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Sadarnunna

May 03, 2024

Sadarnunna was a Mesopotamian goddess regarded as the wife of Nuska. Very little is known about her individual character. She was worshiped in Nippur, and appears alongside other deities of this city in texts from the Ur III period already. In later times she is also attested in sources from other locations, for example Harran and Uruk.

Sadarnunna
Major cult centerNippur, Harran
Personal information
Parents
SpouseNuska

Character edit

The meaning of Sadarnunna's name remains uncertain.[1] In the earliest texts she appears in, it is consistently written in cuneiform as dSa-dir(i)-nun-na, but in the Old Babylonian period dSa-dàr(a)-nun-na (𒀭𒊓𒁰𒉣𒈾) became the default spelling.[1] According to the Old Babylonian forerunner to the later god list An = Anum and to an emesal vocabulary, she could also be called Ninka'ašbaranki, "mistress who makes decisions for heaven and earth."[2] Further attested alternate names include Ninkiaĝnuna, "mistress loved by the prince," Ninmešudu, "mistress who perfects the me," and Dumu-abzu, "child of the Abzu."[1]

Very little is known about Sadarnunna's individual character.[3] A late explanatory text describes her as the "advisor of god and king."[4] A hymn dedicated to her refers to her multiple times as the "virtuous woman" (munus-zi).[3]

Associations with other deities edit

Sadarnunna was regarded as the spouse of Nuska.[5] She is already paired with him in the earliest available sources mentioning her.[1] They appear together in various god lists, including the Weidner god list, the Mari god list and an Old Babylonian forerunner of An = Anum.[4] However, in the Nippur god list she instead appears alongside Ninkarnunna, and in the poorly preserved Isin god list after Gatumdug and before Gazbaba.[4] According to Old Babylonian sources, a room in a temple of Nuska in Nippur was regarded as a bedchamber which belonged both to him and to Sadarnunna.[3]

Anu was regarded as Sadarnunna's father.[6] This tradition is attested in a hymn dedicated to her, and in sources from Uruk.[4]

Under the dialectical emesal form of the name Ninmešudu, Gašanmešudu, Sadarnunna appears alongside Umunmuduru (Ninĝidru) in lamentations.[4] In the incantation series Šurpu (tablet VIII, lines 31-33) she appears between Šulpae and Belet-ili in a sequence of deities implored to release a patient from a curse.[7]

The god list An = Anum states that the deity Ad-ḪI-nun (reading of the second sign remains uncertain) served as Sadarnunna's counselor.[3]

Worship edit

Sadarnunna is first attested in offering lists from the Ur III period from Puzrish-Dagan which deal with the deities worshiped in Nippur.[1] For example, one mentions her alongside Nuska between the pairs Ninurta and Ninnibru and Lugalgusisu and Memešaga.[8]

Nippur was the cult center of Sadarnunna.[6] The Epaddanunus, "chosen house of the women"[3] or chosen house of the woman," is listed as her temple in the Canonical Temple List and possibly elsewhere, and it is presumed that it was located there.[9] Since it is absent from an administrative document listing the city's temples which received provisions in the Kassite period, it has been proposed that it was a part of a sanctuary of Nuska in the Ekur complex, rather than a fully independent house of worship.[3] Both Sadarnunna and Nuska were also worshiped in the Ešmaḫ, a shrine in the Ekur[10] whose name means "exalted house."[11] It is also possible that the Eš u-Enlille, "house (created) by the hand of Enlil," was dedicated to one or both of them.[12]

Sadarnunna appears alongside Nuska in an inscription on a kudurru (boundary stone) from the Kassite period which according to Wilfred G. Lambert represents "the religious outlook of Der."[13]

Documents from the reign of Nabonidus indicate Sadarnunna was worshiped in Harran.[14] An inscription of this king states that he restored the local temple Eḫulḫul, the "house which gives joy,"[15] for "the gods Sin, Ningal, Nusku and Sadarnunna," who he refers to as his "lords."[16] An inscription of his mother Adad-guppi states that he led the same deities there from Babylon in procession, and that he "performed (...) all the forgotten rites" dedicated to them.[17] Adad-Guppi also considered herself to be a devotee of these four deities.[18]

In the Seleucid period, Sadarnunna also came to be worshiped in Uruk, though she is absent from earlier Neo-Babylonian texts from this city.[19] According to Julia Krul, she was introduced to the local pantheon because of her connection to Nuska.[20] She might have been worshiped alongside him in a cella in the Bīt Rēš,[21] "head temple," a newly built complex dedicated to Anu and Antu.[22] During the akitu festival, she was one of the deities parading alongside the latter of these two deities, alongside the likes of Shala, Aya, Gula, Amasagnudi and Ašratum.[6] She also appears in an inscription of a certain Anu-uballiṭ, which contains an oracular inquiry pertaining to the creation of a new statue of Ishtar, which he directed at her, Shamash, Adad and Zababa.[23]

Lexical texts attest that the worship of Sadarnunna involved cultic boats.[3]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Cohen & Krebernik 2008, p. 481.
  2. ^ Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998, p. 439.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Cohen & Krebernik 2008, p. 483.
  4. ^ a b c d e Cohen & Krebernik 2008, p. 482.
  5. ^ Krul 2018, p. 67.
  6. ^ a b c Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013, p. 126.
  7. ^ Focke 1999, p. 105.
  8. ^ Sallaberger 1993, p. 119.
  9. ^ George 1993, p. 136.
  10. ^ George 1993, p. 85.
  11. ^ George 1993, p. 84.
  12. ^ Almamori & Bartelmus 2021, p. 184.
  13. ^ Lambert 2013, p. 267.
  14. ^ Theuer 2000, p. 374.
  15. ^ George 1993, p. 99.
  16. ^ Mellink 1991, p. 135.
  17. ^ Sack 1983, pp. 59–60.
  18. ^ Theuer 2000, p. 328.
  19. ^ Krul 2018, p. 72.
  20. ^ Krul 2018, p. 75.
  21. ^ Krul 2018, p. 152.
  22. ^ George 1993, p. 137.
  23. ^ Krul 2018, p. 44.

Bibliography edit

  • Almamori, Haider Oraibi; Bartelmus, Alexa (2021). "New Light on Dilbat". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie. 111 (2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 174–190. doi:10.1515/za-2021-2002. ISSN 0084-5299. S2CID 244530382.
  • Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013). Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources (PDF). Academic Press Fribourg. ISBN 978-3-7278-1738-0.
  • Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998), "Nin-kaʾašbar-anki", Reallexikon der Assyriologie (in German), retrieved 2022-09-19
  • Cohen, Mark E.; Krebernik, Manfred (2008), "Sadar(a)nunna, Sadir(i)-nuna", Reallexikon der Assyriologie, retrieved 2022-09-19
  • Focke, Karen (1999). "Die Göttin Ninimma". Archiv für Orientforschung. 46/47. Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO)/Institut für Orientalistik: 92–110. ISSN 0066-6440. JSTOR 41668442. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  • George, Andrew R. (1993). House most high: the temples of ancient Mesopotamia. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 0-931464-80-3. OCLC 27813103.
  • Krul, Julia (2018). The Revival of the Anu Cult and the Nocturnal Fire Ceremony at Late Babylonian Uruk. Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004364943_004. ISBN 9789004364936.
  • Lambert, Wilfred G. (2013). Babylonian creation myths. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-861-9. OCLC 861537250.
  • Mellink, Machteld J. (1991). "Archaeology in Anatolia". American Journal of Archaeology. 95 (1). Archaeological Institute of America: 123–153. doi:10.2307/505160. ISSN 0002-9114. JSTOR 505160. S2CID 245275550. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  • Sack, Ronald H. (1983). "The Nabonidus Legend". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale. 77 (1). Presses Universitaires de France: 59–67. ISSN 0373-6032. JSTOR 23282496. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  • Sallaberger, Walther (1993). Der kultische Kalender der Ur III-Zeit (PDF). De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110889253. ISBN 978-3-11-013932-7.
  • Theuer, Gabriele (2000). "Der Mondgott in den Religionen Syrien-Palästinas: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von KTU 1.24". Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis. 173. doi:10.5167/uzh-150559. Retrieved 2022-09-19.

External links edit

May 03, 2024
sadarnunna, mesopotamian, goddess, regarded, wife, nuska, very, little, known, about, individual, character, worshiped, nippur, appears, alongside, other, deities, this, city, texts, from, period, already, later, times, also, attested, sources, from, other, lo. Sadarnunna was a Mesopotamian goddess regarded as the wife of Nuska Very little is known about her individual character She was worshiped in Nippur and appears alongside other deities of this city in texts from the Ur III period already In later times she is also attested in sources from other locations for example Harran and Uruk SadarnunnaMajor cult centerNippur HarranPersonal informationParentsAnu father SpouseNuska Contents 1 Character 2 Associations with other deities 3 Worship 4 References 4 1 Bibliography 5 External linksCharacter editThe meaning of Sadarnunna s name remains uncertain 1 In the earliest texts she appears in it is consistently written in cuneiform as dSa dir i nun na but in the Old Babylonian period dSa dar a nun na 𒀭𒊓𒁰𒉣𒈾 became the default spelling 1 According to the Old Babylonian forerunner to the later god list An Anum and to an emesal vocabulary she could also be called Ninka asbaranki mistress who makes decisions for heaven and earth 2 Further attested alternate names include Ninkiaĝnuna mistress loved by the prince Ninmesudu mistress who perfects the me and Dumu abzu child of the Abzu 1 Very little is known about Sadarnunna s individual character 3 A late explanatory text describes her as the advisor of god and king 4 A hymn dedicated to her refers to her multiple times as the virtuous woman munus zi 3 Associations with other deities editSadarnunna was regarded as the spouse of Nuska 5 She is already paired with him in the earliest available sources mentioning her 1 They appear together in various god lists including the Weidner god list the Mari god list and an Old Babylonian forerunner of An Anum 4 However in the Nippur god list she instead appears alongside Ninkarnunna and in the poorly preserved Isin god list after Gatumdug and before Gazbaba 4 According to Old Babylonian sources a room in a temple of Nuska in Nippur was regarded as a bedchamber which belonged both to him and to Sadarnunna 3 Anu was regarded as Sadarnunna s father 6 This tradition is attested in a hymn dedicated to her and in sources from Uruk 4 Under the dialectical emesal form of the name Ninmesudu Gasanmesudu Sadarnunna appears alongside Umunmuduru Ninĝidru in lamentations 4 In the incantation series Surpu tablet VIII lines 31 33 she appears between Sulpae and Belet ili in a sequence of deities implored to release a patient from a curse 7 The god list An Anum states that the deity Ad ḪI nun reading of the second sign remains uncertain served as Sadarnunna s counselor 3 Worship editSadarnunna is first attested in offering lists from the Ur III period from Puzrish Dagan which deal with the deities worshiped in Nippur 1 For example one mentions her alongside Nuska between the pairs Ninurta and Ninnibru and Lugalgusisu and Memesaga 8 Nippur was the cult center of Sadarnunna 6 The Epaddanunus chosen house of the women 3 or chosen house of the woman is listed as her temple in the Canonical Temple List and possibly elsewhere and it is presumed that it was located there 9 Since it is absent from an administrative document listing the city s temples which received provisions in the Kassite period it has been proposed that it was a part of a sanctuary of Nuska in the Ekur complex rather than a fully independent house of worship 3 Both Sadarnunna and Nuska were also worshiped in the Esmaḫ a shrine in the Ekur 10 whose name means exalted house 11 It is also possible that the Es u Enlille house created by the hand of Enlil was dedicated to one or both of them 12 Sadarnunna appears alongside Nuska in an inscription on a kudurru boundary stone from the Kassite period which according to Wilfred G Lambert represents the religious outlook of Der 13 Documents from the reign of Nabonidus indicate Sadarnunna was worshiped in Harran 14 An inscription of this king states that he restored the local temple Eḫulḫul the house which gives joy 15 for the gods Sin Ningal Nusku and Sadarnunna who he refers to as his lords 16 An inscription of his mother Adad guppi states that he led the same deities there from Babylon in procession and that he performed all the forgotten rites dedicated to them 17 Adad Guppi also considered herself to be a devotee of these four deities 18 In the Seleucid period Sadarnunna also came to be worshiped in Uruk though she is absent from earlier Neo Babylonian texts from this city 19 According to Julia Krul she was introduced to the local pantheon because of her connection to Nuska 20 She might have been worshiped alongside him in a cella in the Bit Res 21 head temple a newly built complex dedicated to Anu and Antu 22 During the akitu festival she was one of the deities parading alongside the latter of these two deities alongside the likes of Shala Aya Gula Amasagnudi and Asratum 6 She also appears in an inscription of a certain Anu uballiṭ which contains an oracular inquiry pertaining to the creation of a new statue of Ishtar which he directed at her Shamash Adad and Zababa 23 Lexical texts attest that the worship of Sadarnunna involved cultic boats 3 References edit a b c d e Cohen amp Krebernik 2008 p 481 Cavigneaux amp Krebernik 1998 p 439 a b c d e f g Cohen amp Krebernik 2008 p 483 a b c d e Cohen amp Krebernik 2008 p 482 Krul 2018 p 67 a b c Asher Greve amp Westenholz 2013 p 126 Focke 1999 p 105 Sallaberger 1993 p 119 George 1993 p 136 George 1993 p 85 George 1993 p 84 Almamori amp Bartelmus 2021 p 184 Lambert 2013 p 267 Theuer 2000 p 374 George 1993 p 99 Mellink 1991 p 135 Sack 1983 pp 59 60 Theuer 2000 p 328 Krul 2018 p 72 Krul 2018 p 75 Krul 2018 p 152 George 1993 p 137 Krul 2018 p 44 Bibliography edit Almamori Haider Oraibi Bartelmus Alexa 2021 New Light on Dilbat Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archaologie 111 2 Walter de Gruyter GmbH 174 190 doi 10 1515 za 2021 2002 ISSN 0084 5299 S2CID 244530382 Asher Greve Julia M Westenholz Joan G 2013 Goddesses in Context On Divine Powers Roles Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources PDF Academic Press Fribourg ISBN 978 3 7278 1738 0 Cavigneaux Antoine Krebernik Manfred 1998 Nin kaʾasbar anki Reallexikon der Assyriologie in German retrieved 2022 09 19 Cohen Mark E Krebernik Manfred 2008 Sadar a nunna Sadir i nuna Reallexikon der Assyriologie retrieved 2022 09 19 Focke Karen 1999 Die Gottin Ninimma Archiv fur Orientforschung 46 47 Archiv fur Orientforschung AfO Institut fur Orientalistik 92 110 ISSN 0066 6440 JSTOR 41668442 Retrieved 2022 09 19 George Andrew R 1993 House most high the temples of ancient Mesopotamia Winona Lake Eisenbrauns ISBN 0 931464 80 3 OCLC 27813103 Krul Julia 2018 The Revival of the Anu Cult and the Nocturnal Fire Ceremony at Late Babylonian Uruk Brill doi 10 1163 9789004364943 004 ISBN 9789004364936 Lambert Wilfred G 2013 Babylonian creation myths Winona Lake Indiana Eisenbrauns ISBN 978 1 57506 861 9 OCLC 861537250 Mellink Machteld J 1991 Archaeology in Anatolia American Journal of Archaeology 95 1 Archaeological Institute of America 123 153 doi 10 2307 505160 ISSN 0002 9114 JSTOR 505160 S2CID 245275550 Retrieved 2022 09 19 Sack Ronald H 1983 The Nabonidus Legend Revue d Assyriologie et d archeologie orientale 77 1 Presses Universitaires de France 59 67 ISSN 0373 6032 JSTOR 23282496 Retrieved 2022 09 19 Sallaberger Walther 1993 Der kultische Kalender der Ur III Zeit PDF De Gruyter doi 10 1515 9783110889253 ISBN 978 3 11 013932 7 Theuer Gabriele 2000 Der Mondgott in den Religionen Syrien Palastinas Unter besonderer Berucksichtigung von KTU 1 24 Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 173 doi 10 5167 uzh 150559 Retrieved 2022 09 19 External links editA hymn to Sadarnuna Sadarnuna A in the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sadarnunna amp oldid 1170361379, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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