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Sam Treiman

January 01, 1970

Sam Bard Treiman (/ˈtriːmən/; May 27, 1925 – November 30, 1999) was an American theoretical physicist who produced research in the fields of cosmic rays, quantum physics, plasma physics, and gravity physics. He made contributions to the understanding of the weak interaction and he and his students are credited with developing the so-called standard model of elementary particle physics.[2] He was a Higgins professor of physics at Princeton University, a member of the National Academy of Sciences and member of the JASON Defense Advisory Group. He was a student of Enrico Fermi and John Alexander Simpson Jr. Treiman published articles on quantum mechanics, plasmas, gravity theory, condensed matter and the history of physics.

Sam Treiman
Born
Sam Bard Treiman

(1925-05-27)May 27, 1925
Chicago, United States
DiedNovember 30, 1999(1999-11-30) (aged 74)
New York City, United States
Alma materNorthwestern University
University of Chicago
Known forGoldberger–Treiman relation
Callan–Treiman relation
Coining the term "Standard Model"[1]
AwardsOersted Medal (1985)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsPrinceton University
Doctoral advisorEnrico Fermi
John Alexander Simpson
Doctoral students

Background edit

Treiman's parents, Abraham and Sarah, were Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe who emigrated to Chicago. Sam had a brother, Oscar, who was six years older. Sam was educated in the Chicago public school system and, after graduating high school in 1942, he entered Northwestern University, electing to study chemical engineering. After two years at Northwestern he joined the navy, training as a radar repair technician and he spent the last year of the war as a petty officer in the Philippines, doing, in his words, "a prodigious amount of reading in the peaceful jungles - novels and science".[2] After the war he went to the University of Chicago, receiving a B.S. (1949) and M.S. (1950), having changed his major to physics. He received an Atomic Energy Commission predoctoral fellowship and in 1952 he was granted a PhD by the University of Chicago.[3] His doctoral thesis dealt with the physics of cosmic rays, and the work was done under the supervision of John Alexander Simpson. While at the university, Sam met his wife, Joan Little, an educational psychologist. They have three children - Rebecca, Katherine and Thomas.

Sam began teaching at Princeton in 1952 as an instructor. He spent his entire career at Princeton - associate professor (1958–63), professor (1963–77) and Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics (1977–1998). He served as chair of the physics department (1981–87) and chair of the University Research Board (1988–95). Probably his best known student at Princeton was Steven Weinberg, recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics in 1979. Other well known students are Nicola Khuri (1957), Curtis Callan (1964), and Stephen L. Adler (1964).

Treiman also made contributions to physics outside his professional role at Princeton. Beginning in the early 1960s, with the inception of the JASON Defense Advisory Group, he was a U.S. government advisor in the fields of plasma physics, physics education and strategic planning. (Although Treiman parted ways with Jason in the late 1960s, he rejoined them in 1979.)[2]

In 1970, when Fermilab was set up, its founder Robert R. Wilson asked Treiman if he would direct the theory group. Treiman, who did not want to leave Princeton, was able to help get the group started by taking several extended leaves of absence.[2]

Treiman and his wife Joan were active members of CUSPEA - a program set up by T.D. Lee to help mainland Chinese students get access to graduate education in the U.S. In 1981, 1982 and 1988, they traveled to China to interview prospective students for the program.[2][4]

A feature of Treiman's work was his ability to devise simple, unambiguous experimental tests for theoretical predictions and phenomena. In addition to his own work, Treiman was widely recognized as a teacher and mentor, supervising more than two dozen graduate students over three decades. His Socratic teaching style enabled his students to gain valuable insights without having been spoon fed the results. He was known for his general wisdom as well as his expertise. One of his more paradoxical sayings is known as Treiman's theorem: "Impossible things usually don't happen."[5]

He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1963,[6] and a member of the U. S. National Academy of Sciences in 1972.[7] Treiman was awarded the Oersted medal by the American Association of Physics Teachers in 1995. He was also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences[8] and the American Philosophical Society.[9]

Treiman died of leukemia on November 30, 1999.

Major scientific achievements edit

  • 1957 (with J. David Jackson and Henry Wyld) - definitive theory of allowed beta decays, taking into account time and parity violations
  • 1958 (with Marvin Goldberger) dispersion relations analysis of pion and nucleon beta decay, culminating in the Goldberger-Treiman relationship for the charged pion decay amplitude. This work eventually led to the hypothesis of the partially conserved axial vector current, known as PCAC and to a deeper understanding of spontaneously broken chiral symmetry of the strong interaction.
  • 1962 (with C.N. Yang) Treiman-Yang angle test for single pion exchange dominance
  • 1966 (with Curtis Callan) derivation of the Callan–Treiman relations for K meson decay.
  • 1971 (with David Gross) scaling in vector gluon exchange theories, coining the term twist for the difference between the dimension and spin of an operator.
  • 1972 (with Abraham Pais) deriving the implications of weak neutral currents for inclusive neutrino reactions.

Publications edit

  • Sam Treiman's publication records in SPIRES [1]
  • Treiman, Sam B. (1999). The Odd Quantum. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00926-0.
  • Photonics: Managing Competitiveness in the Information Era, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics and Applications, Vice Chairman S. Treiman, Board on Physics and Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences (1988)

References edit

  1. ^ Cao, Tian Yu. Conceptual developments of 20th century field theories. Cambridge University Press, 1998, p. 320.
  2. ^ a b c d e Adler, Stephen L. (2001). "Sam Bard Treiman". Biographical Memoirs: Volume 80 (2001). The National Academies Press. pp. 328–346. doi:10.17226/10269. ISBN 978-0-309-08281-5. Treiman and [his wife] Joan were early participants in the CUSPEA (Chinese/U.S. Physics Examination and Application Program) conceived by Tsung-Dao Lee in 1980 to help facilitate the admission of mainland Chinese students to physics graduate education in the United States. He and Joan went to China in 1981, 1982, and again in 1988 to examine and interview prospective candidates for the program.
  3. ^ Adler, Stephen L. (August 2000). "Obituary: Sam Bard Treiman". Physics Today. 53 (8): 63. Bibcode:2000PhT....53h..63A. doi:10.1063/1.1310130. Archived from the original on October 11, 2013.
  4. ^ Treiman, Sam (1996). "A Life in Particle Physics". Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. 46: 1–30. Bibcode:1996ARNPS..46....1T. doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.46.1.1. The candidates were also given an English language examination prepared by academics in China. After the results were collected, the US physicists and their spouses traveled to China to interview the candidates deemed to have successfully passed the examinations. The team then distributed the interview summaries along with the exam grades to participating American universities.
  5. ^ Frank Wilczek and Betsy Devine, Longing for the Harmonies: Themes and Variations from Modern Physics (1987); 1989 pbk edition
  6. ^ "APS (American Physical Society) Fellow Archive".
  7. ^ "Sam Treiman" (NAS)
  8. ^ "Sam Bard Treiman" (AAAS)
  9. ^ "APS (American Philosophical Society)Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved July 19, 2021.

Further reading edit

External links edit

  • Sam Treiman's photo
  • Biography

January 01, 1970
treiman, bard, treiman, 1925, november, 1999, american, theoretical, physicist, produced, research, fields, cosmic, rays, quantum, physics, plasma, physics, gravity, physics, made, contributions, understanding, weak, interaction, students, credited, with, deve. Sam Bard Treiman ˈ t r iː m e n May 27 1925 November 30 1999 was an American theoretical physicist who produced research in the fields of cosmic rays quantum physics plasma physics and gravity physics He made contributions to the understanding of the weak interaction and he and his students are credited with developing the so called standard model of elementary particle physics 2 He was a Higgins professor of physics at Princeton University a member of the National Academy of Sciences and member of the JASON Defense Advisory Group He was a student of Enrico Fermi and John Alexander Simpson Jr Treiman published articles on quantum mechanics plasmas gravity theory condensed matter and the history of physics Sam TreimanBornSam Bard Treiman 1925 05 27 May 27 1925Chicago United StatesDiedNovember 30 1999 1999 11 30 aged 74 New York City United StatesAlma materNorthwestern UniversityUniversity of ChicagoKnown forGoldberger Treiman relationCallan Treiman relationCoining the term Standard Model 1 AwardsOersted Medal 1985 Scientific careerFieldsPhysicsInstitutionsPrinceton UniversityDoctoral advisorEnrico FermiJohn Alexander SimpsonDoctoral studentsStephen L Adler Curtis Callan Herbert H Chen Glennys Farrar Paul B Kantor Young Suh Kim Stephen Schutz Bennie Ward Steven Weinberg Contents 1 Background 2 Major scientific achievements 3 Publications 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksBackground editTreiman s parents Abraham and Sarah were Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe who emigrated to Chicago Sam had a brother Oscar who was six years older Sam was educated in the Chicago public school system and after graduating high school in 1942 he entered Northwestern University electing to study chemical engineering After two years at Northwestern he joined the navy training as a radar repair technician and he spent the last year of the war as a petty officer in the Philippines doing in his words a prodigious amount of reading in the peaceful jungles novels and science 2 After the war he went to the University of Chicago receiving a B S 1949 and M S 1950 having changed his major to physics He received an Atomic Energy Commission predoctoral fellowship and in 1952 he was granted a PhD by the University of Chicago 3 His doctoral thesis dealt with the physics of cosmic rays and the work was done under the supervision of John Alexander Simpson While at the university Sam met his wife Joan Little an educational psychologist They have three children Rebecca Katherine and Thomas Sam began teaching at Princeton in 1952 as an instructor He spent his entire career at Princeton associate professor 1958 63 professor 1963 77 and Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics 1977 1998 He served as chair of the physics department 1981 87 and chair of the University Research Board 1988 95 Probably his best known student at Princeton was Steven Weinberg recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics in 1979 Other well known students are Nicola Khuri 1957 Curtis Callan 1964 and Stephen L Adler 1964 Treiman also made contributions to physics outside his professional role at Princeton Beginning in the early 1960s with the inception of the JASON Defense Advisory Group he was a U S government advisor in the fields of plasma physics physics education and strategic planning Although Treiman parted ways with Jason in the late 1960s he rejoined them in 1979 2 In 1970 when Fermilab was set up its founder Robert R Wilson asked Treiman if he would direct the theory group Treiman who did not want to leave Princeton was able to help get the group started by taking several extended leaves of absence 2 Treiman and his wife Joan were active members of CUSPEA a program set up by T D Lee to help mainland Chinese students get access to graduate education in the U S In 1981 1982 and 1988 they traveled to China to interview prospective students for the program 2 4 A feature of Treiman s work was his ability to devise simple unambiguous experimental tests for theoretical predictions and phenomena In addition to his own work Treiman was widely recognized as a teacher and mentor supervising more than two dozen graduate students over three decades His Socratic teaching style enabled his students to gain valuable insights without having been spoon fed the results He was known for his general wisdom as well as his expertise One of his more paradoxical sayings is known as Treiman s theorem Impossible things usually don t happen 5 He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1963 6 and a member of the U S National Academy of Sciences in 1972 7 Treiman was awarded the Oersted medal by the American Association of Physics Teachers in 1995 He was also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 8 and the American Philosophical Society 9 Treiman died of leukemia on November 30 1999 Major scientific achievements edit1957 with J David Jackson and Henry Wyld definitive theory of allowed beta decays taking into account time and parity violations 1958 with Marvin Goldberger dispersion relations analysis of pion and nucleon beta decay culminating in the Goldberger Treiman relationshipfor the charged pion decay amplitude This work eventually led to the hypothesis of the partially conserved axial vector current known as PCAC and to a deeper understanding of spontaneously broken chiral symmetry of the strong interaction 1962 with C N Yang Treiman Yang angle test for single pion exchange dominance 1966 with Curtis Callan derivation of the Callan Treiman relations for K meson decay 1971 with David Gross scaling in vector gluon exchange theories coining the term twist for the difference between the dimension and spin of an operator 1972 with Abraham Pais deriving the implications of weak neutral currents for inclusive neutrino reactions Publications editSam Treiman s publication records in SPIRES 1 Treiman Sam B 1999 The Odd Quantum Princeton NJ Princeton University Press ISBN 0 691 00926 0 Photonics Managing Competitiveness in the Information Era Commission on Physical Sciences Mathematics and Applications Vice Chairman S Treiman Board on Physics and Astronomy National Academy of Sciences 1988 References edit Cao Tian Yu Conceptual developments of 20th century field theories Cambridge University Press 1998 p 320 a b c d e Adler Stephen L 2001 Sam Bard Treiman Biographical Memoirs Volume 80 2001 The National Academies Press pp 328 346 doi 10 17226 10269 ISBN 978 0 309 08281 5 Treiman and his wife Joan were early participants in the CUSPEA Chinese U S Physics Examination and Application Program conceived by Tsung Dao Lee in 1980 to help facilitate the admission of mainland Chinese students to physics graduate education in the United States He and Joan went to China in 1981 1982 and again in 1988 to examine and interview prospective candidates for the program Adler Stephen L August 2000 Obituary Sam Bard Treiman Physics Today 53 8 63 Bibcode 2000PhT 53h 63A doi 10 1063 1 1310130 Archived from the original on October 11 2013 Treiman Sam 1996 A Life in Particle Physics Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 46 1 30 Bibcode 1996ARNPS 46 1T doi 10 1146 annurev nucl 46 1 1 The candidates were also given an English language examination prepared by academics in China After the results were collected the US physicists and their spouses traveled to China to interview the candidates deemed to have successfully passed the examinations The team then distributed the interview summaries along with the exam grades to participating American universities Frank Wilczek and Betsy Devine Longing for the Harmonies Themes and Variations from Modern Physics 1987 1989 pbk edition APS American Physical Society Fellow Archive Sam Treiman NAS Sam Bard Treiman AAAS APS American Philosophical Society Member History search amphilsoc org Retrieved July 19 2021 Further reading editAbraham Pais The Genius of Science a Portrait Gallery of Twentieth Century Physicists Oxford University Press 2000 Paul Hartman A Memoir on the Physical Review A History of the First One Hundred Years American Institute of Physics 1994 ISBN 1 56396 282 9 Treiman Sam 1996 A Life in Particle Physics Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 46 1 30 Bibcode 1996ARNPS 46 1T doi 10 1146 annurev nucl 46 1 1 Sam Bard Treiman A biographical memoir for the American Philosophical Society by Val Fitch 2002 Sam Bard Treiman A biographical memoir for the National Academy of Sciences by Stephen L Adler 2001 External links editSam Treiman s photo Biography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sam Treiman amp oldid 1192087990, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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