The province of Karabakh (also spelled Qarabagh; Persian: ولایت قره باغ, romanized: Ostān-e Qarabāgh) was a north-western province of the Safavid Iran, centered on the geographic region of Karabakh.
The governorship of Karabakh was generally held by a member of the Qajars, one of the Qizilbash tribes. Its highlands were controlled by the five Armenian melikdoms.
These provinces were headed by the shah's governors-general, who were called beglarbegs, or at other times hakems. The main urban center of the province of Karabakh was the city of Ganja.[1] The first Safavid governor of Karabakh (hakem) was Piri Beg Qajar, and was appointed as such in 1501.[1]Shahverdi-Sultan, from the Ziyadoglu clan of the Qajar tribe, was appointed by Shah Tahmasp I (r. 1524-1576) in 1554.[1]
Administrationedit
Under the Safavids, Karabakh was part of the mamalek ("state lands"), a form of the iqta' that had been used by the Buyid dynasty (934–1062). It was a type of prebendalism in which lands were given away as fiefs to tribal military forces, thus demonstrating the Safavids' reliance on them to protect the country. Due to its more exposed position as a frontier province, Qarabagh continued to remain mamalek land to maintain more security, in contrast to some other provinces which were transformed into khassa ("crown lands").[2] The Qizilbash chieftains were rewarded with mamalek land in exchange for their military alertness and for paying limited defined sum every year.[3] The governorship of Karabakh was generally held by a member of the Qizilbash Qajar tribe.[4][5]
The plains of Karabakh were dominated by nomadic Turkic tribes, who moved to the hillsides in search of suitable pastures throughout the summer. The highlands of Karabakh were dominated by Armenianmeliks (princes), who had established five melikdoms (Dizak, Gulistan, Jraberd, Khachen and Varanda) that ruled in Karabakh from the 16th-century to the 18th-century. These Armenian-ruled principalities, which upheld the notion of Armenian statehood, were used by the Safavids to fight the Ottoman Empire.[6]
This is a list of the known figures who governed Karabakh or parts of it.[4]Beglerbegi and hakem were administrative titles designating the governor.[7]
Bournoutian, George (2021). From the Kur to the Aras: A Military History of Russia's Move into the South Caucasus and the First Russo-Iranian War, 1801–1813. Brill. ISBN978-9004445154.
Floor, Willem (2008). Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri. Washington, D.C.: Mage Publishers. ISBN978-1933823232.
Floor, Willem (2021). "The Safavid court and government". In Matthee, Rudi (ed.). The Safavid World. Routledge. pp. 203–224.
Reid, James J. (1978). "The Qajar Uymaq in the Safavid Period, 1500-1722". Iranian Studies. 11 (1/4). Taylor & Francis: 117–143. doi:10.1080/00210867808701542. JSTOR 4310299. (registration required)
Tsibenko, Veronika (2018). "Karabakh, Nagorno". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
January 01, 1970
safavid, karabakh, province, karabakh, also, spelled, qarabagh, persian, ولایت, قره, باغ, romanized, ostān, qarabāgh, north, western, province, safavid, iran, centered, geographic, region, karabakh, province, karabakhostān, qarabagh1501, 1736the, administrativ. The province of Karabakh also spelled Qarabagh Persian ولایت قره باغ romanized Ostan e Qarabagh was a north western province of the Safavid Iran centered on the geographic region of Karabakh Province of KarabakhOstan e Qarabagh1501 1736The administrative divisions of Safavid Iran in the South CaucasusStatusProvince of Safavid IranCapitalGanjaGovernmentProvincePreceded by Succeeded by Aq Qoyunlu Afsharid IranToday part ofArmeniaAzerbaijan The governorship of Karabakh was generally held by a member of the Qajars one of the Qizilbash tribes Its highlands were controlled by the five Armenian melikdoms Contents 1 History 2 Administration 3 List of governors 4 References 5 SourcesHistory editThese provinces were headed by the shah s governors general who were called beglarbegs or at other times hakems The main urban center of the province of Karabakh was the city of Ganja 1 The first Safavid governor of Karabakh hakem was Piri Beg Qajar and was appointed as such in 1501 1 Shahverdi Sultan from the Ziyadoglu clan of the Qajar tribe was appointed by Shah Tahmasp I r 1524 1576 in 1554 1 Administration editUnder the Safavids Karabakh was part of the mamalek state lands a form of the iqta that had been used by the Buyid dynasty 934 1062 It was a type of prebendalism in which lands were given away as fiefs to tribal military forces thus demonstrating the Safavids reliance on them to protect the country Due to its more exposed position as a frontier province Qarabagh continued to remain mamalek land to maintain more security in contrast to some other provinces which were transformed into khassa crown lands 2 The Qizilbash chieftains were rewarded with mamalek land in exchange for their military alertness and for paying limited defined sum every year 3 The governorship of Karabakh was generally held by a member of the Qizilbash Qajar tribe 4 5 The plains of Karabakh were dominated by nomadic Turkic tribes who moved to the hillsides in search of suitable pastures throughout the summer The highlands of Karabakh were dominated by Armenian meliks princes who had established five melikdoms Dizak Gulistan Jraberd Khachen and Varanda that ruled in Karabakh from the 16th century to the 18th century These Armenian ruled principalities which upheld the notion of Armenian statehood were used by the Safavids to fight the Ottoman Empire 6 nbsp Persian miniature depicting Shah Abbas the Great hunting in Karabakh From an illustrated history created in 17th century Safavid IranList of governors editThis is a list of the known figures who governed Karabakh or parts of it 4 Beglerbegi and hakem were administrative titles designating the governor 7 Date Governor Observations 1501 1512 Piri Beg Qajar Hakem of Karabakh 1526 Hoseyn Beg Ustajlu Hakem of Karabakh 1528 Ya qub Soltan Qajar Hakem of Karabakh 1551 1556 Shahverdi Soltan Qajar Beglerbegi of Karabakh 1554 1564 Shahverdi Khan Soltan Ziyadoghlu Hakem of Karabakh 1564 1568 Ebrahim Beg Ziyadoghlu Qajar Beglerbegi of Karabakh and Ganja 1575 Yusof Khalifeh Ziyadoghlu 1576 Paykar Khan Igirmi Durt Hakem of Ganja and amir al omara of Karabakh 1576 1588 Emamqoli Beg Qajar Hakem of Karabakh and Ganja 1588 1590 Mohammad Khan Ziyadoghlu Qajar Beglerbegi of Karabakh 1589 1605 None Ottoman occupation 1605 1606 Hoseyn Khan Ziyadoghlu Qajar Beglerbegi of Karabakh 1606 1616 Mohammad Khan Ziyadoghlu Qajar Beglerbegi of Karabakh 1616 1627 Mohammad Qoli Khan Qajar Beglerbegi of Karabakh 1627 1633 Daud Khan Undiladze Beglerbegi of Karabakh 1633 Mohammad Qoli Khan Qajar 2nd term Beglerbegi of Karabakh 1651 1664 Mortezaqoli Khan Ziyadoghlu Beglerbegi of Karabakh 1664 Oghurlu Khan Beglerbegi of Karabakh 1694 Abbas Qoli Khan Beglerbegi of Karabakh and Hakem of Kakhetia 1695 Kalb Ali Khan Ziyadoghlu Beglerbegi of Karabakh and Hakem of Kakhetia 1723 Constantine II of Kakheti Beglerbegi of KarabakhReferences edit a b c Floor 2008 p 258 Matthee 2011 pp 141 142 Matthee 2011 p 142 a b Floor 2008 pp 258 259 Floor 2021 p 221 Tsibenko 2018 Floor 2008 p 124 Sources editBournoutian George 2021 From the Kur to the Aras A Military History of Russia s Move into the South Caucasus and the First Russo Iranian War 1801 1813 Brill ISBN 978 9004445154 Floor Willem 2008 Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran A Third Manual of Safavid Administration by Mirza Naqi Nasiri Washington D C Mage Publishers ISBN 978 1933823232 Floor Willem 2021 The Safavid court and government In Matthee Rudi ed The Safavid World Routledge pp 203 224 Matthee Rudi 2011 Persia in Crisis Safavid Decline and the Fall of Isfahan I B Tauris ISBN 978 0857731814 Reid James J 1978 The Qajar Uymaq in the Safavid Period 1500 1722 Iranian Studies 11 1 4 Taylor amp Francis 117 143 doi 10 1080 00210867808701542 JSTOR 4310299 registration required Tsibenko Veronika 2018 Karabakh Nagorno In Fleet Kate Kramer Gudrun Matringe Denis Nawas John Rowson Everett eds Encyclopaedia of Islam 3rd ed Brill Online ISSN 1873 9830 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Safavid Karabakh amp oldid 1194236003, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
