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Ottavio Farnese (9 October 1524 – 18 September 1586) reigned as Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1547 until his death and Duke of Castro from 1545 to 1547 and from 1553 until his death.
On 4 November 1538 Ottavio married Margaret of Austria, the illegitimate daughter of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[2] Ottavio was 14 years old, while Margaret, recently widowed by the death of Alessandro de' Medici, was 15. At first she disliked her youthful bridegroom, but when he returned wounded from an expedition to Algiers in 1541 her aversion was turned to affection.[3]
Ottavio had become lord of Camerino in 1540, but he gave up that fief when his father became duke of Parma in 1545. After the Parmesan nobility assassinated Pierluigi Farnese in 1547, troops of the Emperor occupied Piacenza. Pope Paul III attempted to regain Piacenza; he set aside Ottavio's claims to the succession of Parma,[citation needed] where he appointed a papal legate, giving him back Camerino in exchange, and then claimed Piacenza from the emperor — not for the Farnese, but for the Church.[3]
Ottavio attempted to seize Parma by force, and having failed, entered into negotiations with Ferrante Gonzaga. This rebellion on the part of his grandson is believed to have hastened the Pope's death on 10 November 1549. During the interregnum that followed, Ottavio again tried to induce the governor of Parma to give up the city to him, but met with no better success; however, on the election of Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte to the papacy as Julius III, the duchy was conferred on him in 1551.[4]
This did not end Ottavio's quarrel with the Emperor Charles V, for Gonzaga refused to give up Piacenza and even threatened to occupy Parma, so that Ottavio was driven into the arms of France. Julius III, who was anxious to be on good terms with Charles V on account of the Council of Trent which was then sitting, ordered Farnese to hand Parma over to the papal authorities once more, and on his refusal hurled censures and admonitions at his head, and deprived him of his Roman fiefs, while Charles did the same with regard to those in Lombardy. A French army came to protect Parma, the War of Parma broke out, and Gonzaga at once laid siege to the city. But the duke came to an arrangement with his father-in-law, by which he regained Piacenza and his other fiefs. The rest of his life was spent quietly at home, where the moderation and wisdom of his rule won for him the affection of his people.[5]
At his death in 1586 his only legitimate son Alessandro succeeded him.[5]
Gamrath, Helge (2007). Farnese: Pomp, Power and Politics in Renaissance Italy. "L'Erma" di Bretschneider.
Hanlon, Gregory (2019). The Hero of Italy: Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma, His Soldiers, and His Subjects in the Thirty Years' War. Oxford University Press.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Villari, Luigi (1911). "Farnese s.v. Orazio". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 183–184.
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Not to be confused with Ottavio Farnese 1598 1643 This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Ottavio Farnese Duke of Parma news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2012 Ottavio Farnese 9 October 1524 18 September 1586 reigned as Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1547 until his death and Duke of Castro from 1545 to 1547 and from 1553 until his death Ottavio FarneseDuke of Parma and PiacenzaReign10 September 1547 18 September 1586PredecessorPier LuigiSuccessorAlexanderBorn9 October 1524Valentano Papal StatesDied18 September 1586 1586 09 18 aged 61 Piacenza Duchy of Parma and PiacenzaBurialSanta Maria della SteccataSpouseMargaret of ParmaIssueAlexander Farnese Duke of ParmaHouseFarneseFatherPier Luigi Farnese Duke of ParmaMotherGerolama Orsini Contents 1 Biography 2 Issue 3 References 4 SourcesBiography Edit Stemma of Ottavio Farnese Born in Valentano Ottavio was the second son of Pier Luigi Farnese Duke of Parma and Piacenza and Gerolama Orsini 1 His father was the grandson of Pope Paul III and brother to Cardinal Ranuccio Farnese On 4 November 1538 Ottavio married Margaret of Austria the illegitimate daughter of Charles V Holy Roman Emperor 2 Ottavio was 14 years old while Margaret recently widowed by the death of Alessandro de Medici was 15 At first she disliked her youthful bridegroom but when he returned wounded from an expedition to Algiers in 1541 her aversion was turned to affection 3 Ottavio had become lord of Camerino in 1540 but he gave up that fief when his father became duke of Parma in 1545 After the Parmesan nobility assassinated Pierluigi Farnese in 1547 troops of the Emperor occupied Piacenza Pope Paul III attempted to regain Piacenza he set aside Ottavio s claims to the succession of Parma citation needed where he appointed a papal legate giving him back Camerino in exchange and then claimed Piacenza from the emperor not for the Farnese but for the Church 3 Ottavio attempted to seize Parma by force and having failed entered into negotiations with Ferrante Gonzaga This rebellion on the part of his grandson is believed to have hastened the Pope s death on 10 November 1549 During the interregnum that followed Ottavio again tried to induce the governor of Parma to give up the city to him but met with no better success however on the election of Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte to the papacy as Julius III the duchy was conferred on him in 1551 4 This did not end Ottavio s quarrel with the Emperor Charles V for Gonzaga refused to give up Piacenza and even threatened to occupy Parma so that Ottavio was driven into the arms of France Julius III who was anxious to be on good terms with Charles V on account of the Council of Trent which was then sitting ordered Farnese to hand Parma over to the papal authorities once more and on his refusal hurled censures and admonitions at his head and deprived him of his Roman fiefs while Charles did the same with regard to those in Lombardy A French army came to protect Parma the War of Parma broke out and Gonzaga at once laid siege to the city But the duke came to an arrangement with his father in law by which he regained Piacenza and his other fiefs The rest of his life was spent quietly at home where the moderation and wisdom of his rule won for him the affection of his people 5 At his death in 1586 his only legitimate son Alessandro succeeded him 5 Issue EditOttavio and his wife Margherita had Charles Farnese Italian Carlo Farnese Spanish Carlos Farnesio German Karl Farnese 27 August 1545 September 1545 heir to the Duchy of Parma Alexander Farnese 27 August 1545 3 December 1592 3rd Duke of Parma married Infanta Maria of Portugal 1 Ottavio also had two other daughters Violante married to Torquato Conti not to be confused with his grandson Torquato Conti c 1520 c 1575 and had issue Ersilia 1565 1596 married to Renato Borromeo Conte di Arona 1555 1608 first cousin of St Charles Borromeo and had issue References Edit a b Gamrath 2007 p 25 Hanlon 2019 p 8 a b Villari 1911 p 183 Villari 1911 pp 183 184 a b Villari 1911 p 184 Sources EditGamrath Helge 2007 Farnese Pomp Power and Politics in Renaissance Italy L Erma di Bretschneider Hanlon Gregory 2019 The Hero of Italy Odoardo Farnese Duke of Parma His Soldiers and His Subjects in the Thirty Years War Oxford University Press This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Villari Luigi 1911 Farnese s v Orazio In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 10 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 183 184 Ottavio Farnese Duke of ParmaHouse of FarneseBorn 9 October 1521 Died 18 September 1586Regnal titlesPreceded byPier Luigi Duke of Parma1547 1586 Succeeded byAlessandro Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ottavio Farnese Duke of Parma amp oldid 1118413529, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
