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Sakai Toshihiko (堺 利彦, November 25, 1871 – January 23, 1933) was a Japanese socialist. He advocated opposition to the Russo-Japanese War, founded the Heiminsha and published the newspaper Heimin Shimbun. He formed the Japan Socialist Party and the Japanese Communist Party, and became the first general secretary of the Japanese Communist Party. His pen name is Saka Kosen (堺枯川). He is also known for his translation with Kōtoku Shūsui.
Sakai was born as the third son to a samurai class family in what is now Miyako, Fukuoka. He attended what is now the Kaisei Academy where he studied the English language. However, he was expelled from the prestigious No.1 Higher Middle School for failure to pay his tuition, and worked as a tutor and a journalist in Fukuoka and Osaka while studying literature on his own, and writing works of fiction. He was invited to Tokyo by Suematsu Kenchō to stay at the residence of the former Mōri clan to help edit a history of the Meiji Restoration.[citation needed]
Afterwards, he went to work for the Yorozu Morning News, where he began to support social justice causes and pacifism.[citation needed]
In 1903, Sakai established the socialist organizationHeiminsha, together with Shūsui Kōtoku and Uchimura Kanzō. With the start of the Russo-Japanese War, Yorozu Morning News adopted a pro-government stance, and Sakai quit to form the weekly Heimin Shimbun together with Shūsui Kōtoku, which was critical of the war[1] and decried the high taxes which the war was causing. It also published a Japanese translation of the Communist Manifesto in its November 13, 1904, issue. Sakai was sentenced to two months in jail.[2] Sakai was also a strong supporter of the Esperanto movement, helping create the Japana Esperanto-Instituto in 1906.[citation needed]
In 1906, Sakai became one of the founding members of the Japan Socialist Party. He was arrested in the 1908 Red Flag Incident and was sentenced to two years in prison. Following the end of the First World War he participated in Rousoukai group. In 1922, he became one of the founding members of the Japan Communist Party and was elected to a seat in the Tokyo City Assembly in 1929. Sakai translated many works related to socialism, as well as utopian literature into Japanese. In June 1932, he was admitted to a hospital after an incident of domestic violence under suspicion of insanity, and died of a cerebral hemorrhage on January 23, 1933. His grave is at the temple of Sōji-ji in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama.[citation needed]
"Les martyrs japonais" (1911) (French postcard with the pictures of Denjirō Kōtoku, Toshihiko Sakai, Sanshirō Ishikawa and Kōjiro Nishikawa.
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese December 2020 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Japanese article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 3 688 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at ja 堺利彦 see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated ja 堺利彦 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Sakai Toshihiko news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2014 Learn how and when to remove this message In this Japanese name the surname is Sakai Sakai Toshihiko 堺 利彦 November 25 1871 January 23 1933 was a Japanese socialist He advocated opposition to the Russo Japanese War founded the Heiminsha and published the newspaper Heimin Shimbun He formed the Japan Socialist Party and the Japanese Communist Party and became the first general secretary of the Japanese Communist Party His pen name is Saka Kosen 堺枯川 He is also known for his translation with Kōtoku Shusui Sakai Toshihiko堺 利彦Sakai ToshihikoBorn 1871 11 25 November 25 1871Miyako Fukuoka JapanDiedJanuary 23 1933 1933 01 23 aged 61 Tokyo JapanBurial placeSōjō ji Tsurumi ku YokohamaNationalityJapaneseOther namesSaka KosenOccupation s Journalist newspaper editor politician Contents 1 Biography 2 See also 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksBiography editSakai was born as the third son to a samurai class family in what is now Miyako Fukuoka He attended what is now the Kaisei Academy where he studied the English language However he was expelled from the prestigious No 1 Higher Middle School for failure to pay his tuition and worked as a tutor and a journalist in Fukuoka and Osaka while studying literature on his own and writing works of fiction He was invited to Tokyo by Suematsu Kenchō to stay at the residence of the former Mōri clan to help edit a history of the Meiji Restoration citation needed Afterwards he went to work for the Yorozu Morning News where he began to support social justice causes and pacifism citation needed In 1903 Sakai established the socialist organization Heiminsha together with Shusui Kōtoku and Uchimura Kanzō With the start of the Russo Japanese War Yorozu Morning News adopted a pro government stance and Sakai quit to form the weekly Heimin Shimbun together with Shusui Kōtoku which was critical of the war 1 and decried the high taxes which the war was causing It also published a Japanese translation of the Communist Manifesto in its November 13 1904 issue Sakai was sentenced to two months in jail 2 Sakai was also a strong supporter of the Esperanto movement helping create the Japana Esperanto Instituto in 1906 citation needed In 1906 Sakai became one of the founding members of the Japan Socialist Party He was arrested in the 1908 Red Flag Incident and was sentenced to two years in prison Following the end of the First World War he participated in Rousoukai group In 1922 he became one of the founding members of the Japan Communist Party and was elected to a seat in the Tokyo City Assembly in 1929 Sakai translated many works related to socialism as well as utopian literature into Japanese In June 1932 he was admitted to a hospital after an incident of domestic violence under suspicion of insanity and died of a cerebral hemorrhage on January 23 1933 His grave is at the temple of Sōji ji in Tsurumi ku Yokohama citation needed nbsp Les martyrs japonais 1911 French postcard with the pictures of Denjirō Kōtoku Toshihiko Sakai Sanshirō Ishikawa and Kōjiro Nishikawa See also editJapanese dissidence during the Shōwa periodReferences edit Kowner Rotem 2006 Historical Dictionary of the Russo Japanese War The Scarecrow Press ISBN 0 8108 4927 5 p 337 Modern Japan An Encyclopedia of History Culture and Nationalism The Commoners Newspaper Heimin Shimbun 1903 05 p 35Further reading edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Sakai Toshihiko De Lange William 2023 A History of Japanese Journalism State of Affairs and Affairs of State Toyo Press ISBN 978 94 92722 393 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toshihiko Sakai e texts of Sakai s works at Aozora Bunko Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sakai Toshihiko amp oldid 1197068891, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
