fbpx
Wikipedia

Samuel Marinus Zwemer

Samuel Marinus Zwemer (April 12, 1867 – April 2, 1952), nicknamed The Apostle to Islam, was an American missionary, traveler, and scholar. He was born at Vriesland, Michigan. In 1887 he received an A.B. from Hope College in Holland, Michigan, and in 1890, he received an M.A. from New Brunswick Theological Seminary in New Brunswick, New Jersey His other degrees include a D.D. from Hope College in 1904, a L.L.D. from Muskingum College in 1918, and a D.D. from Rutgers College in 1919.

Samuel Marinus Zwemer
BornApril 12, 1867
DiedApril 2, 1952(1952-04-02) (aged 84)
EducationHope College[1]
New Brunswick Theological Seminary[1]
SpouseAmy Elizabeth Wilkes
ChildrenAmy Katherina Boon, 1897–1904, Nellie Elizabeth, 1899 – , Ruth, 1900–1904, Raymund Lull, 1902–1981, Amy Ruth, 1905 – , Mary Moffat, 1907

After being ordained to the Reformed Church ministry by the Pella, Iowa Classis in 1890, he was a missionary at Busrah, Bahrein, and at other locations in Arabia from 1891 to 1905. He was a member of the Arabian Mission (1890–1913). He is the founder of American Mission Hospital in Bahrain.

Zwemer served in Egypt from 1913 to 1929. He also traveled widely in Asia Minor, and he was elected a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society of London.

On 1 October 1930, he was appointed at the Princeton Theological Seminary, as the Professor of the History of Religion and Christian Missions,[2] where he taught until 1937. He had married Amy Elizabeth Wilkes on May 18, 1896. He was famously turned down by the American Missionary Society, which resulted in him going overseas alone. He founded and edited the publication The Moslem World for 35 years. He was influential in mobilizing many Christians, especially doctors, nurses, preachers and teachers, to go into missionary work in Islamic countries.

Zwemer retired from active work on the faculty of Princeton College Seminary at the age of seventy, but continued to write and publish books and articles as well as doing a great deal of public speaking. Zwemer died in New York City at the age of eighty-four.

According to Ruth A. Tucker, Ph.D., Samuel Zwemer's converts were "probably less than a dozen during his nearly forty years of service" but his "greatest contribution to missions was that of stirring Christians to the need for evangelism among Muslims".[3]

Career edit

In his biography of Raymond Lull, Zwemer divided Lull's ministry threefold[4] and we may use the same broad categories to examine Zwemer's own ministry: Evangelism, Writing and Recruitment.

Evangelism edit

 
James Cantine, J.G. Lansing, and Samuel M. Zwemer, Founding Fathers of Arabian Mission for the Reformed Church of America

In 1889, Zwemer co-founded with James Cantine at the Seminary, the American Arabian Mission.[1][5] Zwemer saw his first milestone in his ministry as leaving for Arabia in 1890 to work directly with the Muslim community.[6] At this time, his main mode of evangelism was distribution of literature[7] and personal conversation.[8] He combined models of confrontational and a more irenic approach of presenting the love of Christ, 'characteristic of the student volunteers'.[9] Stories of his spontaneous interaction with people suggest that he was a capable and creative personal evangelist.[10]

Writing edit

In the tradition of Lull,[11] Zwemer 'left behind a mighty highway of print almost a book a year in English for over half a century.'[12] As part of this great literary undertaking, he settled in Cairo in 1912 to work with the Nile Mission Press to make it 'a production point for Christian Literature for Muslims.'[13] As an outcome of the Edinburgh World Missionary Conference in 1910, he established the quarterly The Moslem World in 1911 because 'If the Churches of Christendom are to reach the Moslem world with the Gospel, they must know of it and know it.'[14] He edited it until 1947, paying for much of it out of his own pocket.[15] He founded the American Christian Literature Society for Moslems (A.C.L.S.M) which raised over a quarter of a million dollars for the production of evangelical literature.[16] Its Constitution expressed Zwemer's belief that the printed page 'has a unique value as a means of carrying the Gospel to Mohammedans... [it] finds an entrance into many doors closed to the living witness and can proclaim the Gospel persistently, fearlessly and effectively.'[17] Zwemer saw printed page as 'the "leaves for the healing of the nations" in his program of mission strategy.'[18]

Recruitment edit

Zwemer's third milestone was accepting a professorship at Princeton in 1929 and marked an era of equipping and recruiting for the missionary movement, though this had been a significant aspect of his career from the beginning. In an extended period of furlough he was a traveling representative for the Student Volunteer Movement, and his speaking ability in motivating for missions was legendary.[19] His itinerary was herculean: in America in 1914 he gave 151 addresses in 113 days across the country.[20] W.H.T. Gairdner called him 'a steam engine in breeches'.[20] His talent for fundraising was equally impressive, one year raising $32,886 for the Reformed Board of Foreign Missions, when the salary of a missionary on the field at this time was $900 a year.[21] J. Christy Wilson Jr. summarizes: 'Speer and Zwemer probably influenced more young men and women to go into missionary service than any two individuals in all of Christian history.'[20]

Legacy edit

As a result of his direct pioneering work, four mission stations had been set up, and though only small in number,[22] 'the converts showed unusual courage in professing their faith.'[23] The resulting church in Bahrain of the National Evangelical Church of Bahrain continues to this day. It is impossible to know how many people were affected by the large volume of tracts and scripture that he helped distribute. His books continue to make a significant difference today and his quarterly journal remains in publication as a significant scholarly journal. Through the work of the Student Volunteer Movement, with which Zwemer was strongly connected, 14,000 young people went out to the mission field.[24]

Beliefs edit

Theology edit

Zwemer's theology, following the Calvinism of his parents,[25] was that he saw the supremacy of God in all things.[26] The Bible was programmatic in his faith and his thinking of his ministry, and emanated in his vocabulary.[27] He studied Islamic Doctrine of God, initially drawing stark contrasts with the God of the Bible, then nuancing his view over time.[28] He praised the all encompassing idea of God in Islam, seeing it as the 'Calvinism of the Orient,'[29] and even placed the Bismillah on his study wall in Cairo[30] and on the cover of his journal "The Moslem World". He saw Islam's grasp of Monotheism as its great strength[31] and yet also its great deficiency.[32] For him, without an understanding of the Trinity,[33] God was unknowable and impersonal.[34] Hence, he cherished the doctrines of the Incarnation and the Atonement, writing major works on the topics: The Glory of the Manger[35] and, his favorite,[36] The Glory of the Cross.[37] Though a stumbling block for Muslims, he saw them as crucial in evangelism.[38] Zwemer's God was glorious and all-encompassing: 'never be satisfied with compromise or concessions', demanding instead 'unconditional surrender'.[39]

Missiology edit

Zwemer's all-encompassing vision of God was the driving force of his missiology: 'The chief end of missions is not the salvation of men but the glory of God.'[40] He sees this grand vision as coming directly from Calvin: 'God has created the entire world that it should be the theater of his glory by the spread of his Gospel.'[41] It was this unshakable belief in the infinite power and supremacy of God that drove Zwemer to the 'cradle of Islam' as a demonstration of the 'Glory of the Impossible'.[42] His confidence of the victory of the Gospel in the Middle East was equally unshakable.[43] Still, this missiology of victory is fundamentally shaped by the cross: 'Christ is a conqueror whose victories have always been won through loss and humiliation and suffering.'[44] This was hardly academic for Zwemer, since he had lost his brother and two daughters in the field.[45] Lyle Vander Werff describes Zwemer's missiological approach as 'Christocentric-anthropological', that is, the Gospel message is the greatest need of the Muslim as opposed to Western Civilization or 'philanthropic programs of education'.[46] Zwemer summarizes his theology of mission: 'With God's sovereignty as basis, God's glory as goal, and God's will as motive, the missionary enterprise today can face the most difficult of all missionary tasks—the evangelization of the Moslem world.'[47]

Ecclesiology edit

For Zwemer, the Church was precious because it was indeed 'the Church of God which He purchased with His own blood.'[48] His view on denominations was ecumenical and generous and far from the parochial tendency occasionally demonstrated in the Reformed tradition. The Arabian Board he set up was expressly 'undenominational.'[49] He is able to praise Popes Gregory VII and Innocent III.[50] He longed for the day Oriental Orthodox Churches would join in with Muslim evangelism.[51] His opening editorial for The Moslem World stated that it aimed 'to represent no faction or fraction of the Church, but to be broad in the best sense of the word.'[52] His slogan was: 'In essentials it seeks unity, in non-essentials liberty, and in all things charity.'[53] Yet, he was clear and precise about what the essentials were.[54] Such desire for ecumenism was fed by his all-pervasive passion for mission to Islam: 'the issues at stake are too vital and the urgency too great for anything but united front.'[55]

Works edit

Besides editing The Moslem World, a quarterly scholarly periodical – 37 vols.(1911–47), and the Quarterly Review (London), he wrote the following books:

  • Arabia, the Cradle of Islam (1900)[56]
  • Topsy Turvy Land (1902), with his wife, Mrs. Amy E. Zwemer[57]
  • Raymond Lull (1902)[58]
  • Moslem Doctrine of God (1906)
  • The Mohammedan World of Today (1906)
  • Islam: a challenge to faith: studies on the Mohammedan religion and the needs and opportunities of the Mohammedan world[59] (1907)
  • Our Moslem sisters: a cry of need from lands of darkness interpreted by those who heard it,[60] (1907) — edited with Annie van Sommer[61]
  • The Moslem World (1908)[62]
  • The Nearer and Farther East: Outline studies of Moslem lands, and of Siam, Burma, and Korea[63] (1908), with Arthur Judson Brown[64]
  • The Unoccupied Mission Fields (1910)
  • Islam and missions: being papers read at the second Missionary conference on behalf of the Mohammedan world at Lucknow, January 23–28, 1911[65] (1911)
  • The Moslem Christ[66] (1911)
  • The Unoccupied Mission Fields of Africa and Asia (1911)[67]
  • Daylight In The Harem: A New Era For Moslem Women[68] (1911) — Papers on present-day reform movements, conditions and methods of work among Moslem women read at the Lucknow Conference
  • Zigzag Journeys in the Camel Country (1912)[69]
  • Childhood in the Moslem World[70] (1915)[71]
  • Mohammed or Christ? An account of the rapid spread of Islam in all parts of the globe, the methods employed to obtain proselytes, its immense press, its strongholds, & suggested means to be adopted to counteract the evil (1916)[72]
  • The Disintegration of Islam (1916) — student lectures on missions at Princeton TS[73]
  • A Moslem Seeker after God: Showing Islam at its best in the life and teaching of al-Ghazali, mystic and theologian of the eleventh century (1920)[74]
  • The Influence of Animism on Islam : An Account of Popular Superstitions (1920)[75]
  • "Christianity the Final Religion", Eerdmans-Sevensma Co., Grand Rapids, MI, (1920)
  • The Moslem World, Volume 4[76] (1914)
  • The Moslem World, Volume 8[77] (1918)
  • The Moslem World, Volume 9[78] (1919)
  • The Moslem World, Volume 10[79] (1919)
  • The Moslem World, Volume 11[80] (1919)
  • The Moslem World, Volume 12[81] (1919)[82]
  • The Law of Apostasy in Islam[83] (1924)
  • Moslem Women (1926), with his wife, Mrs. Amy E. Zwemer
  • The Glory of the Cross[84] (1928)
  • Across the world of Islam[85] (1929)
  • The exalted name of Christ (1932), translated from Arabic by Oskar Hermansson and Gustaf Ahlbert, assisted by Abdu Vali Akhond
  • Thinking Missions with Christ (1934)
  • Taking hold of God : studies on the nature, need and power of prayer (1936)[86]
  • It's Hard To Be A Christian: Some Aspects of the Fight for Character in the Life of the Pilgrim (1937)
  • The Solitary Throne, addresses Given at the Keswick Convention on the Glory and Uniqueness of the Christian Message[87] (1937)
  • The Golden Milestone : Reminiscences of Pioneer Days Fifty Years in Arabia (1938), with James Cantine[88]
  • Dynamic Christianity and the World Today (1939)
  • Studies in Popular Islam: A Collection of papers dealing with the Superstitions & Beliefs of the Common People (1939)
  • The Glory of the Manger: Studies on the Incarnation[89] (1940)
  • The Art of Listening to God (1940)
  • The Cross Above the Crescent (1941)
  • Islam in Madagascar (1941)
  • Into All the World (1943)
  • Evangelism Today: Message Not Method (1944)
  • The Origin of Religion: Evolution or Revelation (1945) — based on the Smyth Lectures 1935
  • Heirs of the Prophets (1946)
  • A factual survey of the Moslem world with maps and statistical tables (1946)
  • The Glory of the Empty Tomb[90] (1947)
  • How Rich the Harvest (1948)
  • Sons of Adam: Studies of Old Testament characters in New Testament light (1951)
  • Social And Moral Evils Of Islam (2002) — reprint of an earlier work

He also wrote an article describing his travels in Oman and the Trucial Coast (now U.A.E.), which famously features the earliest known photograph of the Qasr al-Hosn in Abu Dhabi:

  • Three Journeys in Northern Oman (1902), The Geographical Journal, Vol XIX, No1

See also edit

Works in Print (2007) edit

  • Call to Prayer Diggory Press, ISBN 978-1-84685-290-9
  • Heirs of the Prophets Diggory Press, ISBN 978-1-84685-356-2
  • Raymund Lull: First Missionary to the Moslems Diggory Press, ISBN 978-1-84685-301-2
  • The Glory of the Cross Diggory Press, ISBN 978-1-84685-353-1
  • The Law of Apostasy in Islam Diggory Press, ISBN 978-1-84685-300-5
  • The Moslem Christ Diggory Press, ISBN 978-1-905363-12-4
  • The Moslem Doctrine of God Diggory Press, ISBN 978-1-84685-240-4
  • The Moslem World
  • The Influence of Animism on Islam: An Account of Popular Superstitions

Bibliography edit

  • Wilson, J. Christy, Apostle to Islam. A biography of Samuel M. Zwemer, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1952.
  • Wilson, J. Christy, Flaming Prophet: The Story of Samuel Zwemer, New York: Friendship Press, 1970.
  • Greenway, Roger S. (Editor), Islam and the Cross: Selections from "The Apostle to Islam", P and R Publishing, 2002.
  • Ipema, P. (Peter), The Islam interpretations of Duncan B. Macdonald, Samuel M. Zwemer, A. Kenneth Cragg and Wilfred C. Smith, Thesis (Ph.D.) - Hartford Seminary Foundation, 1971.
  • The vital forces of Christianity and Islam: Six studies by missionaries to Moslems / with an introduction by the Rev. S. M. Zwemer, and a concluding study by Professor Duncan B. Macdonald, Oxford University Press, 1915.
  • Janet & Geoff Benge, Samuel Zwemer: The Burden of Arabia . YWAM Publishing,2013

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "Zigzag Journeys in the Camel Country: Arabia in Picture and Story". World Digital Library. 1911. Retrieved September 22, 2013.
  2. ^ "Princeton Seminary Opens 119th Session - Dr S W Zwemer is installed as Head of New Department - 50 Colleges Represented". The New York Times. New York. October 2, 1930. p. 43. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  3. ^ Ruth A. Tucker. From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya: A Biographical History of Christian Missions. p. 241.
  4. ^ 'Lull's lifework was three-fold: he devised a philosophical or educational system for persuading non-Christians of the truth of Christianity; he established missionary colleges; and he himself went and preached to the Moslems...' Zwemer, Raymond Lull: First Missionary to the Moslems (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1902), 63-64.
  5. ^ Samuel M. Zwemer; James Cantine (1938). "The Golden Milestone: Reminiscences of Pioneer Days Fifty Years Ago in Arabia". Fleming H. Revell Company. pp. 17–23. Retrieved December 18, 2016 – via archive.org.
  6. ^ He settled at first in Basrah and then he moved with his wife Amy to Bahrain, where they stayed until 1905. Ruth Tucker, From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya, 240.
  7. ^ 'The distribution of the Word of God always holds the first place. It has always proved its power.' Zwemer, 'A Call to Prayer', 152.
  8. ^ Ruth Tucker, From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya, 239. He thought personal interaction was always the most effective mode: Samuel Zwemer, 'Broadcasting our message', The Moslem World 29/3 (1939): 217.
  9. ^ Ruth Tucker, From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya, 241. cf. Zwemer, 'A Call to Prayer' in Islam and the Cross. Edited by Roger S. Greenway. Original year 1923. Phillipsburg: P&R, 2002. 147. Two methods stand out in clear contrast: the polemic and the irenic; the method of argument, debate, contrast, and comparison on the one hand, and on the other had the method of loving approach along lines of least resistance.'
  10. ^ e.g. The story of the Cretan Tavern keeper and asking the fruit vendor for 'fruit of the Spirit'. Jesse R. Wilson, 'One of a kind', Christian Century 84/21 (1967): 687-688.
  11. ^ 'It was said that of Raymond Lull that he wrote an unbelievable number of books - hundreds of manuscripts of his works may be found in European libraries to this day. In this particular, as in others, Zwemer ranks as a disciple of his famous precursor in missionary work for Moslems.' J. Christy Wilson Sr. Apostle to Islam: a biography of Samuel M. Zwemer (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1952), 193.
  12. ^ J. Christy Wilson Sr. Apostle to Islam: a biography of Samuel M. Zwemer (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1952), 205.
  13. ^ Lyle Vander Werff, Christian Mission to Muslims, 226.
  14. ^ Zwemer, 'Editorial', The Moslem World 1/1, 2.
  15. ^ J. Christy Wilson Sr. Apostle to Islam: a biography of Samuel M. Zwemer (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1952), 182.
  16. ^ Wilson Sr. Apostle, 14. cf.188-9.
  17. ^ Cited in J. Christy Wilson Sr. Apostle to Islam: a biography of Samuel M. Zwemer (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1952), 186-7.
  18. ^ J. Christy Wilson Sr. Apostle to Islam: a biography of Samuel M. Zwemer (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1952), 13.
  19. ^ J. Christy Wilson Jr. 'The Apostle to Islam: The Legacy of Samuel Zwemer', IJFM 13:4 (1996): 165. 'Certainly no missionary of our time has been more widely quoted' J. Christy Wilson Sr. Apostle to Islam: a biography of Samuel M. Zwemer (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1952), 14.
  20. ^ a b c J. Christy Wilson Jr. 'The Apostle to Islam: The Legacy of Samuel Zwemer', IJFM 13:4 (1996): 166.
  21. ^ J. Christy Wilson Sr. Apostle to Islam: a biography of Samuel M. Zwemer (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1952), 69.
  22. ^ 'At the great Tambaram Missionary Conference of 1938, the most moving of all the speeches was that of the veteran Dr Paul Harrison, who, having told the story of the five converts that the mission had won in fifty years, sat down with the quiet words: 'The Church in Arabia salutes you'. Stephen Neill, A History of Christian Missions (2nd ed.; rev. Owen Chadwick; Ringwood, Victoria: Penguin, 1986),311.
  23. ^ Tucker, From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya, 240
  24. ^ Wilson Sr. 'The Significance of Samuel Zwemer', 54. Kenneth Scott Latourette says that only on the last day 'will it be clear how many countries have been touched by them or how many thousands have been introduced to eternal life by their witness.' Kenneth Scott Latourette in J. Christy Wilson Sr. Apostle to Islam: a biography of Samuel M. Zwemer (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1952), 5.
  25. ^ 'His father taught him the Heidelberg Catechism as a boy and he remembered many of the answers all his life.' Wilson Sr. Apostle, 241.
  26. ^ 'His theology was conservative Calvinism and he believed with all his heart in the whole of the Bible as the Word of God, and in the Reformed Faith.' J. Christy Wilson Sr. Apostle to Islam: a biography of Samuel M. Zwemer (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1952), 241.
  27. ^ 'The Bible was so much a part of his life that thought and word seemed naturally to take the form of Biblical phrase' J. Christy Wilson Sr. Apostle to Islam: a biography of Samuel M. Zwemer (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1952), 241.
  28. ^ Hubers, 'Samuel Zwemer', 118. See Samuel Zwemer, Arabia: The Cradle of Islam, (New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1900), 171 and then Samuel Zwemer, 'The Allah of Islam and the God of Jesus Christ', The Moslem World 36/4 (1946): 66-67. e.g. 'The ninety-nine excellent names of Allah can also (with one or two exceptions) be found as attributes of Jehovah in the Old Testament Scriptures.'
  29. ^ Samuel Zwemer, 'Calvinism and the Missionary Enterprise', ThTo 7/2 (1950): 212-214.
  30. ^ J. Christy Wilson Sr. Apostle to Islam: a biography of Samuel M. Zwemer (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1952), Frontispiece.
  31. ^ 'Islamic theism is so great and so strong that it often puts our Western theism (timid of transcendence, shy of miracles, and confined to second causes) to shame.' Zwemer, 'The Allah of Islam and the God of Jesus Christ', 67.
  32. ^ 'Moslem mysticism was a revolt against the orthodox doctrine of Allah. The human heart craves a God who loves; a personal God who has close relations with humanity; a living God who can be touched with the feeling of our infirmities and who hears and answers prayer.' Samuel Zwemer, 'Surat al-Ikhlas', The Moslem World 26/4 (1936): 328.
  33. ^ 'The doctrine of the Trinity is not only fundamental but essential to Christianity.' Samuel Zwemer, 'The Doctrine of the Trinity', The Moslem World 35/1 (1945): 2.
  34. ^ 'The God whom men know outside of Jesus Christ and apart from the Holy Spirit is a nebulous thing an idea not a reality' Zwemer, 'The Doctrine of the Trinity', 2.
  35. ^ 'The Incarnation was the greatest miracle of human history.' Zwemer, The Glory of the Manger, 11.
  36. ^ J. Christy Wilson Jr. 'The Apostle to Islam: The Legacy of Samuel Zwemer', IJFM 13:4 (1996): 167.
  37. ^ 'If the Cross of Christ is anything to the mind, it is surely everything—the most profound reality and the sublimest mystery.' Samuel Zwener, The Glory of the Cross, (London: Marshall, Organ & Scott, 1928), 6.
  38. ^ 'The Cross of Christ is indeed the missing link in the Moslem creed.' Zwener, The Glory of the Cross, 89.
  39. ^ Zwemer, 'Editorial', The Moslem World 1/2, (1911): 97. He wrote: 'there is a sense in which Christianity is as intolerant as Islam;'
  40. ^ Samuel Zwemer, Thinking Missions with Christ, (London: Marshall, Organ & Scott, 1934), 67. See Vander Werff, Christian Mission to Muslims, 260.
  41. ^ Calvin quoted by Zwemer in 'Calvinism', 208.
  42. ^ Samuel Zwemer, 'The Glory of the Impossible', in Perspectives on the World Christian Movement. (4th Edition; ed. Ralph D. Winter & Steven C. Hawthorne. Orig. year 1911; Pasadena: Paternoster, 2009), 329.
  43. ^ 'I only hope that when Christ's gospel has conquered Arabia, the name of Jesus will be written on every mosque and in every heart;...' ' Samuel Zwemer & Amy Zwemer, Tosy-Turvy Land: Arabia pictured for children (New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1902), 71. the twentieth century is to be preeminently a century of missions to Moslems', Raymond Lull: First Missionary to the Moslems (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1902), xxi.
  44. ^ Samuel Zwemer, 'A Call to Prayer' in Islam and the Cross (ed. Roger S. Greenway; orig. year 1923; Phillipsburg: P&R, 2002),144.
  45. ^ The gravestone for his daughters reads 'WORTHY IS THE LAMB TO RECEIVE RICHES'. J. Christy Wilson Jr. 'The Apostle to Islam: The Legacy of Samuel Zwemer', IJFM 13:4 (1996): 165.
  46. ^ Vander Werff, Christian Mission to Muslims, 235, 236, 243, 249, 251. cf. Samuel Zwemer, 'Our Evangel and Islam', The Moslem World 26/2 (1936): 112.
  47. ^ Zwemer, 'Calvinism and the Missionary Enterprise'. Theology Today 7:2 (1950): 214.
  48. ^ Acts 20:28, quoted by Zwemer: The Glory of the Cross, 16, 95, 105 & 107.
  49. ^ Samuel Zwemer & James Cantine, The Golden Milestone: Reminiscences of Pioneer Days Fifty Years Ago in Arabia, (New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1939), 32, 151, 153.
  50. ^ Zwemer, Raymond Lull: First Missionary to the Moslems (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1902), 9. Also: 'In spite of its objectionable doctrinal features, what Protestant can read Dr. Cole's admirable translation of the Stabat Mater without being deeply affected?', Raymond Lull, 11. Though, as a good Protestant, he wasn't above making the odd joke about Catholicism: 'if all the Popes had been married, like Peter, whom they claimed to be the first Pope, they would never have dared to claim they were infallible.' Wilson Sr., 'The Significance of Samuel Zwemer', 58.
  51. ^ 'When their [Oriental Christians] hearts are set aglow by the love of Christ they will make the Church a home for Moslem converts, not only, but run to meet the prodigals and welcome them to the Father's home and the Father's heart.' Zwemer, 'Our Evangel and Islam',112.
  52. ^ Samuel Zwemer, 'Editorial'. The Moslem World 1/1, 2.
  53. ^ Zwemer, 'Editorial'. The Moslem World 1/1, 2.
  54. ^ e.g. 'All Christians are agreed that belief in the return of our Saviour is of the ecumenical faith.' Samuel Zwemer, The Glory of the Empty Tomb, (New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1947),158. Also: Samuel Zwemer, 'The Dynamic of Evangelism', The Moslem World 31/2 (1941): 110.
  55. ^ Cited in Vander Werff, Christian Mission to Muslims, 235.
  56. ^ Rev. S. M.Zwemer (January 1, 1900). "Arabia The Cradle Of Islam" – via Internet Archive.
  57. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (January 1, 1902). "Topsy-turvy land;". New York, Chicago [etc.] F. H. Revell company – via Internet Archive.
  58. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (January 1, 1902). "Raymond Lull : first missionary to the Moslems". New York : Funk & Wagnalls – via Internet Archive.
  59. ^ Islam challenge
  60. ^ "Project Gutenberg". Retrieved December 11, 2022.
  61. ^ Moslem Sisters
  62. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (January 1, 1908). "The Moslem world". New York, Young people's missionary movement of the United States and Canada – via Internet Archive.
  63. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus; Brown, Arthur Judson (January 1, 1908). The nearer and farther East: outline studies of Moslem lands and of Siam, Burma, and Korea. Macmillan – via Internet Archive.
  64. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus; Brown, Arthur Judson (January 1, 1909). "The nearer and farther East; outline studies of Moslem lands and of Siam, Burma, and Korea". New York, Macmillan – via Internet Archive.
  65. ^ Wherry, Elwood Morris; Zwemer, Samuel Marinus; Mylrea, C. G. (January 1, 1911). Islam and Missions: Being Papers Read at the Second Missionary Conference on Behalf of the Mohammedan World at Lucknow, January 23-28, 1911. Fleming H. Revell Company – via Internet Archive.
  66. ^ Moslem Christ
  67. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (January 1, 1911). "The unoccupied mission fields of Africa and Asia". London, Marshall Brothers, Ltd. – via Internet Archive.
  68. ^ Daylight Harem Illustrations
  69. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus; Zwemer, Amy E. (Wilkes) (January 1, 1911). "Zigzag journeys in the camel country; Arabia in picture and story". New York, Chicago [etc.] Fleming H. Revell company – via Internet Archive.
  70. ^ Childhood in the Moslem World
  71. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (January 1, 1915). Childhood in the Moslem World. Fleming H. Revell Company – via Internet Archive.
  72. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (1916). "Mohammed or Christ; an account of the rapid spread of Islam in all parts of the globe, the methods employed to obtain proselytes, its immense press, its strongholds, & suggested means to be adopted to counteract the evil". New York, London Fleming H. Revell – via Internet Archive.
  73. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (January 1, 1916). "The disintegration of Islam". New York ; Toronto : F.H. Revell – via Internet Archive.
  74. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (1920). "A Moslem seeker after God : showing Islam at its best in the life and teaching of al-Ghazali, mystic and theologian of the eleventh century". New York : Fleming H. Revell – via Internet Archive.
  75. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (January 1, 1920). "The influence of animism on Islam; an account of popular superstitions". London : Central Board of Missions and Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge – via Internet Archive.
  76. ^ Hartford Seminary Foundation (1911). "The Muslim world". Hartford [etc.] Hartford Seminary Foundation [etc.] – via Internet Archive.
  77. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (January 1, 1918). "The Moslem World". Nile Mission Press – via Google Books.
  78. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (January 1, 1919). "The Moslem World". Nile Mission Press – via Google Books.
  79. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (January 1, 1920). "The Moslem World". Nile Mission Press – via Google Books.
  80. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (January 1, 1921). "The Moslem World". Nile Mission Press – via Google Books.
  81. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (January 1, 1922). "The Moslem World". Nile Mission Press – via Google Books.
  82. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (January 1, 1922). The Moslem World. Nile Mission Press – via Internet Archive.
  83. ^ The Law of Apostasy in Islam
  84. ^ The Glory of the Cross
  85. ^ Across the world of Islam
  86. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus. "Taking Hold of God : studies in Prayer". London : Marshall, Morgan & Scott – via Internet Archive.
  87. ^ The Solitary Throne
  88. ^ Zwemer, Samuel Marinus; Cantine, James (1938). "The golden milestone [microform] ; reminiscences of pioneer days fifty years ago in Arabia". New York [etc.] : Fleming H. Revell – via Internet Archive.
  89. ^ The Glory of the Manger: Studies on the Incarnation
  90. ^ The Glory of the Empty Tomb

External links edit

  • Zwemer Institute For Muslim Studies
  • Works by Samuel Marinus Zwemer at Project Gutenberg
  • Works by or about Samuel Marinus Zwemer at Internet Archive
  • Works by Amy E. Zwemer at Project Gutenberg.
  • Samuel Marinus Zwemer - Missionary extraordinaire to Muslims — biographical article by Andrew Marsay published in Evangelicals Now, August 2002.
  • The Legacy of Samuel Zwemer by J. Christy Wilson, Jr., from the International Journal of Frontier Missions, Vol. 13(4), October–December, 1996.
  • Raymund Lull: First Missionary to the Muslims by Samuel Zwemer
  • Samuel Zwemer Theological Seminary

samuel, marinus, zwemer, april, 1867, april, 1952, nicknamed, apostle, islam, american, missionary, traveler, scholar, born, vriesland, michigan, 1887, received, from, hope, college, holland, michigan, 1890, received, from, brunswick, theological, seminary, br. Samuel Marinus Zwemer April 12 1867 April 2 1952 nicknamed The Apostle to Islam was an American missionary traveler and scholar He was born at Vriesland Michigan In 1887 he received an A B from Hope College in Holland Michigan and in 1890 he received an M A from New Brunswick Theological Seminary in New Brunswick New Jersey His other degrees include a D D from Hope College in 1904 a L L D from Muskingum College in 1918 and a D D from Rutgers College in 1919 Samuel Marinus ZwemerBornApril 12 1867Vriesland Michigan U S DiedApril 2 1952 1952 04 02 aged 84 New York City U S EducationHope College 1 New Brunswick Theological Seminary 1 SpouseAmy Elizabeth WilkesChildrenAmy Katherina Boon 1897 1904 Nellie Elizabeth 1899 Ruth 1900 1904 Raymund Lull 1902 1981 Amy Ruth 1905 Mary Moffat 1907 After being ordained to the Reformed Church ministry by the Pella Iowa Classis in 1890 he was a missionary at Busrah Bahrein and at other locations in Arabia from 1891 to 1905 He was a member of the Arabian Mission 1890 1913 He is the founder of American Mission Hospital in Bahrain Zwemer served in Egypt from 1913 to 1929 He also traveled widely in Asia Minor and he was elected a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society of London On 1 October 1930 he was appointed at the Princeton Theological Seminary as the Professor of the History of Religion and Christian Missions 2 where he taught until 1937 He had married Amy Elizabeth Wilkes on May 18 1896 He was famously turned down by the American Missionary Society which resulted in him going overseas alone He founded and edited the publication The Moslem Worldfor 35 years He was influential in mobilizing many Christians especially doctors nurses preachers and teachers to go into missionary work in Islamic countries Zwemer retired from active work on the faculty of Princeton College Seminary at the age of seventy but continued to write and publish books and articles as well as doing a great deal of public speaking Zwemer died in New York City at the age of eighty four According to Ruth A Tucker Ph D Samuel Zwemer s converts were probably less than a dozen during his nearly forty years of service but his greatest contribution to missions was that of stirring Christians to the need for evangelism among Muslims 3 Contents 1 Career 1 1 Evangelism 1 2 Writing 1 3 Recruitment 2 Legacy 3 Beliefs 3 1 Theology 3 2 Missiology 3 3 Ecclesiology 4 Works 5 See also 6 Works in Print 2007 7 Bibliography 8 References 9 External linksCareer editIn his biography of Raymond Lull Zwemer divided Lull s ministry threefold 4 and we may use the same broad categories to examine Zwemer s own ministry Evangelism Writing and Recruitment Evangelism edit nbsp James Cantine J G Lansing and Samuel M Zwemer Founding Fathers of Arabian Mission for the Reformed Church of America In 1889 Zwemer co founded with James Cantine at the Seminary the American Arabian Mission 1 5 Zwemer saw his first milestone in his ministry as leaving for Arabia in 1890 to work directly with the Muslim community 6 At this time his main mode of evangelism was distribution of literature 7 and personal conversation 8 He combined models of confrontational and a more irenic approach of presenting the love of Christ characteristic of the student volunteers 9 Stories of his spontaneous interaction with people suggest that he was a capable and creative personal evangelist 10 Writing edit In the tradition of Lull 11 Zwemer left behind a mighty highway of print almost a book a year in English for over half a century 12 As part of this great literary undertaking he settled in Cairo in 1912 to work with the Nile Mission Press to make it a production point for Christian Literature for Muslims 13 As an outcome of the Edinburgh World Missionary Conference in 1910 he established the quarterly The Moslem World in 1911 because If the Churches of Christendom are to reach the Moslem world with the Gospel they must know of it and know it 14 He edited it until 1947 paying for much of it out of his own pocket 15 He founded the American Christian Literature Society for Moslems A C L S M which raised over a quarter of a million dollars for the production of evangelical literature 16 Its Constitution expressed Zwemer s belief that the printed page has a unique value as a means of carrying the Gospel to Mohammedans it finds an entrance into many doors closed to the living witness and can proclaim the Gospel persistently fearlessly and effectively 17 Zwemer saw printed page as the leaves for the healing of the nations in his program of mission strategy 18 Recruitment edit Zwemer s third milestone was accepting a professorship at Princeton in 1929 and marked an era of equipping and recruiting for the missionary movement though this had been a significant aspect of his career from the beginning In an extended period of furlough he was a traveling representative for the Student Volunteer Movement and his speaking ability in motivating for missions was legendary 19 His itinerary was herculean in America in 1914 he gave 151 addresses in 113 days across the country 20 W H T Gairdner called him a steam engine in breeches 20 His talent for fundraising was equally impressive one year raising 32 886 for the Reformed Board of Foreign Missions when the salary of a missionary on the field at this time was 900 a year 21 J Christy Wilson Jr summarizes Speer and Zwemer probably influenced more young men and women to go into missionary service than any two individuals in all of Christian history 20 Legacy editAs a result of his direct pioneering work four mission stations had been set up and though only small in number 22 the converts showed unusual courage in professing their faith 23 The resulting church in Bahrain of the National Evangelical Church of Bahrain continues to this day It is impossible to know how many people were affected by the large volume of tracts and scripture that he helped distribute His books continue to make a significant difference today and his quarterly journal remains in publication as a significant scholarly journal Through the work of the Student Volunteer Movement with which Zwemer was strongly connected 14 000 young people went out to the mission field 24 Beliefs editTheology edit Zwemer s theology following the Calvinism of his parents 25 was that he saw the supremacy of God in all things 26 The Bible was programmatic in his faith and his thinking of his ministry and emanated in his vocabulary 27 He studied Islamic Doctrine of God initially drawing stark contrasts with the God of the Bible then nuancing his view over time 28 He praised the all encompassing idea of God in Islam seeing it as the Calvinism of the Orient 29 and even placed the Bismillah on his study wall in Cairo 30 and on the cover of his journal The Moslem World He saw Islam s grasp of Monotheism as its great strength 31 and yet also its great deficiency 32 For him without an understanding of the Trinity 33 God was unknowable and impersonal 34 Hence he cherished the doctrines of the Incarnation and the Atonement writing major works on the topics The Glory of the Manger 35 and his favorite 36 The Glory of the Cross 37 Though a stumbling block for Muslims he saw them as crucial in evangelism 38 Zwemer s God was glorious and all encompassing never be satisfied with compromise or concessions demanding instead unconditional surrender 39 Missiology edit Zwemer s all encompassing vision of God was the driving force of his missiology The chief end of missions is not the salvation of men but the glory of God 40 He sees this grand vision as coming directly from Calvin God has created the entire world that it should be the theater of his glory by the spread of his Gospel 41 It was this unshakable belief in the infinite power and supremacy of God that drove Zwemer to the cradle of Islam as a demonstration of the Glory of the Impossible 42 His confidence of the victory of the Gospel in the Middle East was equally unshakable 43 Still this missiology of victory is fundamentally shaped by the cross Christ is a conqueror whose victories have always been won through loss and humiliation and suffering 44 This was hardly academic for Zwemer since he had lost his brother and two daughters in the field 45 Lyle Vander Werff describes Zwemer s missiological approach as Christocentric anthropological that is the Gospel message is the greatest need of the Muslim as opposed to Western Civilization or philanthropic programs of education 46 Zwemer summarizes his theology of mission With God s sovereignty as basis God s glory as goal and God s will as motive the missionary enterprise today can face the most difficult of all missionary tasks the evangelization of the Moslem world 47 Ecclesiology edit For Zwemer the Church was precious because it was indeed the Church of God which He purchased with His own blood 48 His view on denominations was ecumenical and generous and far from the parochial tendency occasionally demonstrated in the Reformed tradition The Arabian Board he set up was expressly undenominational 49 He is able to praise Popes Gregory VII and Innocent III 50 He longed for the day Oriental Orthodox Churches would join in with Muslim evangelism 51 His opening editorial for The Moslem World stated that it aimed to represent no faction or fraction of the Church but to be broad in the best sense of the word 52 His slogan was In essentials it seeks unity in non essentials liberty and in all things charity 53 Yet he was clear and precise about what the essentials were 54 Such desire for ecumenism was fed by his all pervasive passion for mission to Islam the issues at stake are too vital and the urgency too great for anything but united front 55 Works editBesides editing The Moslem World a quarterly scholarly periodical 37 vols 1911 47 and the Quarterly Review London he wrote the following books Arabia the Cradle of Islam 1900 56 Topsy Turvy Land 1902 with his wife Mrs Amy E Zwemer 57 Raymond Lull 1902 58 Moslem Doctrine of God 1906 The Mohammedan World of Today 1906 Islam a challenge to faith studies on the Mohammedan religion and the needs and opportunities of the Mohammedan world 59 1907 Our Moslem sisters a cry of need from lands of darkness interpreted by those who heard it 60 1907 edited with Annie van Sommer 61 The Moslem World 1908 62 The Nearer and Farther East Outline studies of Moslem lands and of Siam Burma and Korea 63 1908 with Arthur Judson Brown 64 The Unoccupied Mission Fields 1910 Islam and missions being papers read at the second Missionary conference on behalf of the Mohammedan world at Lucknow January 23 28 1911 65 1911 The Moslem Christ 66 1911 The Unoccupied Mission Fields of Africa and Asia 1911 67 Daylight In The Harem A New Era For Moslem Women 68 1911 Papers on present day reform movements conditions and methods of work among Moslem women read at the Lucknow Conference Zigzag Journeys in the Camel Country 1912 69 Childhood in the Moslem World 70 1915 71 Mohammed or Christ An account of the rapid spread of Islam in all parts of the globe the methods employed to obtain proselytes its immense press its strongholds amp suggested means to be adopted to counteract the evil 1916 72 The Disintegration of Islam 1916 student lectures on missions at Princeton TS 73 A Moslem Seeker after God Showing Islam at its best in the life and teaching of al Ghazali mystic and theologian of the eleventh century 1920 74 The Influence of Animism on Islam An Account of Popular Superstitions 1920 75 Christianity the Final Religion Eerdmans Sevensma Co Grand Rapids MI 1920 The Moslem World Volume 4 76 1914 The Moslem World Volume 8 77 1918 The Moslem World Volume 9 78 1919 The Moslem World Volume 10 79 1919 The Moslem World Volume 11 80 1919 The Moslem World Volume 12 81 1919 82 The Law of Apostasy in Islam 83 1924 Moslem Women 1926 with his wife Mrs Amy E Zwemer The Glory of the Cross 84 1928 Across the world of Islam 85 1929 The exalted name of Christ 1932 translated from Arabic by Oskar Hermansson and Gustaf Ahlbert assisted by Abdu Vali Akhond Thinking Missions with Christ 1934 Taking hold of God studies on the nature need and power of prayer 1936 86 It s Hard To Be A Christian Some Aspects of the Fight for Character in the Life of the Pilgrim 1937 The Solitary Throne addresses Given at the Keswick Convention on the Glory and Uniqueness of the Christian Message 87 1937 The Golden Milestone Reminiscences of Pioneer Days Fifty Years in Arabia 1938 with James Cantine 88 Dynamic Christianity and the World Today 1939 Studies in Popular Islam A Collection of papers dealing with the Superstitions amp Beliefs of the Common People 1939 The Glory of the Manger Studies on the Incarnation 89 1940 The Art of Listening to God 1940 The Cross Above the Crescent 1941 Islam in Madagascar 1941 Into All the World 1943 Evangelism Today Message Not Method 1944 The Origin of Religion Evolution or Revelation 1945 based on the Smyth Lectures 1935 Heirs of the Prophets 1946 A factual survey of the Moslem world with maps and statistical tables 1946 The Glory of the Empty Tomb 90 1947 How Rich the Harvest 1948 Sons of Adam Studies of Old Testament characters in New Testament light 1951 Social And Moral Evils Of Islam 2002 reprint of an earlier work He also wrote an article describing his travels in Oman and the Trucial Coast now U A E which famously features the earliest known photograph of the Qasr al Hosn in Abu Dhabi Three Journeys in Northern Oman 1902 The Geographical Journal Vol XIX No1See also edit nbsp Christianity portal San Geronimo disambiguation William Whiting BordenWorks in Print 2007 editCall to Prayer Diggory Press ISBN 978 1 84685 290 9 Heirs of the Prophets Diggory Press ISBN 978 1 84685 356 2 Raymund Lull First Missionary to the Moslems Diggory Press ISBN 978 1 84685 301 2 The Glory of the Cross Diggory Press ISBN 978 1 84685 353 1 The Law of Apostasy in Islam Diggory Press ISBN 978 1 84685 300 5 The Moslem Christ Diggory Press ISBN 978 1 905363 12 4 The Moslem Doctrine of God Diggory Press ISBN 978 1 84685 240 4 The Moslem World The Influence of Animism on Islam An Account of Popular SuperstitionsBibliography editWilson J Christy Apostle to Islam A biography of Samuel M Zwemer Grand Rapids MI Baker Book House 1952 Wilson J Christy Flaming Prophet The Story of Samuel Zwemer New York Friendship Press 1970 Greenway Roger S Editor Islam and the Cross Selections from The Apostle to Islam P and R Publishing 2002 Ipema P Peter The Islam interpretations of Duncan B Macdonald Samuel M Zwemer A Kenneth Cragg and Wilfred C Smith Thesis Ph D Hartford Seminary Foundation 1971 The vital forces of Christianity and Islam Six studies by missionaries to Moslems with an introduction by the Rev S M Zwemer and a concluding study by Professor Duncan B Macdonald Oxford University Press 1915 Janet amp Geoff Benge Samuel Zwemer The Burden of Arabia YWAM Publishing 2013References edit a b c Zigzag Journeys in the Camel Country Arabia in Picture and Story World Digital Library 1911 Retrieved September 22 2013 Princeton Seminary Opens 119th Session Dr S W Zwemer is installed as Head of New Department 50 Colleges Represented The New York Times New York October 2 1930 p 43 Retrieved May 22 2022 Ruth A Tucker From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya A Biographical History of Christian Missions p 241 Lull s lifework was three fold he devised a philosophical or educational system for persuading non Christians of the truth of Christianity he established missionary colleges and he himself went and preached to the Moslems Zwemer Raymond Lull First Missionary to the Moslems New York Funk amp Wagnalls 1902 63 64 Samuel M Zwemer James Cantine 1938 The Golden Milestone Reminiscences of Pioneer Days Fifty Years Ago in Arabia Fleming H Revell Company pp 17 23 Retrieved December 18 2016 via archive org He settled at first in Basrah and then he moved with his wife Amy to Bahrain where they stayed until 1905 Ruth Tucker From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya 240 The distribution of the Word of God always holds the first place It has always proved its power Zwemer A Call to Prayer 152 Ruth Tucker From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya 239 He thought personal interaction was always the most effective mode Samuel Zwemer Broadcasting our message The Moslem World 29 3 1939 217 Ruth Tucker From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya 241 cf Zwemer A Call to Prayer in Islam and the Cross Edited by Roger S Greenway Original year 1923 Phillipsburg P amp R 2002 147 Two methods stand out in clear contrast the polemic and the irenic the method of argument debate contrast and comparison on the one hand and on the other had the method of loving approach along lines of least resistance e g The story of the Cretan Tavern keeper and asking the fruit vendor for fruit of the Spirit Jesse R Wilson One of a kind Christian Century 84 21 1967 687 688 It was said that of Raymond Lull that he wrote an unbelievable number of books hundreds of manuscripts of his works may be found in European libraries to this day In this particular as in others Zwemer ranks as a disciple of his famous precursor in missionary work for Moslems J Christy Wilson Sr Apostle to Islam a biography of Samuel M Zwemer Grand Rapids Baker 1952 193 J Christy Wilson Sr Apostle to Islam a biography of Samuel M Zwemer Grand Rapids Baker 1952 205 Lyle Vander Werff Christian Mission to Muslims 226 Zwemer Editorial The Moslem World 1 1 2 J Christy Wilson Sr Apostle to Islam a biography of Samuel M Zwemer Grand Rapids Baker 1952 182 Wilson Sr Apostle 14 cf 188 9 Cited in J Christy Wilson Sr Apostle to Islam a biography of Samuel M Zwemer Grand Rapids Baker 1952 186 7 J Christy Wilson Sr Apostle to Islam a biography of Samuel M Zwemer Grand Rapids Baker 1952 13 J Christy Wilson Jr The Apostle to Islam The Legacy of Samuel Zwemer IJFM 13 4 1996 165 Certainly no missionary of our time has been more widely quoted J Christy Wilson Sr Apostle to Islam a biography of Samuel M Zwemer Grand Rapids Baker 1952 14 a b c J Christy Wilson Jr The Apostle to Islam The Legacy of Samuel Zwemer IJFM 13 4 1996 166 J Christy Wilson Sr Apostle to Islam a biography of Samuel M Zwemer Grand Rapids Baker 1952 69 At the great Tambaram Missionary Conference of 1938 the most moving of all the speeches was that of the veteran Dr Paul Harrison who having told the story of the five converts that the mission had won in fifty years sat down with the quiet words The Church in Arabia salutes you Stephen Neill A History of Christian Missions 2nd ed rev Owen Chadwick Ringwood Victoria Penguin 1986 311 Tucker From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya 240 Wilson Sr The Significance of Samuel Zwemer 54 Kenneth Scott Latourette says that only on the last day will it be clear how many countries have been touched by them or how many thousands have been introduced to eternal life by their witness Kenneth Scott Latourette in J Christy Wilson Sr Apostle to Islam a biography of Samuel M Zwemer Grand Rapids Baker 1952 5 His father taught him the Heidelberg Catechism as a boy and he remembered many of the answers all his life Wilson Sr Apostle 241 His theology was conservative Calvinism and he believed with all his heart in the whole of the Bible as the Word of God and in the Reformed Faith J Christy Wilson Sr Apostle to Islam a biography of Samuel M Zwemer Grand Rapids Baker 1952 241 The Bible was so much a part of his life that thought and word seemed naturally to take the form of Biblical phrase J Christy Wilson Sr Apostle to Islam a biography of Samuel M Zwemer Grand Rapids Baker 1952 241 Hubers Samuel Zwemer 118 See Samuel Zwemer Arabia The Cradle of Islam New York Fleming H Revell 1900 171 and then Samuel Zwemer The Allah of Islam and the God of Jesus Christ The Moslem World 36 4 1946 66 67 e g The ninety nine excellent names of Allah can also with one or two exceptions be found as attributes of Jehovah in the Old Testament Scriptures Samuel Zwemer Calvinism and the Missionary Enterprise ThTo 7 2 1950 212 214 J Christy Wilson Sr Apostle to Islam a biography of Samuel M Zwemer Grand Rapids Baker 1952 Frontispiece Islamic theism is so great and so strong that it often puts our Western theism timid of transcendence shy of miracles and confined to second causes to shame Zwemer The Allah of Islam and the God of Jesus Christ 67 Moslem mysticism was a revolt against the orthodox doctrine of Allah The human heart craves a God who loves a personal God who has close relations with humanity a living God who can be touched with the feeling of our infirmities and who hears and answers prayer Samuel Zwemer Surat al Ikhlas The Moslem World 26 4 1936 328 The doctrine of the Trinity is not only fundamental but essential to Christianity Samuel Zwemer The Doctrine of the Trinity The Moslem World 35 1 1945 2 The God whom men know outside of Jesus Christ and apart from the Holy Spirit is a nebulous thing an idea not a reality Zwemer The Doctrine of the Trinity 2 The Incarnation was the greatest miracle of human history Zwemer The Glory of the Manger 11 J Christy Wilson Jr The Apostle to Islam The Legacy of Samuel Zwemer IJFM 13 4 1996 167 If the Cross of Christ is anything to the mind it is surely everything the most profound reality and the sublimest mystery Samuel Zwener The Glory of the Cross London Marshall Organ amp Scott 1928 6 The Cross of Christ is indeed the missing link in the Moslem creed Zwener The Glory of the Cross 89 Zwemer Editorial The Moslem World 1 2 1911 97 He wrote there is a sense in which Christianity is as intolerant as Islam Samuel Zwemer Thinking Missions with Christ London Marshall Organ amp Scott 1934 67 See Vander Werff Christian Mission to Muslims 260 Calvin quoted by Zwemer in Calvinism 208 Samuel Zwemer The Glory of the Impossible in Perspectives on the World Christian Movement 4th Edition ed Ralph D Winter amp Steven C Hawthorne Orig year 1911 Pasadena Paternoster 2009 329 I only hope that when Christ s gospel has conquered Arabia the name of Jesus will be written on every mosque and in every heart Samuel Zwemer amp Amy Zwemer Tosy Turvy Land Arabia pictured for children New York Fleming H Revell 1902 71 the twentieth century is to be preeminently a century of missions to Moslems Raymond Lull First Missionary to the Moslems New York Funk amp Wagnalls 1902 xxi Samuel Zwemer A Call to Prayer in Islam and the Cross ed Roger S Greenway orig year 1923 Phillipsburg P amp R 2002 144 The gravestone for his daughters reads WORTHY IS THE LAMB TO RECEIVE RICHES J Christy Wilson Jr The Apostle to Islam The Legacy of Samuel Zwemer IJFM 13 4 1996 165 Vander Werff Christian Mission to Muslims 235 236 243 249 251 cf Samuel Zwemer Our Evangel and Islam The Moslem World 26 2 1936 112 Zwemer Calvinism and the Missionary Enterprise Theology Today 7 2 1950 214 Acts 20 28 quoted by Zwemer The Glory of the Cross 16 95 105 amp 107 Samuel Zwemer amp James Cantine The Golden Milestone Reminiscences of Pioneer Days Fifty Years Ago in Arabia New York Fleming H Revell 1939 32 151 153 Zwemer Raymond Lull First Missionary to the Moslems New York Funk amp Wagnalls 1902 9 Also In spite of its objectionable doctrinal features what Protestant can read Dr Cole s admirable translation of the Stabat Mater without being deeply affected Raymond Lull 11 Though as a good Protestant he wasn t above making the odd joke about Catholicism if all the Popes had been married like Peter whom they claimed to be the first Pope they would never have dared to claim they were infallible Wilson Sr The Significance of Samuel Zwemer 58 When their Oriental Christians hearts are set aglow by the love of Christ they will make the Church a home for Moslem converts not only but run to meet the prodigals and welcome them to the Father s home and the Father s heart Zwemer Our Evangel and Islam 112 Samuel Zwemer Editorial The Moslem World 1 1 2 Zwemer Editorial The Moslem World 1 1 2 e g All Christians are agreed that belief in the return of our Saviour is of the ecumenical faith Samuel Zwemer The Glory of the Empty Tomb New York Fleming H Revell 1947 158 Also Samuel Zwemer The Dynamic of Evangelism The Moslem World 31 2 1941 110 Cited in Vander Werff Christian Mission to Muslims 235 Rev S M Zwemer January 1 1900 Arabia The Cradle Of Islam via Internet Archive Zwemer Samuel Marinus January 1 1902 Topsy turvy land New York Chicago etc F H Revell company via Internet Archive Zwemer Samuel Marinus January 1 1902 Raymond Lull first missionary to the Moslems New York Funk amp Wagnalls via Internet Archive Islam challenge Project Gutenberg Retrieved December 11 2022 Moslem Sisters Zwemer Samuel Marinus January 1 1908 The Moslem world New York Young people s missionary movement of the United States and Canada via Internet Archive Zwemer Samuel Marinus Brown Arthur Judson January 1 1908 The nearer and farther East outline studies of Moslem lands and of Siam Burma and Korea Macmillan via Internet Archive Zwemer Samuel Marinus Brown Arthur Judson January 1 1909 The nearer and farther East outline studies of Moslem lands and of Siam Burma and Korea New York Macmillan via Internet Archive Wherry Elwood Morris Zwemer Samuel Marinus Mylrea C G January 1 1911 Islam and Missions Being Papers Read at the Second Missionary Conference on Behalf of the Mohammedan World at Lucknow January 23 28 1911 Fleming H Revell Company via Internet Archive Moslem Christ Zwemer Samuel Marinus January 1 1911 The unoccupied mission fields of Africa and Asia London Marshall Brothers Ltd via Internet Archive Daylight Harem Illustrations Zwemer Samuel Marinus Zwemer Amy E Wilkes January 1 1911 Zigzag journeys in the camel country Arabia in picture and story New York Chicago etc Fleming H Revell company via Internet Archive Childhood in the Moslem World Zwemer Samuel Marinus January 1 1915 Childhood in the Moslem World Fleming H Revell Company via Internet Archive Zwemer Samuel Marinus 1916 Mohammed or Christ an account of the rapid spread of Islam in all parts of the globe the methods employed to obtain proselytes its immense press its strongholds amp suggested means to be adopted to counteract the evil New York London Fleming H Revell via Internet Archive Zwemer Samuel Marinus January 1 1916 The disintegration of Islam New York Toronto F H Revell via Internet Archive Zwemer Samuel Marinus 1920 A Moslem seeker after God showing Islam at its best in the life and teaching of al Ghazali mystic and theologian of the eleventh century New York Fleming H Revell via Internet Archive Zwemer Samuel Marinus January 1 1920 The influence of animism on Islam an account of popular superstitions London Central Board of Missions and Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge via Internet Archive Hartford Seminary Foundation 1911 The Muslim world Hartford etc Hartford Seminary Foundation etc via Internet Archive Zwemer Samuel Marinus January 1 1918 The Moslem World Nile Mission Press via Google Books Zwemer Samuel Marinus January 1 1919 The Moslem World Nile Mission Press via Google Books Zwemer Samuel Marinus January 1 1920 The Moslem World Nile Mission Press via Google Books Zwemer Samuel Marinus January 1 1921 The Moslem World Nile Mission Press via Google Books Zwemer Samuel Marinus January 1 1922 The Moslem World Nile Mission Press via Google Books Zwemer Samuel Marinus January 1 1922 The Moslem World Nile Mission Press via Internet Archive The Law of Apostasy in Islam The Glory of the Cross Across the world of Islam Zwemer Samuel Marinus Taking Hold of God studies in Prayer London Marshall Morgan amp Scott via Internet Archive The Solitary Throne Zwemer Samuel Marinus Cantine James 1938 The golden milestone microform reminiscences of pioneer days fifty years ago in Arabia New York etc Fleming H Revell via Internet Archive The Glory of the Manger Studies on the Incarnation The Glory of the Empty TombExternal links edit nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Author Samuel Marinus Zwemer nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Samuel Marinus Zwemer Zwemer Institute For Muslim Studies Works by Samuel Marinus Zwemer at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Samuel Marinus Zwemer at Internet Archive Works by Amy E Zwemer at Project Gutenberg Samuel Marinus Zwemer Missionary extraordinaire to Muslims biographical article by Andrew Marsay published in Evangelicals Now August 2002 The Legacy of Samuel Zwemer by J Christy Wilson Jr from the International Journal of Frontier Missions Vol 13 4 October December 1996 Raymund Lull First Missionary to the Muslims by Samuel Zwemer Samuel Zwemer Theological Seminary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Samuel Marinus Zwemer amp oldid 1213816951, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.