The Shrine of Santa Maria della Steccata is a Greek-cross design Renaissance church in central Parma, Italy. The name derives from the fence (Italian: steccato) in the church. A Nursing Madonna is enshrined within, crowned on 27 May 1601 by a Marian devotee, Fray Giacomo di Forli of the Capuchin order. Pope Benedict XVI raised the Marian sanctuary to the status of Basilica minor on 9 February 2008.
The Nursing Madonna enshrined and crowned by Jeronimo (Girolamo) Paolucci di Calboldi di Forli on 27 May 1601.
By 1492, the Knights of Malta built an small oratory here to house a putatively miraculous icon depicting Saint John the Baptist. It became associated with a religious confraternity in a neighboring house that had the image of the Madonna and Child, mentioned above, on the facade. Rumors of miracles performed by this image led to masses flocking to the site. This required the erection of a picket fence or stockade (steccato) around the icon, hence giving the image its name.
The Papal bull dated 1 March 1493 by Pope Alexander VI mentions the image by this name.[1] The popularity of the icons led the frescoed icon to be detached from a wall and moved to the oratory, and when that proved too small to accommodate the crowds, the commune of Parma patronized the construction of the church (1521—1539).[2]
Architecture
The architects were Bernardino Zaccagni and his son, Giovanni Francisco, with modifications by Gian Francesco d'Agrate, who also worked on the statuary gracing the roof-line. The dome (1526—1527) is attributed to Agrate, although with the help by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger.[3] The church was finally consecrated in 1539. The sacristy was rebuilt over the following centuries.[4]
The layout is that mainly of a centralized Greek Cross church with four arms, although the entrance elongates through an arch to form the Coro dei Cavallieri. In the crossing is the majestic dome. Each arm has a half-dome, while between the arms are four corner chapels.
The interior was decorated by prominent artists, both local and foreign to Parma over the following centuries after completion of the building.
The tribune has a Baroque altar in the choir was begun by Mauro Oddi and completed in 1758-1765 by Andrea and Domenico della Meschina. The main altarpiece displays the famous icon inside a gilded frame replete with cherubs and putti and a gilded crown; the ensemble flanked by two King Solomonic columns flanked by two pillars. At the base are two statues, Saint Joseph and King David, sculpted by Francesco and Giovanni Baratta. In the hemicycle above the altar, is a large fresco depicting a Coronation of the Virgin with Saints (1541), painted by Michelangelo Anselmi.[5] He also painted the adjacent ceiling fresco depicting the Adoration of the Magi. Behind the altar is a semicircle of wooden choir stalls.
In the sacristy and sanctuary, many of the fresco figures and decorations were painted or planned by a young Parmigianino,[6] whilst the church also houses c.1523 two oil on canvas paintings by him of Saint Cecilia and King David, both originally intended as organ doors.
Other artists include Bernardino Gatti, who frescoed parts of the ceiling. The Dutch painter Jan Soens painted a Holy Family. Giambettino Cignaroli painted a Trinity with Saints Niccolò, Basilius, and Gregory. A somewhat retrograde mannerist Madonna and Bambino, with Saints Joseph & George was painted by Marcantonio Franceschini in 1718. A mannerist Redeemer with St. Anthony of Padua and the Magdalen was painted by Girolamo Mazzola Bedoli, based on a commission from 1605 for the price of 60 ducats and 76 soldi.[7] The Parmesan painter Aurelio Barili painted frescoes in 1588.
On 29 September 2012, Carlos Hugo's granddaughter, Princess Luisa of Bourbon-Parma, second child of Carlos, Duke of Parma, was baptised at the church.[citation needed]
^La patria; geografia dell' Italia, Provincie di Parma e Piacenza, edited by Gustavo Chiesi, Luigi Borsari, Giuseppe Isidoro Arneudo, Turin (1902), page 30.
^Emilia Romagna, by Touring Club Italiano (1991): page 498.
^Emilia Romagna, by Touring Club Italiano (1991): page 498.
sanctuary, santa, maria, della, steccata, shrine, santa, maria, della, steccata, greek, cross, design, renaissance, church, central, parma, italy, name, derives, from, fence, italian, steccato, church, nursing, madonna, enshrined, within, crowned, 1601, marian. The Shrine of Santa Maria della Steccata is a Greek cross design Renaissance church in central Parma Italy The name derives from the fence Italian steccato in the church A Nursing Madonna is enshrined within crowned on 27 May 1601 by a Marian devotee Fray Giacomo di Forli of the Capuchin order Pope Benedict XVI raised the Marian sanctuary to the status of Basilica minor on 9 February 2008 Shrine of Santa Maria della Steccata Shrine of Santa Maria della Steccata Contents 1 History 2 Architecture 3 Internal decor 4 Dukes of Parma 5 Burials 5 1 House of Farnese 5 2 House of Bourbon Parma 6 See also 7 ReferencesHistory Edit The Nursing Madonna enshrined and crowned by Jeronimo Girolamo Paolucci di Calboldi di Forli on 27 May 1601 By 1492 the Knights of Malta built an small oratory here to house a putatively miraculous icon depicting Saint John the Baptist It became associated with a religious confraternity in a neighboring house that had the image of the Madonna and Child mentioned above on the facade Rumors of miracles performed by this image led to masses flocking to the site This required the erection of a picket fence or stockade steccato around the icon hence giving the image its name The Papal bull dated 1 March 1493 by Pope Alexander VI mentions the image by this name 1 The popularity of the icons led the frescoed icon to be detached from a wall and moved to the oratory and when that proved too small to accommodate the crowds the commune of Parma patronized the construction of the church 1521 1539 2 Architecture EditThe architects were Bernardino Zaccagni and his son Giovanni Francisco with modifications by Gian Francesco d Agrate who also worked on the statuary gracing the roof line The dome 1526 1527 is attributed to Agrate although with the help by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger 3 The church was finally consecrated in 1539 The sacristy was rebuilt over the following centuries 4 The layout is that mainly of a centralized Greek Cross church with four arms although the entrance elongates through an arch to form the Coro dei Cavallieri In the crossing is the majestic dome Each arm has a half dome while between the arms are four corner chapels Internal decor Edit Bernardino Gatti Assumption of Mary The interior was decorated by prominent artists both local and foreign to Parma over the following centuries after completion of the building The tribune has a Baroque altar in the choir was begun by Mauro Oddi and completed in 1758 1765 by Andrea and Domenico della Meschina The main altarpiece displays the famous icon inside a gilded frame replete with cherubs and putti and a gilded crown the ensemble flanked by two King Solomonic columns flanked by two pillars At the base are two statues Saint Joseph and King David sculpted by Francesco and Giovanni Baratta In the hemicycle above the altar is a large fresco depicting a Coronation of the Virgin with Saints 1541 painted by Michelangelo Anselmi 5 He also painted the adjacent ceiling fresco depicting the Adoration of the Magi Behind the altar is a semicircle of wooden choir stalls In the sacristy and sanctuary many of the fresco figures and decorations were painted or planned by a young Parmigianino 6 whilst the church also houses c 1523 two oil on canvas paintings by him of Saint Cecilia and King David both originally intended as organ doors Other artists include Bernardino Gatti who frescoed parts of the ceiling The Dutch painter Jan Soens painted a Holy Family Giambettino Cignaroli painted a Trinity with Saints Niccolo Basilius and Gregory A somewhat retrograde mannerist Madonna and Bambino with Saints Joseph amp George was painted by Marcantonio Franceschini in 1718 A mannerist Redeemer with St Anthony of Padua and the Magdalen was painted by Girolamo Mazzola Bedoli based on a commission from 1605 for the price of 60 ducats and 76 soldi 7 The Parmesan painter Aurelio Barili painted frescoes in 1588 The church contains funeral monuments of Bertrando Rossi Ottavio Farnese Sforzino Sforza and Adam Albert von Neipperg by Lorenzo Bartolini Dukes of Parma EditIn the crypt are the tombs of twenty six members of the Farnese family including Alexander Farnese Duke of Parma and his wife Infanta Maria of Portugal Also the later titular Dukes of Parma and Piacenza of the House of Bourbon Parma found here their final resting place In a niche is a crystal urn containing the heart of Charles III Duke of Parma On 28 August 2010 the body of Carlos Hugo Duke of Parma former Head of the House of Bourbon Parma between 1977 and 2010 and ex husband of Princess Irene of the Netherlands was interred in the crypt 8 On 29 September 2012 Carlos Hugo s granddaughter Princess Luisa of Bourbon Parma second child of Carlos Duke of Parma was baptised at the church citation needed In 2021 Princess Maria Teresa of Bourbon Parma and Princess Cecile Marie of Bourbon Parma were buried there Burials EditHouse of Farnese Edit Duke Ottavio I Farnese 1524 1586 second Duke of Parma and Piacenza Duke Alexander I Farnese 1545 1592 third Duke of Parma and Piacenza Infanta Maria of Portugal 1538 1577 wife of Alexander Farnese Crown Princess consort of Parma and Piacenza Princess Margherita Farnese 1567 1643 daughter of Alexander I Farnese Princess of Parma and Piacenza Hereditary Princess of Mantua by marriage Duke Ranuccio I Farnese 1569 1622 fourth Duke of Parma and Piacenza Princess Margherita Aldobrandini 1588 1646 wife of Ranuccio I Farnese Duchess consort of Parma and Piacenza Duke Odoardo I Farnese 1612 1646 fifth Duke of Parma and Piacenza Princess Margherita de Medici of Tuscany 1612 1679 wife of Odoardo I Farnese Duchess consort of Parma and Piacenza Duke Ranuccio II Farnese 1630 1694 sixth Duke of Parma and Piacenza Princess Margaret Yolande of Savoy 1635 1663 first wife of Ranuccio II Farnese Duchess consort of Parma and Piacenza Princess Isabella d Este of Modena 1635 1666 second wife of Ranuccio II Farnese Duchess consort of Parma and Piacenza Princess Maria d Este of Modena 1644 1684 third wife of Ranuccio II Farnese Duchess consort of Parma and Piacenza Prince Pietro Farnese 1639 1677 son of Odoardo I Farnese Prince of Parma and Piacenza Princess Margherita Maria Farnese 1664 1718 daughter of Ranuccio II Farnese Princess of Parma and Piacenza Duchess consort of Modena and Reggio by marriage Prince Odoardo Farnese 1666 1693 son of Ranuccio II Farnese Crown Prince of Parma and Piacenza Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg 1670 1748 wife of Crown Prince Odoardo Farnese Crown Princess consort of Parma and Piacenza she remarried Duke Francesco I Farnese Duchess consort of Parma and Piacenza Prince Alexander Ignazio Farnese 1691 1693 son of Crown Prince Odoardo Farnese Prince of Parma and Piacenza Princess Vittoria Farnese 1672 1672 daughter of Ranuccio II Farnese Princess of Parma and Piacenza Princess Caterina Farnese 1672 1672 daughter of Ranuccio II Farnese and twin of Vittoria Farnese Princess of Parma and Piacenza Princess Eleonora Farnese 1675 1675 daughter of Ranuccio II Farnese Princess of Parma and Piacenza Duke Francesco I Farnese 1678 1727 seventh Duke of Parma and Piacenza Duke Antonio I Farnese 1679 1731 eighth Duke of Parma and Piacenza House of Bourbon Parma Edit Duke Philip I of Parma 1720 1765 twelfth Duke of Parma and Piacenza first Duke of Guastalla Prince Philip Maria of Parma 1783 1786 son of Duke Ferdinand I of Parma Prince of Parma Piacenza and Guastalla Princess Maria Antonietta Luisa of Parma 1784 1785 daughter of Duke Ferdinand I of Parma Princess of Parma Piacenza and Guastalla Princess Maria Luisa of Parma 1787 1789 daughter of Duke Ferdinand I of Parma Princess of Parma Piacenza and Guastalla Princess Maria Enrichetta of Parma 1788 1799 daughter of Duke Ferdinand I of Parma Princess of Parma Piacenza and Guastalla Duke Charles III of Parma 1823 1854 sixteenth Duke of Parma and Piacenza Duke Carlos IV of Parma 1930 2010 twenty third Duke of Parma and Piacenza titular Princess Marie Therese of Parma 1933 2020 sister of Carlos IV Princess of Parma and Piacenza Princess Cecile Marie of Parma 1935 2021 sister of Carlos IV Princess of Parma and Piacenza See also EditCategory Burials at the Sanctuary of Santa Maria della SteccataReferences Edit La patria geografia dell Italia Provincie di Parma e Piacenza edited by Gustavo Chiesi Luigi Borsari Giuseppe Isidoro Arneudo Turin 1902 page 30 Emilia Romagna by Touring Club Italiano 1991 page 498 Emilia Romagna by Touring Club Italiano 1991 page 498 Story of construction Anselmi fresco Parmigianino frescoes Mazzola Bedoli painting Bisschop Bar concelebreert in uitvaartmis Carlos Hugo website Rooms Katholiek Kerkgenootschap in Dutch Coordinates 44 48 09 N 10 19 39 E 44 80250 N 10 32750 E 44 80250 10 32750 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata amp oldid 1131346695, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
