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Sanhedria Cemetery

April 11, 2024

For the Tombs of the Sanhedrin, see Rock-cut tombs in Israel § Second Temple period.

Sanhedria Cemetery (Hebrew: בית עלמין סנהדריה) is a 27-dunam (6.67-acre)[1] Jewish burial ground in the Sanhedria neighborhood of Jerusalem, adjacent to the intersection of Levi Eshkol Boulevard, Shmuel HaNavi Street, and Bar-Ilan Street. Unlike the Mount of Olives and Har HaMenuchot cemeteries that are located on the outer edges of the city, Sanhedria Cemetery is situated in the heart of western Jerusalem, in proximity to residential housing. It is operated under the jurisdiction of the Kehilat Yerushalayim chevra kadisha (burial society) and accepts Jews from all religious communities.[2] As of the 2000s, the cemetery is nearly filled to capacity.[3]

Sanhedria Cemetery
בית עלמין סנהדריה‎
Partial view of Sanhedria Cemetery, with Shmuel HaNavi neighborhood in background.
Details
EstablishedMarch 1948
Location
Sanhedria, Jerusalem
Size27 dunam (6.67 acre)[1]
Find a GraveSanhedria Cemetery

History edit

Until 1948, Jewish burials in Jerusalem were conducted in the centuries-old Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives. In January 1948, the Arab siege of Jerusalem made the Mount of Olives inaccessible, as the route to the cemetery passed through hostile Arab villages.[4] The catalyst for the opening of Sanhedria Cemetery was the March 23, 1948 explosion of three British army trucks filled with kerosene on Ben Yehuda Street in downtown Jerusalem. The explosion collapsed the Atlantic Hotel and heavily damaged adjacent buildings.[2] Forty-two[3] Jewish men, women, and children were killed in the blast, but there was nowhere to bury them. While the bodies lay in the courtyard of the Bikur Holim Hospital for five days, representatives of the Kehilat Yerushalayim chevra kadisha scoured the city for a suitable location for a new cemetery.[2] An empty lot next to the Sanhedria neighborhood,[5] in the vicinity of a government agricultural experiments station,[2] was deemed appropriate, and permission was obtained from British Mandate authorities.[6] The site was hastily consecrated by Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog and Sephardi Chief Rabbi Ben-Zion Hai Uziel, and the bodies were buried on the fifth day in the presence of thousands.[2]

In April 1948, 47 victims of the Hadassah medical convoy massacre, burned beyond recognition, were buried in a mass grave in the Sanhedria Cemetery. In the 1970s the son of one of the victims discovered that only 25 victims had actually been buried here and 22 had been declared missing.[7]

With the outbreak of war in May 1948, Sanhedria Cemetery was located close to the front line on the northern border; for a while it was completely exposed to enemy fire. Burials resumed after the first cease fire on June 11, 1948, but four weeks later, the pallbearers at a funeral were targeted by Arab sniper fire and one died, causing a cessation of burials once again.[2] Two small burial grounds in central Jerusalem – Sheikh Badr Cemetery in the Sheikh Badr neighborhood, and Shaare Zedek Cemetery behind the first Shaare Zedek Hospital – were then opened and used until the end of the war.[6]

Following the 1949 Armistice Agreement, with the Mount of Olives remaining under Jordanian control, Sanhedria Cemetery became a regular burial ground. With the opening of the new neighborhoods of Shmuel HaNavi, Maalot Dafna, and Ramat Eshkol, the cemetery was encircled by residential housing.[3]

After the establishment of the State of Israel, it emerged that the cemetery was not registered with the government land-ownership office and was in violation of certain building codes. While Israeli law mandates a minimum distance of 100 metres (330 ft) between graves and apartment houses, in some sections of Sanhedria Cemetery the distance is only 20 metres (66 ft). As a result of procedural violations, the cemetery was tied up in litigation for many years.[2]

Operation edit

 
Sanhedria Funeral Parlor (right) with its large lettered Hebrew sign, "Meeting Place for All the Living".

Sanhedria Cemetery is operated under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Kehilat Yerushalayim chevra kadisha. This burial society was founded in 1939 by Zionist leaders and moderate rabbis of the Old Yishuv, leading many Haredi residents of the Old Yishuv to shun the Sanhedria Cemetery.[6]

Graves are topped by a horizontal, rectangular limestone gravestone engraved with the name, date, and accolades of the deceased.[8] The gravestones of Eleazar Sukenik, a noted Israeli archeologist who researched the nearby Tombs of the Sanhedrin, and his wife Chassia, are uniquely decorated with carvings and motifs of the Second Temple era.[8]

The cost of burial at Sanhedria Cemetery is not subsidized by the state, as in other cemeteries. In September 2008 the price of a double plot stood at 75,000 shekels (approximately US$21,000).[9]

 
Interior of Sanhedria Funeral Parlor.

At the southern end of the cemetery stands the Sanhedria Funeral Parlor, which also conducts funeral services for burials in other cemeteries.[10] In 1992, former Prime Minister Menachem Begin eschewed a state funeral in favor of eulogies at the Sanhedria Funeral Parlor and burial at the Mount of Olives.[11][12] The side of the funeral parlor overlooking the busy commercial intersection of Shmuel HaNavi and Bar-Ilan Streets displays large metal letters that read: בית מועד לכל חי ("Meeting Place for All the Living").[13]

A sign posted on the outer wall of the cemetery, facing Levi Eshkol Boulevard, warns Kohanim not to pass under the trees overhanging the wall in order to avoid tumat ohel.

Notable burials edit

Rabbis edit

Israeli academics and government figures edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Avni, Eran (13 January 2008). בתי קברות יהודיים בירושלים [Jewish Cemeteries in Jerusalem] (in Hebrew). Machon Yerushalayim Lechaker Yisrael. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Rossoff, Dovid (2005). קדושים אשר בארץ: קברי צדיקים בירושלים ובני ברק [The Holy Ones in the Earth: Graves of Tzaddikim in Jerusalem and Bnei Brak] (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Machon Otzar HaTorah. pp. 335–336.
  3. ^ a b c Tagger, Mathilde A. (Fall 2003). "Jewish Cemeteries in Jerusalem". Avotaynu. 19 (3).
  4. ^ Bar-Am, Aviva (31 December 2010). . The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2012. (subscription required)
  5. ^ Casper, Batya (2011). Israela. Tate Publishing. p. 168. ISBN 978-1617778285.
  6. ^ a b c Samsonowitz, M. (16 October 2002). "Burial in Jerusalem: The Har Menuchos Cemetery – Part I". Dei'ah VeDibur. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  7. ^ Gordon, Evelyn (28 October 1996). . The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2012. (subscription required)
  8. ^ a b c d "Introduction to the Reprint" in Sukenik, Eleazar Lipa. The Ancient Synagogue of Beth Alpha: An Account of the Excavations Conducted on Behalf of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. 1975: Gorgias Press, ISBN 1593330782, p. v.
  9. ^ Wagner, Matthew (8 September 2008). "Cost of dying is on the rise. Jerusalem, Haifa and Herzliya most expensive places for burial". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2012. (subscription required)
  10. ^ Keinon, Herb (9 January 1995). . The Jerusalem Post (subscription required). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  11. ^ Sedan, Gil (10 March 1992). . Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2012. (subscription required)
  12. ^ Hurwitz, Zvi Harry (2004). Begin: His life, words and deeds. Gefen Publishing House. p. 239. ISBN 9652293245.
  13. ^ Elbaum, Dov. חיי עם האבות, אגדה אוטוביוגרפית [Lives of the Nation of the Patriarchs, An Autobiographical Story] (in Hebrew). am-oved.co.il. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  14. ^ . The Jerusalem Post. 14 July 1998. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2012. (subscription required)
  15. ^ and "two of his sons" (R"L)
  16. ^ Rossoff (2005), pp. 352–353.
  17. ^ "Yahrzeit Observances – Kislev 5772" (PDF). Union of Synagogues in Israel. 2011. p. 3. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  18. ^ The Israel Digest of Press and Events in Israel and the Middle East, Volumes 1–3. Israel Digest. 1958. p. 15.
  19. ^ Rossoff (2005), p. 356.
  20. ^ Sadqa Hussein II, Hebrew; MyTzadik.com
  21. ^ Rossoff (2005), p. 339.
  22. ^ Katz, Shlomo (16 May 1998). "R' Shraga Moshe Kalmanowitz a"h". torah.org. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  23. ^ Meringer, Motty (3 April 2009). . Tog News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  24. ^ Raz, Simcha (1976). A Tzaddik in Our Time: The life of Rabbi Aryeh Levin. Feldheim Publishers. pp. 383–384. ISBN 0873069862.
  25. ^ Rossoff (2005), pp. 360–361.
  26. ^ Benari, Elad (12 January 2012). "Video, Photos: Funeral of Rabbi Nissan Aharon Tikochinsky". Arutz Sheva.
  27. ^ Rossoff (2005), p. 350.
  28. ^ Rossoff (2005), p. 347.
  29. ^ de:David Alexander Winter
  30. ^ Keinon, Herb (19 June 1995). "National religious leader Rabbi Shaul Yisraeli buried". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2012. (subscription required)
  31. ^ Lev, David (7 October 2013). "Police: Rabbi Yosef's Funeral Largest in Israel's History". Israel National News. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  32. ^ Roth, Irene (1982). Cecil Roth, historian without tears: A memoir. Sepher-Hermon Press. p. 249. ISBN 0872031039.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sanhedria Cemetery.
  • "Family suspected of moving ultra-Orthodox rabbi's body to more 'religious' cemetery" Haaretz, 7 August 2012
  • Sanhedria Cemetery at Find a Grave  

31°47′49″N 35°13′16″E / 31.797°N 35.221°E / 31.797; 35.221

April 11, 2024
sanhedria, cemetery, tombs, sanhedrin, rock, tombs, israel, second, temple, period, hebrew, בית, עלמין, סנהדריה, dunam, acre, jewish, burial, ground, sanhedria, neighborhood, jerusalem, adjacent, intersection, levi, eshkol, boulevard, shmuel, hanavi, street, i. For the Tombs of the Sanhedrin see Rock cut tombs in Israel Second Temple period Sanhedria Cemetery Hebrew בית עלמין סנהדריה is a 27 dunam 6 67 acre 1 Jewish burial ground in the Sanhedria neighborhood of Jerusalem adjacent to the intersection of Levi Eshkol Boulevard Shmuel HaNavi Street and Bar Ilan Street Unlike the Mount of Olives and Har HaMenuchot cemeteries that are located on the outer edges of the city Sanhedria Cemetery is situated in the heart of western Jerusalem in proximity to residential housing It is operated under the jurisdiction of the Kehilat Yerushalayim chevra kadisha burial society and accepts Jews from all religious communities 2 As of the 2000s the cemetery is nearly filled to capacity 3 Sanhedria Cemeteryבית עלמין סנהדריה Partial view of Sanhedria Cemetery with Shmuel HaNavi neighborhood in background DetailsEstablishedMarch 1948LocationSanhedria JerusalemSize27 dunam 6 67 acre 1 Find a GraveSanhedria Cemetery Contents 1 History 2 Operation 3 Notable burials 3 1 Rabbis 3 2 Israeli academics and government figures 4 References 5 External linksHistory editUntil 1948 Jewish burials in Jerusalem were conducted in the centuries old Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives In January 1948 the Arab siege of Jerusalem made the Mount of Olives inaccessible as the route to the cemetery passed through hostile Arab villages 4 The catalyst for the opening of Sanhedria Cemetery was the March 23 1948 explosion of three British army trucks filled with kerosene on Ben Yehuda Street in downtown Jerusalem The explosion collapsed the Atlantic Hotel and heavily damaged adjacent buildings 2 Forty two 3 Jewish men women and children were killed in the blast but there was nowhere to bury them While the bodies lay in the courtyard of the Bikur Holim Hospital for five days representatives of the Kehilat Yerushalayim chevra kadisha scoured the city for a suitable location for a new cemetery 2 An empty lot next to the Sanhedria neighborhood 5 in the vicinity of a government agricultural experiments station 2 was deemed appropriate and permission was obtained from British Mandate authorities 6 The site was hastily consecrated by Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog and Sephardi Chief Rabbi Ben Zion Hai Uziel and the bodies were buried on the fifth day in the presence of thousands 2 In April 1948 47 victims of the Hadassah medical convoy massacre burned beyond recognition were buried in a mass grave in the Sanhedria Cemetery In the 1970s the son of one of the victims discovered that only 25 victims had actually been buried here and 22 had been declared missing 7 With the outbreak of war in May 1948 Sanhedria Cemetery was located close to the front line on the northern border for a while it was completely exposed to enemy fire Burials resumed after the first cease fire on June 11 1948 but four weeks later the pallbearers at a funeral were targeted by Arab sniper fire and one died causing a cessation of burials once again 2 Two small burial grounds in central Jerusalem Sheikh Badr Cemetery in the Sheikh Badr neighborhood and Shaare Zedek Cemetery behind the first Shaare Zedek Hospital were then opened and used until the end of the war 6 Following the 1949 Armistice Agreement with the Mount of Olives remaining under Jordanian control Sanhedria Cemetery became a regular burial ground With the opening of the new neighborhoods of Shmuel HaNavi Maalot Dafna and Ramat Eshkol the cemetery was encircled by residential housing 3 After the establishment of the State of Israel it emerged that the cemetery was not registered with the government land ownership office and was in violation of certain building codes While Israeli law mandates a minimum distance of 100 metres 330 ft between graves and apartment houses in some sections of Sanhedria Cemetery the distance is only 20 metres 66 ft As a result of procedural violations the cemetery was tied up in litigation for many years 2 Operation edit nbsp Sanhedria Funeral Parlor right with its large lettered Hebrew sign Meeting Place for All the Living Sanhedria Cemetery is operated under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Kehilat Yerushalayim chevra kadisha This burial society was founded in 1939 by Zionist leaders and moderate rabbis of the Old Yishuv leading many Haredi residents of the Old Yishuv to shun the Sanhedria Cemetery 6 Graves are topped by a horizontal rectangular limestone gravestone engraved with the name date and accolades of the deceased 8 The gravestones of Eleazar Sukenik a noted Israeli archeologist who researched the nearby Tombs of the Sanhedrin and his wife Chassia are uniquely decorated with carvings and motifs of the Second Temple era 8 The cost of burial at Sanhedria Cemetery is not subsidized by the state as in other cemeteries In September 2008 the price of a double plot stood at 75 000 shekels approximately US 21 000 9 nbsp Interior of Sanhedria Funeral Parlor At the southern end of the cemetery stands the Sanhedria Funeral Parlor which also conducts funeral services for burials in other cemeteries 10 In 1992 former Prime Minister Menachem Begin eschewed a state funeral in favor of eulogies at the Sanhedria Funeral Parlor and burial at the Mount of Olives 11 12 The side of the funeral parlor overlooking the busy commercial intersection of Shmuel HaNavi and Bar Ilan Streets displays large metal letters that read בית מועד לכל חי Meeting Place for All the Living 13 A sign posted on the outer wall of the cemetery facing Levi Eshkol Boulevard warns Kohanim not to pass under the trees overhanging the wall in order to avoid tumat ohel Notable burials editRabbis edit Shalom Cohen rabbi rabbi in jerusalem oldest member of moetzet chachmei hatorah and rosh yehiva of Porat Yosef Yeshiva buried right near rav Ovadia Yosef Ben Zion Abba Shaul 1924 1998 rosh yeshiva of Porat Yosef Yeshiva Jerusalem 14 follow the left path go up the stairs on the left between the steps from the second level to the third Shmuel Berenbaum 1920 2008 rosh yeshiva of the Mir yeshiva Brooklyn NY 15 Yaakov Moshe Charlap 1882 1951 rabbi of Sha arei Hesed neighborhood of Jerusalem and rosh yeshiva of Mercaz HaRav Kook 16 17 a few rows to the right of the path in the central area by the entrance Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog 1888 1959 Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel 18 Yisrael Elazar Hopstein 1898 1966 Kohnitzer Rebbe 19 Sadqa Hussein 1876 1961 rabbi of Shemesh Sedaqah Synagogue Jerusalem 20 Avraham Kalmanowitz 1891 1964 rosh yeshiva of the Mir yeshiva Brooklyn NY 21 Shraga Moshe Kalmanowitz 1918 1998 22 rosh yeshiva of the Mir yeshiva Brooklyn NY Aryeh Levin 1885 1969 Jerusalem tzadik and Rav of the Prisoners 23 24 in the Charlap row Shimshon Aharon Polanski 1876 1948 Rav of Teplik Ukraine 25 Avraham Elimelech Shapira d 1966 Grodzhisker Rebbe David Feuerwerker 1912 1980 Chief Rabbi of Lyon France Rabbi in Neuilly sur Seine and Paris Dayan in the Vaad Hair of Montreal Canada Nissan Aharon Tikochinsky 1922 2012 director Etz Chaim Yeshiva 26 Yechiel Michel Tucazinsky 1872 1955 Talmudist and educator 27 Duvid Twersky 1872 1950 Rachmastrivka Rebbe of Jerusalem 28 Yehuda Tzadka 1910 1991 rosh yeshiva of Porat Yosef Yeshiva Jerusalem about halfway in on the right side by the fence with a tall sign next to the grave David Alexander Winter 1878 1953 Rabbi in Lubeck 29 Shaul Yisraeli 1909 1995 rosh yeshiva of Mercaz HaRav Kook 30 Ovadia Yosef 1920 2013 Former Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel 31 All the way to the far right upon entering Israeli academics and government figures edit Yehuda Amichai 1924 2000 Israeli poet Umberto Cassuto 1883 1951 Italian Jewish Biblical scholar 8 Gad Frumkin 1887 1960 Israel High Court judge Simcha Holtzberg 1924 1994 Israeli activist David Horowitz 1899 1979 first governor of the Bank of Israel Esther Raziel Naor 1911 2002 Israeli politician Cecil Roth British Jewish historian 1899 1970 32 Gershom Scholem 1897 1982 German born philosopher and historian Reuven Shiloah 1909 1959 director of the Mossad Eleazar Sukenik 1889 1953 Israeli archeologist 8 Shmuel Tamir 1923 1987 Israeli Minister of Justice Saul Lieberman 1902 1983 Professor of Talmud in the Jewish Theological Seminary References edit a b Avni Eran 13 January 2008 בתי קברות יהודיים בירושלים Jewish Cemeteries in Jerusalem in Hebrew Machon Yerushalayim Lechaker Yisrael Retrieved 8 October 2012 a b c d e f g Rossoff Dovid 2005 קדושים אשר בארץ קברי צדיקים בירושלים ובני ברק The Holy Ones in the Earth Graves of Tzaddikim in Jerusalem and Bnei Brak in Hebrew Jerusalem Machon Otzar HaTorah pp 335 336 a b c Tagger Mathilde A Fall 2003 Jewish Cemeteries in Jerusalem Avotaynu 19 3 Bar Am Aviva 31 December 2010 The Path of Justice The Jerusalem Post Archived from the original on 10 June 2014 Retrieved 7 October 2012 subscription required Casper Batya 2011 Israela Tate Publishing p 168 ISBN 978 1617778285 a b c Samsonowitz M 16 October 2002 Burial in Jerusalem The Har Menuchos Cemetery Part I Dei ah VeDibur Retrieved 7 October 2012 Gordon Evelyn 28 October 1996 Genetic data to help identify victims of 1948 convoy ambush The Jerusalem Post Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 8 October 2012 subscription required a b c d Introduction to the Reprint in Sukenik Eleazar Lipa The Ancient Synagogue of Beth Alpha An Account of the Excavations Conducted on Behalf of the Hebrew University Jerusalem 1975 Gorgias Press ISBN 1593330782 p v Wagner Matthew 8 September 2008 Cost of dying is on the rise Jerusalem Haifa and Herzliya most expensive places for burial The Jerusalem Post Archived from the original on 25 January 2013 Retrieved 7 October 2012 subscription required Keinon Herb 9 January 1995 Several thousand attend six hour funeral procession for Ofra Felix The Jerusalem Post subscription required Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 8 October 2012 Sedan Gil 10 March 1992 Menachem Begin is Laid to Rest in Simple Mount of Olives Ceremony Jewish Telegraphic Agency Archived from the original on 18 May 2013 Retrieved 7 October 2012 subscription required Hurwitz Zvi Harry 2004 Begin His life words and deeds Gefen Publishing House p 239 ISBN 9652293245 Elbaum Dov חיי עם האבות אגדה אוטוביוגרפית Lives of the Nation of the Patriarchs An Autobiographical Story in Hebrew am oved co il Retrieved 8 October 2012 Rabbi Abba Shaul 75 The Jerusalem Post 14 July 1998 Archived from the original on 9 March 2016 Retrieved 7 October 2012 subscription required and two of his sons R L Rossoff 2005 pp 352 353 Yahrzeit Observances Kislev 5772 PDF Union of Synagogues in Israel 2011 p 3 Retrieved 8 October 2012 The Israel Digest of Press and Events in Israel and the Middle East Volumes 1 3 Israel Digest 1958 p 15 Rossoff 2005 p 356 Sadqa Hussein II Hebrew MyTzadik com Rossoff 2005 p 339 Katz Shlomo 16 May 1998 R Shraga Moshe Kalmanowitz a h torah org Retrieved 8 October 2012 Meringer Motty 3 April 2009 Yahrzeit of Rabbi Aryeh Levine zt l Tog News Archived from the original on 13 October 2013 Retrieved 8 October 2012 Raz Simcha 1976 A Tzaddik in Our Time The life of Rabbi Aryeh Levin Feldheim Publishers pp 383 384 ISBN 0873069862 Rossoff 2005 pp 360 361 Benari Elad 12 January 2012 Video Photos Funeral of Rabbi Nissan Aharon Tikochinsky Arutz Sheva Rossoff 2005 p 350 Rossoff 2005 p 347 de David Alexander Winter Keinon Herb 19 June 1995 National religious leader Rabbi Shaul Yisraeli buried The Jerusalem Post Archived from the original on 25 January 2013 Retrieved 7 October 2012 subscription required Lev David 7 October 2013 Police Rabbi Yosef s Funeral Largest in Israel s History Israel National News Retrieved 7 October 2013 Roth Irene 1982 Cecil Roth historian without tears A memoir Sepher Hermon Press p 249 ISBN 0872031039 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sanhedria Cemetery Family suspected of moving ultra Orthodox rabbi s body to more religious cemetery Haaretz 7 August 2012 Sanhedria Cemetery at Find a Grave nbsp 31 47 49 N 35 13 16 E 31 797 N 35 221 E 31 797 35 221 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sanhedria Cemetery amp oldid 1208082913, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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