Charlotte County, New Brunswick

Charlotte County (2016 population 25,428^[1]) is the southwest-most county of New Brunswick, Canada.

Charlotte County Comté de Charlotte
County
County courthouse and jail
Location within New Brunswick
Coordinates: 45°10′N 66°50′W / 45.167°N 66.833°W / 45.167; -66.833
Country	Canada
Province	New Brunswick
Established	1785
Named for	Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Area ^[1]
• Land	3,426.97 km^2 (1,323.16 sq mi)
Population  (2016)^[1]
• Total	25,428
• Density	7.4/km^2 (19/sq mi)
• Pop 2011-2016	4.2%
• Dwellings	13,513
Time zone	UTC−04:00 (AST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−03:00 (ADT)
Area code	506

It was formed in 1784 when New Brunswick was partitioned from Nova Scotia^[2] and named for Queen Charlotte.^[3] Once a layer of local government, the county seat was abolished with the New Brunswick Equal Opportunity program in 1966. Counties continue to be used as census subdivisions by Statistics Canada.

Located in the southwestern corner of the province, bordering the US state of Maine, Charlotte County is at the northern end of the Appalachian Mountains, which gives it a rugged terrain that includes Mount Pleasant. The St. Croix, Magaguadavic, and Digdegaush rivers drain into the Bay of Fundy. The county includes the large, populated islands of Grand Manan, White Head, Deer Island, and Campobello.

Eighteen per cent of the workforce is employed in aquaculture. Connors Bros., the largest sardine canning facility in North America, is located in Blacks Harbour. Cooke Aquaculture is an Atlantic salmon farming company, founded and headquartered in St. George. A paper mill, operated by JD Irving, is in Utopia, and Flakeboard Co. Ltd. operates outside of St. Stephen. Ganong Bros., Canada's oldest chocolate company, maintains its factory in St. Stephen.

Governance is in the form of New Brunswick municipalities in the case of the towns of St. Andrews, St. George, and St. Stephen, the villages of Grand Manan and Blacks Harbour, and the rural community of Campobello Island. The remaining parts of the county are administered as local service districts of the Southwest New Brunswick Regional Service Commission, except Clarendon, which is part of RSC 11 in neighbouring Sunbury County.

Demographics

Historical Census Data - Charlotte County, New Brunswick

Year	Pop.	±%
1991	26,607	—
1996	27,335	+2.7%
2001	27,366	+0.1%
2006	26,898	−1.7%
2011	26,549	−1.3%
2016	25,428	−4.2%
^[4]^[5]^[1]

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Charlotte County had a population of 26,015 living in 11,560 of its 13,449 total private dwellings, a change of 2.3% from its 2016 population of 25,428. With a land area of 3,418.24 km² (1,319.79 sq mi), it had a population density of 7.6/km² (19.7/sq mi) in 2021.^[6]

Canada census – Charlotte County, New Brunswick community profile

	2021	2016	2011
Population	26,015 (+2.3% from 2016)	25,428 (-4.2% from 2011)	26,549 (-1.3% from 2006)
Land area	3,418.24 km^2 (1,319.79 sq mi)	3,426.97 km^2 (1,323.16 sq mi)	3,424.33 km^2 (1,322.14 sq mi)
Population density	7.6/km^2 (20/sq mi)	7.4/km^2 (19/sq mi)	7.8/km^2 (20/sq mi)
Median age	49.6 (M: 48.8, F: 50.4)	47.9 (M: 47.0, F: 48.8)	45.1 (M: 44.0, F: 46.0)
Private dwellings	11,560 (total)	13,513 (total)	13,486 (total)
Median household income		$55,701	$48,953

References: 2021^[7] 2016^[8] 2011^[9] earlier^[10][11]

Population by census subdivision

Official name	Designation	Area: km^2 (sq mi)	2016 population^[8]
St. Stephen	Town	13.52 (5.22)	4,415
Grand Manan	Village	152.77 (58.98)	2,360
St. Andrews	Town	8.35 (3.22)	1,786
St. George	Town	16.17 (6.24)	1,517
Saint George	Parish		2,141
Pennfield	Parish		2,170
Saint Stephen	Parish		1,839
Saint David	Parish		1,529
Saint James	Parish		1,186
Fundy Bay	LSD	60.24	1,167
Dennis-Weston	LSD	43.94	1,023
Blacks Harbour	Village	9.06 (3.50)	894
Campobello Island	Rural community	39.67 (15.32)	872
West Isles	Parish		797
Lepreau	Parish		707
Saint Patrick	Parish		689
Saint Croix	Parish		657
Dufferin	Parish		573
Saint Andrews	Parish		553
Western Charlotte part B	LSD	28.97	534
Western Charlotte part A	LSD	162.3	435
Dumbarton	Parish		335
Beaver Harbour	LSD	2.25	277
Grand Manan	Parish		145
Clarendon	Parish		63

Language

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Charlotte County, New Brunswick^[4]
Census		Total		English				French				English & French				Non-official languages
Year		Responses		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %
2016		25,115		23,850	4.9%	94.96%		580	5.2%	2.31%		50	10.0%	0.21%		570	12.9%	2.27%
2011		26,185		25,015	2.4%	95.53%		610	7.0%	2.33%		55	120.0%	0.21%		505	26.3%	1.93%
2006		26,620		25,625	1.8%	96.26%		570	15.6%	2.14%		25	28.6%	0.10%		400	90.5%	1.50%
2001		27,020		26,100	0.2%	96.59%		675	23.9%	2.50%		35	22.2%	0.13%		210	16.0%	0.78%
1996		26,990		26,150	n/a	96.89%		545	n/a	2.02%		45	n/a	0.17%		250	n/a	0.93%

Infrastructure

Power generation

Hydroelectric dams operate in St. George and St. Stephen at Milltown, though the latter is currently being decommissioned.

Major highways

•   Route 1
•   Route 3
•   Route 127
•   Route 170
•   Route 172
•   Route 175
•   Route 176
•   Route 630
•   Route 725
•   Route 730
•   Route 735
•   Route 740
•   Route 745
•   Route 750
•   Route 755
•   Route 760
•   Route 770
•   Route 772
•   Route 774
•   Route 776
•   Route 778
•   Route 780
•   Route 785

See also

• List of communities in New Brunswick
• List of historic places in Charlotte County, New Brunswick
• List of people from Charlotte County, New Brunswick
• Disputed areas with the United States: Machias Seal Island, North Rock
• List of parishes in New Brunswick
• Royal eponyms in Canada

References

1. "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Charlotte, County [Census division], New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
2. Slumkoski, Corey (2005). "The Partition of Nova Scotia". The Winslow Papers. Electronic text centre (UNB Libraries). Retrieved May 5, 2020.
3. "Charlotte County", Place Names of New Brunswick: Where is Home? New Brunswick Communities Past and Present, Provincial Archives of New Brunswick, retrieved August 13, 2023
4. Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census
5. 2011 Statistics Canada Census Profile: Charlotte County, New Brunswick
6. "Population and dwelling counts: Canada and census divisions". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
7. "2021 Community Profiles". 2021 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. February 4, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
8. "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. August 12, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
9. "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. March 21, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
10. "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. August 20, 2019.
11. "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. July 18, 2021.