Rex operated transatlantic crossings from Italy with its running mate, Conte di Savoia prior to the outbreak of the Second World War. Rex maintained a commercial service in the Mediterranean Sea for eight years, but when Italy entered the war in June 1940 Rex was laid up for safe-keeping. On 8 September 1944, off Koper, Rex was hit by cannon fire and 123 rockets launched by Royal Air Force aircraft, caught fire from bow to stern. She rolled onto the port side, burned for four days, and sank in shallow water. The ship was broken up in situ in 1950.
Following North German Lloyd's successful capture of the Blue Riband with its Bremen and Europa duo of ocean liners, Rex was intended to be Italy's effort to do the same. Amid intense competition from other shipping companies, the Italian Line carried out an extensive publicity campaign for its two largest passenger ships, Rex and Conte di Savoia.
Both ships were dubbed "The Riviera afloat". To carry the theme even further, sand was scattered in the outdoor swimming pools, creating a beach-like effect highlighted by multicolored umbrellas.[2]Rex was decorated in a classical style while the norm of the time was the Art Deco or the so-called "Liner Style" that had been premiered onboard the French Line's Ile de France in 1927, Rex's running mateConte Di Savoia followed this rule, but also had rooms with classic style like her First Class Social Room also known as "Colonial Hall" . The ship's exterior design had followed the trend set by Germany's Bremen and Europa. Rex sported a long hull with a moderately raked bow and two working funnels with the colours of the Italian flag (red, white and green stripes), but still featured the old-type overhanging counter stern (also known as a fan tail) found on such liners as Olympic and Aquitania.
Rex was the first to be completed and was christened on 1 August 1931, in the presence of King Victor Emmanuel III and Queen Elena. She was both larger and faster than Conte di Savoia. Her attempt of a record-breaking maiden voyage was unsuccessful. She sailed from Genoa in September 1932, after a send-off from Premier Benito Mussolini, with a passenger list of international celebrities. While approaching Gibraltar, serious mechanical difficulties arose. Repairs took three days. Half her passengers requested to leave, preferring to reach Germany's coasts and take Europa; arriving in New York they found Rex already at dock. Lengthy repairs were required in New York before returning to Europe.[3] She arrived in Genoa on 26 October 1932, making her first west-to-east crossing in six and a half days.[4]
In August 1933, Rex fulfilled the promises of her designers and captured the Blue Riband on its westbound crossing from German ss Bremen with a time of four days and thirteen hours, with an average speed of 28.92 knots (53.56 km/h; 33.28 mph).[5] This record would last until 1935 when it was captured by the French Line's Normandie.
On 12 May 1938, in a demonstration of U.S. air power, three B-17 bombers of the U.S. Army Air Corpsintercepted Rex 620 nautical miles (1,100 km) at sea in a highly publicized event.[6]
World War II
A 272 Squadron Beaufighter climbs away after attacking Rex, (8 September 1944)
Rex capsized and still burning two days after the RAF attack
Following the outbreak of war, both Rex and Conte di Savoia continued regular Mediterranean cruises as if totally unaffected by events to the north. In the end, Italian liners proved to be among the final ships trading on a commercial basis. Their voyages ceased in the spring of 1940 and they were returned to Italian ports for safekeeping, with Rex laid up at Genoa, but after the city was bombed, the Italian Line decided to move it to Trieste. To prevent German forces from using the liner to blockade the harbor entrance, Rex was moved near Pula, where she lay for some time.
On 6 September 1944, Rex was spotted under tow south of Trieste, by a Royal Air Force (RAF) pilot, and showed a slight list.[7]
Welcome Flier for Tourist Class of Conte di Savoia and Rex, 1932
In 1946, officials of the Italian steamship line proposed to salvage Rex and recommission it. However, the liner had been sunk in a portion of the harbor allocated to Yugoslavia, which blocked any recovery. The remains of Rex - about one-third of the ship, including double bottom, boilers, and engines - are located off the Slovenian coast in the Gulf of Koper. The rest was scavenged for scrap iron in the 1950s by the local government; it was said that the ship was the largest Slovenian "iron mine" at the time.[9] Since 1954, after the formal annexation of Zone B of the Free Territory of Trieste to Yugoslavia, an anchor claimed to be from Rex has been on display in Congress Square of the Slovenian capital Ljubljana to symbolize the defeat of fascist expansionism. Though claimed to be from the liner, this anchor is not of the dreadnought style that Rex had.[citation needed]
The victory of Rex heralded a peak in Italy's cultural emergence; a lasting source of inspiration and national pride. In 1963 Peroni Nastro Azzurro was named for the "Blue Ribbon" which Rex won (nastro azzurro means "blue ribbon" in Italian.)[10]
In popular culture
The ship was featured in the 1973 film Amarcord, representing the "greatest thing the [Italian] regime ever built."[11]
References
^. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 3 March 2007.
^Classic Liners of Long Ago 10 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine
^Great Luxury Liners 1927-1954, A Photographic Record by William H. Miller, Jr.
^Wire service, "Completes Voyage", The San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, Thursday 27 October 1932, Volume 39, page 2.
^John T. Correll, "Rendezvous With the Rex", AIR FORCE Magazine December 2008, Vol. 91 No. 12, p. 56. Rex was 725 nautical miles (1,300 km) offshore on her last position report as the B-17s were taxiing for takeoff four hours before interception.
^"Giant Liner Rex Left Burning in North Adriatic". The San Bernardino Daily Sun. Vol. 51. San Bernardino, California. Associated Press. 10 September 1944. p. 1.
^"Photograph C 4622". Royal Air Force Operations In Malta, Gibraltar and the Mediterranean, 1940–1945. Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
^Kralj M. Rex 24 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 18 July 2008. (in Slovene)
^Rowin, Michael Joshua. "A Man for All Seasons". Reverse Shot.
External links
(sl,it,de)
Rex, at "Great Ships"
Winchester, Clarence, ed. (1937), "The Rex and the Conte di Savoia", Shipping Wonders of the World, pp. 1341–1345, illustrated description of Rex and Conte di Savoia
coordinates, 54889, 69194, 54889, 69194, italian, ocean, liner, launched, 1931, held, westbound, blue, riband, between, 1933, 1935, originally, built, navigazione, generale, italiana, guglielmo, marconi, state, ordered, merger, with, lloyd, sabaudo, line, mean. Coordinates 45 32 56 N 13 41 31 E 45 54889 N 13 69194 E 45 54889 13 69194 SS Rex was an Italian ocean liner launched in 1931 1 She held the westbound Blue Riband between 1933 and 1935 Originally built for the Navigazione Generale Italiana NGI as SS Guglielmo Marconi its state ordered merger with the Lloyd Sabaudo line meant that the ship sailed for the newly created Italia Flotta Riunite Italian Line Two B 17 bombers intercept the Italian liner SS Rex 620 nm from NY 1938 HistoryItalyNameRexOwnerItalian LinePort of registryGenoa ItalyBuilderG Ansaldo amp Co of Sestri Ponente Genoa ItalyLaunched1 August 1931Maiden voyage27 September 1932FateBombed by Allied bombers and capsized on 8 September 1944 and broken up in situ in 1950General characteristicsTypeOcean linerTonnage51 062 GRTDisplacement45 800 tonsLength880 ft 270 m overall 831 25 ft 253 37 m waterlineBeam96 ft 9 in 29 49 m Draught33 ft 10 m Depth79 ft 9 in 24 31 m at promenade deckInstalled power4 sets of geared steam turbines producing 120 000 shp 89 000 kW design power Propulsionquadruple propellersSpeed27 knots 50 km h 31 mph design speed over 28 knots 52 km h 32 mph maximum speed Capacity2 042 total passengers 408 first class 358 second class 410 tourist class 866 third classRex operated transatlantic crossings from Italy with its running mate Conte di Savoia prior to the outbreak of the Second World War Rex maintained a commercial service in the Mediterranean Sea for eight years but when Italy entered the war in June 1940 Rex was laid up for safe keeping On 8 September 1944 off Koper Rex was hit by cannon fire and 123 rockets launched by Royal Air Force aircraft caught fire from bow to stern She rolled onto the port side burned for four days and sank in shallow water The ship was broken up in situ in 1950 Contents 1 History 2 World War II 3 Post war 4 In popular culture 5 References 6 External linksHistory Edit First class grand staircase Following North German Lloyd s successful capture of the Blue Riband with its Bremen and Europa duo of ocean liners Rex was intended to be Italy s effort to do the same Amid intense competition from other shipping companies the Italian Line carried out an extensive publicity campaign for its two largest passenger ships Rex and Conte di Savoia Both ships were dubbed The Riviera afloat To carry the theme even further sand was scattered in the outdoor swimming pools creating a beach like effect highlighted by multicolored umbrellas 2 Rex was decorated in a classical style while the norm of the time was the Art Deco or the so called Liner Style that had been premiered onboard the French Line s Ile de France in 1927 Rex s running mate Conte Di Savoia followed this rule but also had rooms with classic style like her First Class Social Room also known as Colonial Hall The ship s exterior design had followed the trend set by Germany s Bremen and Europa Rex sported a long hull with a moderately raked bow and two working funnels with the colours of the Italian flag red white and green stripes but still featured the old type overhanging counter stern also known as a fan tail found on such liners as Olympic and Aquitania Rex was the first to be completed and was christened on 1 August 1931 in the presence of King Victor Emmanuel III and Queen Elena She was both larger and faster than Conte di Savoia Her attempt of a record breaking maiden voyage was unsuccessful She sailed from Genoa in September 1932 after a send off from Premier Benito Mussolini with a passenger list of international celebrities While approaching Gibraltar serious mechanical difficulties arose Repairs took three days Half her passengers requested to leave preferring to reach Germany s coasts and take Europa arriving in New York they found Rex already at dock Lengthy repairs were required in New York before returning to Europe 3 She arrived in Genoa on 26 October 1932 making her first west to east crossing in six and a half days 4 In August 1933 Rex fulfilled the promises of her designers and captured the Blue Riband on its westbound crossing from German ss Bremen with a time of four days and thirteen hours with an average speed of 28 92 knots 53 56 km h 33 28 mph 5 This record would last until 1935 when it was captured by the French Line s Normandie On 12 May 1938 in a demonstration of U S air power three B 17 bombers of the U S Army Air Corps intercepted Rex 620 nautical miles 1 100 km at sea in a highly publicized event 6 World War II Edit A 272 Squadron Beaufighter climbs away after attacking Rex 8 September 1944 Rex capsized and still burning two days after the RAF attack Following the outbreak of war both Rex and Conte di Savoia continued regular Mediterranean cruises as if totally unaffected by events to the north In the end Italian liners proved to be among the final ships trading on a commercial basis Their voyages ceased in the spring of 1940 and they were returned to Italian ports for safekeeping with Rex laid up at Genoa but after the city was bombed the Italian Line decided to move it to Trieste To prevent German forces from using the liner to blockade the harbor entrance Rex was moved near Pula where she lay for some time On 6 September 1944 Rex was spotted under tow south of Trieste by a Royal Air Force RAF pilot and showed a slight list 7 On 8 September 1944 she was attacked in the Bay of Capodistria now Koper Slovenia south of Trieste by 12 Bristol Beaufighter aircraft of 272 Squadron RAF escorted by nine North American P 51 Mustang aircraft assigned to the 52nd Fighter Group USAAF She was listing and on fire after being struck by 59 RP 3 rockets and numerous 20 mm cannon shells A second attack later that day by 12 more Beaufighters of 39 Squadron RAF and 16 Squadron South African Air Force resulted in her turning over and sinking in shallow water 8 Post war Edit Welcome Flier for Tourist Class of Conte di Savoia and Rex 1932 In 1946 officials of the Italian steamship line proposed to salvage Rex and recommission it However the liner had been sunk in a portion of the harbor allocated to Yugoslavia which blocked any recovery The remains of Rex about one third of the ship including double bottom boilers and engines are located off the Slovenian coast in the Gulf of Koper The rest was scavenged for scrap iron in the 1950s by the local government it was said that the ship was the largest Slovenian iron mine at the time 9 Since 1954 after the formal annexation of Zone B of the Free Territory of Trieste to Yugoslavia an anchor claimed to be from Rex has been on display in Congress Square of the Slovenian capital Ljubljana to symbolize the defeat of fascist expansionism Though claimed to be from the liner this anchor is not of the dreadnought style that Rex had citation needed The victory of Rex heralded a peak in Italy s cultural emergence a lasting source of inspiration and national pride In 1963 Peroni Nastro Azzurro was named for the Blue Ribbon which Rex won nastro azzurro means blue ribbon in Italian 10 In popular culture EditThe ship was featured in the 1973 film Amarcord representing the greatest thing the Italian regime ever built 11 References Edit Time Magazine report on Rex Blue Riband capture 1933 Archived from the original on 30 September 2007 Retrieved 3 March 2007 Classic Liners of Long Ago Archived 10 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine Great Luxury Liners 1927 1954 A Photographic Record by William H Miller Jr Wire service Completes Voyage The San Bernardino Daily Sun San Bernardino California Thursday 27 October 1932 Volume 39 page 2 greatoceanliners net greatoceanliners net John T Correll Rendezvous With the Rex AIR FORCE Magazine December 2008 Vol 91 No 12 p 56 Rex was 725 nautical miles 1 300 km offshore on her last position report as the B 17s were taxiing for takeoff four hours before interception Giant Liner Rex Left Burning in North Adriatic The San Bernardino Daily Sun Vol 51 San Bernardino California Associated Press 10 September 1944 p 1 Photograph C 4622 Royal Air Force Operations In Malta Gibraltar and the Mediterranean 1940 1945 Imperial War Museum Retrieved 27 February 2021 Kralj M Rex Archived 24 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 18 July 2008 in Slovene 1 permanent dead link Peroni Nastro Azzurro Campaigns Retrieved on 4 April 2013 Rowin Michael Joshua A Man for All Seasons Reverse Shot External links EditClassic Liners of Long Ago The Myth and the Legend a page dedicated to the ship Rex sl it de Rex at Great Ships Winchester Clarence ed 1937 The Rex and the Conte di Savoia Shipping Wonders of the World pp 1341 1345 illustrated description of Rex and Conte di SavoiaRecordsPreceded byEuropa Holder of the Blue Riband Westbound 1933 1935 Succeeded byNormandiePreceded byNone Holder of the Hales TrophyAugust 1935 October 1935 Succeeded byNormandie Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title SS Rex amp oldid 1154417052, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
