 4 Pepitoria 3 5 Santander tamale 3 6 Oreada meat 3 7 Hormigas Culonas Big Bum Ants 3 8 Bocadillo Veleno 3 9 Broth 3 10 Obleas wafers 3 11 Masato 3 12 Chorizo from the San Jose Valley 3 13 Beverages 3 14 Artists 4 Notable people 5 Administrative divisions 5 1 Provinces 5 2 Municipalities 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory EditThis article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Santander Department news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Pre Colombian era Edit Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards the territory now known as Santander was inhabited by Amerindian ethnic groups Muisca Chitareros Laches Yarigui Opon Carare and Guanes Their political and social structure was based on cacicazgos a federation of tribes led by a cacique with different social classes Their main activity was planting maize beans yuca arracacha cotton agave tobacco tomato pineapple and guava among others Their agricultural skills were sufficiently developed to take advantage of the different mountainous terrains The Guanes utilized terraces and an artificial system of irrigation They had a knowledge of arts and crafts based on ovens to produce ceramics They had cotton to make clothing and accessories such as hats and bags Colonization Edit Spanish conqueror Antonio de Lebrija led the first expedition through the area in 1529 The area was later invaded c 1532 by German Ambrosius Ehinger in a quest to find El Dorado This disrupted or destroyed many of the Amerindian villages Some ethnic groups like the Yariguies Opones and Carares fought the conquerors until they became extinct Explorer Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada later went to the area in an effort to appease the tribes The colonization process in the area was started by Martin Galeano who founded the village of Velez on July 3 1539 and Pedro de Ursua and Ortun Velazquez de Velasco founded the village of Pamplona now part of the Norte de Santander Department in 1549 Once the Amerindian tribes were dominated the Spanish organized the territory based on Cabildos councils to maintain the dominance and administer justice in the conquered territory Amerindians were assimilated and subject to the encomienda regime to work in agriculture manufacturing goods and mines These two villages functioned as centers for the Cabildos territories In 1636 the Cabildo of Velez was transferred to a new jurisdiction centered on the village of Giron with an area which went from the Sogamoso River Rio del Oro to the Magdalena River The village of San Gil was created in 1689 segregated from the Jurisdiction of Velez In 1789 the village of Socorro was also segregated from Velez and they were all put under the mandate of the Province of Tunja a subdivision of the Viceroyalty of New Granada On July 9 1795 the corregimiento of Velez San Gil Socorro was created due to the unsustainability of the Province of Tunja and local government was established in the village of Socorro Culture EditHistorical populationYearPop 19731 127 999 19851 511 392 34 0 19931 811 741 19 9 20051 957 789 8 1 20182 184 837 11 6 Source 3 During the colony and independence war times people from Santander were specially recognized for their bravery in battle and their policy of not even a step back Soldiers from Santander were valued and respected but also difficult to control as they were in general more politically aware than people from other regions and therefore prone to question orders and law Nowadays they still retain those features as Santandereanos are normally depicted as cranky and stubborn not afraid of anything proud in extreme and speaking their minds without further consideration However people from Santander are also very gentle and kind have some social conventions of basic etiquette like saying hello first if you are the one arriving and never visiting someone for the first time without a small present In general they are normally warm and respectful but try not to make them angry Cuisine EditThis article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia s quality standards You can help The talk page may contain suggestions June 2022 Santander cuisine includes regional specialties and food from the Department s capital city of Bucaramanga and other cities such as Cepita The most famous dishes are sancocho oreada dried cured beef mute egg broth yellow arepa masato guarapo aguapanela tamale and the exotic culona ants Goat Edit Usually accompanied by pepitoria and yellow arepa it can be eaten fried oven baked or dried Arepa Santandereana Edit Flat corn bread This dish includes chicharron pork belly fat and cooked peeled corn When possible the peeled corn is roasted in clay pots to provide even more flavor Mute Edit A soup prepared with a variety of ingredients such as red meat tripe beef ribs grains potatoes pasta corn and spices Due to the ingredients included it has a thick consistency Pepitoria Edit Pepitoria is prepared with the intestines of a goat or lamb Served with rice yuca and potatoes Santander tamale Edit The tamale is a dish that is eaten in various parts of Colombia but in Santander it is prepared with peeled corn dough and filled with beef chicken or pork chickpeas onions and paprika It is then wrapped in banana leaf giving it a rectangular shape Oreada meat Edit This is a marinated salted sun dried beef ready to grill It is a classic dish that can be found in many restaurants as a specialty served with yucca and chili Hormigas Culonas Big Bum Ants Edit A traditional dish of the Guane indigenous inhabitants of this region The head wings and legs of these giant ants are removed leaving the body and bum to be fried and seasoned with salt Bocadillo Veleno Edit Created in the town of Velez the Veleno Sandwich is prepared with the pulp of ripe Guava and is wrapped in a bijao leaf giving it a characteristic flavor It is sometimes paired with goat cheese Broth Edit A soup prepared with water potatoes toast coriander and egg no milk or cream and enjoyed for breakfast or lunch There is also a variation called changua or chingua which is normally prepared with water potatoes milk cream and coriander Sometimes broth caldo and changua comes with chicken or beef Not to be confused with ajaco which is eaten in Bogota with creamy potato huascas green herb and shredded chicken Obleas wafers Edit The wafer is a superfine cookie that is spread with Arequipe caramel sweetened milk spread Over time other ingredients such as cheese blackberry chocolate etc have been incorporated Masato Edit Masato is a fermented drink that is prepared with rice water wheat flour sugar cloves and cinnamon All this together forms a desired drink to accompany fritters or meat patties Chorizo from the San Jose Valley Edit 12 km from San Gil on the road that leads to Charala you will find a town called Valle de San Jose People from this region say this is the best Colombian Chorizo but people from Santa Rosa de Cabal in the Coffee Zone will tell you the same Beverages Edit Chicha de maiz chicha from maize Chicha de corozo chicha from palm nut Masato Fermented rice drink Goat milk Guarapo Aguardiente alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane White rum Panela s limonada lemonade drink with sugar cane Artists Edit Among the most outstanding and representative artists of the Colombian Santander Department are Segundo Agelvis Mario Hernandez Prada Carlos Gomez Castro Martin Quintero Oscar Rodriguez Naranjo and Pacheco de Surata Notable people Edit Antonia SantosManuela Beltran 1724 a Neogranadine woman who organized a peasant revolt against excess taxation in 1780 Juan Eloy Valenzuela y Mantilla Spanish Wiki 1756 1834 a Colombian priest and botanist worked on the Royal Botanical Expedition to New Granada which classified plants and wildlife Maria Antonia Santos Plata 1782 in Pinchote 1819 in Socorro Santander was a Neogranadine peasant rebel leader and heroine Geo von Lengerke 1827 1882 was a German engineer merchant and landowner Ofelia Uribe de Acosta 1900 in Oiba 1988 in Bogota was a Colombian suffragist Oscar Rodriguez Naranjo 1907 2006 a painter from Socorro Santander Department Colombia His works include mainly oil paintings and sculptures Jose de Jesus Pimiento Rodriguez 1919 in Zapatoca 2019 a Colombian Prelate of the Catholic Church Virginia Gutierrez de Pineda 1921 in El Socorro Santander 1999 in Bogota was a Colombian anthropologist who pioneered work on Colombian family and medical anthropology Reiner Bredemeyer 1929 in Velez Santander 1995 a German composer Carlos Ardila Lulle 1930 2021 born in Bucaramanga a Colombian entrepreneur founded Organizacion Ardila Lulle Carlos Prada Sanmiguel 1939 2013 a Colombian Roman Catholic bishop Patricia Ariza born 1948 in Velez Santander a Colombian poet playwright and actorAdministrative divisions EditProvinces Edit The department is subdivided into provinces Metropolitana Province North Soto Province Comunera Province Guanenta Province Velez Province Garcia Rovira Province Mares Province Carare Opon Province Municipalities Edit Aguada Albania Aratoca Barbosa Barichara Barrancabermeja Betulia Bolivar Bucaramanga Cabrera California Capitanejo Carcasi Cepita Cerrito Charala Charta Chima Chipata Cimitarra Concepcion Confines Contratacion Coromoro Curiti El Carmen El Guacamayo El Penon El Playon Encino Enciso Florian Floridablanca Galan Gambita Giron Guaca Guadalupe Guapota Guavata Guepsa Hato Jesus Maria Jordan La Belleza Landazuri La Paz Lebrija Los Santos Macaravita Malaga Matanza Mogotes Molagavita Ocamonte Oiba Onzaga Palmar Palmas del Socorro Paramo Piedecuesta Pinchote Puente Nacional Puerto Parra Puerto Wilches Rionegro Sabana de Torres San Andres San Benito San Gil San Joaquin San Jose de Miranda San Miguel Santa Barbara Santa Helena del Opon San Vicente de Chucuri Simacota Socorro Suaita Sucre Surata Tona Valle de San Jose Velez Vetas Villanueva ZapatocaSee also EditPostage stamps and postal history of SantanderReferences Edit Estimaciones de Poblacion 1985 2005 y Proyecciones de Poblacion 2005 2020 Total Municipal por Area estimate Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica Retrieved 16 January 2016 Sub national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab hdi globaldatalab org Retrieved 2018 09 13 Reloj de Poblacion DANE Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadisitica Retrieved 6 July 2017 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Santander Department Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Santander Colombia in Spanish Government of Santander official website Official website of Santander Tourism Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Santander Department amp oldid 1164384080, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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