A sail plan is a drawing of a sailing craft, viewed from the side, depicting its sails, the spars that carry them and some of the rigging that supports the rig.[1] By extension, "sail plan" describes the arrangement of sails on a craft.[2][3] A sailing craft may be waterborne (a ship or boat), an iceboat, or a sail-powered land vehicle.
Depending on the level of detail, a sail plan can be a visual inventory of the suit of sails that a sailing craft has, or it may be part of a construction drawing. The sail plan may provide the basis for calculating the center of effort on a sailing craft, necessary to compare with the center of resistance from the hull in the water or the wheels or runners on hard surfaces. Such a calculation involves the area of each sail and its geometric center, referenced from a specific point.[4]
Sail inventory
Sail plan of a gaff-rigged sloop showing reefed sails
Considerations for a sail inventory in a yacht include the type of sailing (cruising, racing, passage-making, etc.) and the weather conditions anticipated. An assessment starts with a sail plan that depicts each kind of sail under consideration. The sail plan becomes a guide for which sails to use under the anticipated weather conditions, while under way. Sail names encompass fore-and-aft rigs, square rigs, and rigs that encompass both types.
Fore-and-aft rig
A cutter-rigged yacht, intended for off-shore sailing might have a sail inventory that includes: a mainsail, a roller furling genoa, and a working staysail for most wind conditions, and, for strong winds, a storm staysail and trysail. Sails for lighter winds would include a spinnaker, a drifter, and a mainsail with lighter sail cloth.[5]
Each sail has a separate set of considerations within the plan, for example with a performance sloop one may consider the following about its suit of sails:[6]
Spinnakers and drifters: Draft, weight and (a)symmetry address their applications
Square rig
A square-rigged sailing vessel carries both fore-and-aft sails, the jibs, staysails and mizzen sail, and square sails. Their naming conventions are:[7]
For jibs, attached to a bow sprit, (from forward, aftwards): flying, outer, and inner jibs, and the fore-topmast staysail, forestaysail, and foresail.
For staysails between the foremast and the mainmast (from bottom to top): main, main-topmast, main-topgallant, and main-royal (...staysail). Staysails between other masts are similarly named.
The mizzen sail (or "spanker") is a gaff-rigged, fore-and-aft sail, mounted on the after side of the mizzenmast. It was used to help tack the vessel.[8][9]
For square sails (from bottom to top): (fore, main, mizzen) ...sail, lower topsail, upper topsail, topgallant, royal, skysail.
Choice of rig
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, choosing a sail plan for a displacement watercraft stemmed from the size and tonnage of the vessel, its purpose (working vessel, cargo vessel or yacht) and the anticipated winds in the region where it was expected to sail. In that period, sail plans might start from smallest to largest boat or ship in a hierarchy of sailing rigs:[10][2]
^ abFolkard, Henry Coleman (2012). Sailing Boats from Around the World: The Classic 1906 Treatise. Dover Maritime. Courier Corporation. p. 576. ISBN9780486311340.
^Committee, Cruising Club of America Technical (1987). Desirable and Undesirable Characteristics of Offshore Yachts. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 161. ISBN978-0-393-03311-3.
^Symonds, A. A. (1938). An Introduction to Yacht Design. E. Arnold & Company. ISBN978-1-4733-8976-2.
^Hasse, Carol (28 November 2013). "Recommended Offshore Sail Inventory". Cruising World. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
^Greene, Danny (December 1986). Upgrading Your Sail Plan. Cruising World. pp. 47–52.
^Schäuffelen, Otmar (2005). Chapman Great Sailing Ships of the World. Hearst Books. pp. xxvii. ISBN978-1-58816-384-4.
^Reid, Phillip (18 April 2023). A Boston Schooner in the Royal Navy, 1768-1772: Commerce and Conflict in Maritime British America. Boydell & Brewer. p. 252. ISBN978-1-78327-746-9.
^"Harvesting the wind". Ocean Navigator. 31 August 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
^Chapelle, Howard I. (1936). Yacht Designing and Planning for Yachtsmen, Students and Amateurs. New York: Norton. ISBN978-1-4474-8252-9.
August 28, 2023
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A sail plan is a drawing of a sailing craft viewed from the side depicting its sails the spars that carry them and some of the rigging that supports the rig 1 By extension sail plan describes the arrangement of sails on a craft 2 3 A sailing craft may be waterborne a ship or boat an iceboat or a sail powered land vehicle Sail plan of a brig Contents 1 Purpose 1 1 Sail inventory 1 1 1 Fore and aft rig 1 1 2 Square rig 2 Choice of rig 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 ReferencesPurpose Edit Sail plan of a sloopDepending on the level of detail a sail plan can be a visual inventory of the suit of sails that a sailing craft has or it may be part of a construction drawing The sail plan may provide the basis for calculating the center of effort on a sailing craft necessary to compare with the center of resistance from the hull in the water or the wheels or runners on hard surfaces Such a calculation involves the area of each sail and its geometric center referenced from a specific point 4 Sail inventory Edit Sail plan of a gaff rigged sloop showing reefed sailsConsiderations for a sail inventory in a yacht include the type of sailing cruising racing passage making etc and the weather conditions anticipated An assessment starts with a sail plan that depicts each kind of sail under consideration The sail plan becomes a guide for which sails to use under the anticipated weather conditions while under way Sail names encompass fore and aft rigs square rigs and rigs that encompass both types Fore and aft rig Edit A cutter rigged yacht intended for off shore sailing might have a sail inventory that includes a mainsail a roller furling genoa and a working staysail for most wind conditions and for strong winds a storm staysail and trysail Sails for lighter winds would include a spinnaker a drifter and a mainsail with lighter sail cloth 5 Each sail has a separate set of considerations within the plan for example with a performance sloop one may consider the following about its suit of sails 6 Mainsail Lazy jacks reefing points and battens Jib Roller furling or reefing Spinnakers and drifters Draft weight and a symmetry address their applicationsSquare rig Edit A square rigged sailing vessel carries both fore and aft sails the jibs staysails and mizzen sail and square sails Their naming conventions are 7 For jibs attached to a bow sprit from forward aftwards flying outer and inner jibs and the fore topmast staysail forestaysail and foresail For staysails between the foremast and the mainmast from bottom to top main main topmast main topgallant and main royal staysail Staysails between other masts are similarly named The mizzen sail or spanker is a gaff rigged fore and aft sail mounted on the after side of the mizzenmast It was used to help tack the vessel 8 9 For square sails from bottom to top fore main mizzen sail lower topsail upper topsail topgallant royal skysail Choice of rig EditIn the late 19th and early 20th centuries choosing a sail plan for a displacement watercraft stemmed from the size and tonnage of the vessel its purpose working vessel cargo vessel or yacht and the anticipated winds in the region where it was expected to sail In that period sail plans might start from smallest to largest boat or ship in a hierarchy of sailing rigs 10 2 Yachts Catboat with a single sail Sloop with mainsail and jib Yawl with a small mast behind the steering post Ketch with a mizzenmast ahead of the steering postWorking boats and coastal freighters Cutter with a single mast and multiple headsails Schooner with two or more mastsOcean going merchant vessels Brig with two square rigged masts Brigantine with square rigged foremast and fore and aft mizzen Barque with two square rigged masts and a fore and aft mizzen Barquentine with one square rigged mast and two fore and aft masts behind Full rigged ship with three or more masts with square sails on eachGallery EditThe following sail plans are at various scales Gaff and square rigged sailing craft Sailing carriage 1785 Full rigged clipper ship Comet 1851 Barque Fusi Yama 1865 Schooner Grampus 1887Racing sailboats Sailboard Byte dinghy 470 dinghy Flying Dutchman dinghy E Scow 49er dinghy Formula 18 catamaran J Class yachtSee also EditSailing rigsReferences Edit Sail plan Collins English Dictionary 2023 a b Folkard Henry Coleman 2012 Sailing Boats from Around the World The Classic 1906 Treatise Dover Maritime Courier Corporation p 576 ISBN 9780486311340 Committee Cruising Club of America Technical 1987 Desirable and Undesirable Characteristics of Offshore Yachts W W Norton amp Company p 161 ISBN 978 0 393 03311 3 Symonds A A 1938 An Introduction to Yacht Design E Arnold amp Company ISBN 978 1 4733 8976 2 Hasse Carol 28 November 2013 Recommended Offshore Sail Inventory Cruising World Retrieved 21 February 2023 Greene Danny December 1986 Upgrading Your Sail Plan Cruising World pp 47 52 Schauffelen Otmar 2005 Chapman Great Sailing Ships of the World Hearst Books pp xxvii ISBN 978 1 58816 384 4 Reid Phillip 18 April 2023 A Boston Schooner in the Royal Navy 1768 1772 Commerce and Conflict in Maritime British America Boydell amp Brewer p 252 ISBN 978 1 78327 746 9 Harvesting the wind Ocean Navigator 31 August 2016 Retrieved 23 February 2023 Chapelle Howard I 1936 Yacht Designing and Planning for Yachtsmen Students and Amateurs New York Norton ISBN 978 1 4474 8252 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sail plan amp oldid 1168904693, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
