SS Conte Verde

Conte Verde was an Italian ocean liner active in the early 20th century.

SS Conte Verde in 1930s
History
Italy
Name	SS Conte Verde
Namesake	Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy
Operator	1925-1932: Lloyd Sabaudo 1932-1943: Lloyd Triestino
Port of registry	Genoa, Italy
Builder	William Beardmore & Co. of Glasgow
Yard number	612
Launched	21 October 1922
Maiden voyage	21 April 1923
Fate	Scrapped in 1949
General characteristics
Type	Ocean liner
Tonnage	18,761 GRT
Length	590.87 ft (180.1 m)
Beam	22.6 m
Decks	10
Installed power	3650 nhp
Propulsion	steam turbines double reduction unit and two propellers
Speed	18.5 knots
Capacity	450 1st class 200 2nd class 1,780 3rd class (emigrants' rooms)
Crew	400 total

The name was chosen in honor of Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy, the so-called “Green Count.” She was launched in 1923 at the shipyard of William Beardmore and Company in Dalmuir, Scotland. Her yard number was 612.^[1] The ship was a transatlantic liner of 18,761 GRT,^[2] ordered by the Italian shipping company Lloyd Sabaudo Line in Genoa. The first-class accommodations had a capacity of 450 passengers, second class was 200 passengers and third class (emigrants rooms) was 1,780 passengers. In addition, 400 crew members were on board. The ship was composed of 10 decks.^[3][4][5] The interiors of public rooms were designed in luxurious Italian classical styles.^[6][7] Her sister ship was the SS Conte Rosso.

Lloyd Sabaudo's Transatlantic Line

She started her maiden voyage from Genoa to Buenos Aires on 21 April 1923. She set sail for New York on 13 June 1923. One of her most famous voyages was when she brought the national association football teams of Romania, France, Yugoslavia, Belgium and Brazil to Uruguay to participate in the 1930 FIFA World Cup.^[8] The Romanian team boarded in Genoa, the French delegation (including FIFA president Jules Rimet) and Yugoslav team boarded in Villefranche-sur-Mer, the Belgian team boarded in Barcelona, and the Brazilian team boarded in Rio de Janeiro. The trophy and three referees, Jean Langenus, Henri Christophe, and Thomas Balvay also crossed the Atlantic Ocean on the ship.^[9] Other celebrities who sailed on the Conte Verde include Fyodor Chaliapin, a Russian opera singer, Josephine Baker, an American dancer, Fosco Maraini, an Italian academic of Tibetan and Japanese studies as well as a photographer and mountaineer, and Dacia Maraini, an Italian writer.^[10] Giovanni Giotta, owner of a famous San Francisco café, the Caffe Trieste founded in 1956, was a member of the ship’s crew.^[11]

Lloyd Triestino's Far East Line

After acquisition by Italian Line in 1932, she became a part of Lloyd Triestino (also chartered by Italian Line) for service between Trieste and Shanghai via Suez, Bombay, Colombo, Singapore and Hong Kong in 24 days. [2] For this transfer, she was thoroughly refitted. The first-, second- and third-class accommodations were reduced in capacity to 250, 170 and 220 passengers, respectively, to create wider spaces.

On 1 September 1937, she collided with NYK’s Asama Maru in an extraordinarily large typhoon in Hong Kong. She had run aground off the shores of Cape Collinson, and the Asama Maru was at the northernmost part of Chai Wan Bay. The work of refloating the Conte Verde required one month, and the Asama Maru took half a year.

From 1938 to 1940, the four Lloyd Triestino ships brought a number of Jewish refugees from Germany and Austria to Shanghai. Nazi persecution intensified especially after Kristallnacht on 9 November 1938. Then the number of the refugees increased dramatically as the ships became their lifeboats. Ultimately, 17,000 Jewish refugees came to Shanghai on the Lloyd Triestino’s ships.^[12][13][14] The refugee route via the ships was closed on 10 June 1940, when Italy joined the war. The liners’ operation was suspended indefinitely, and the Conte Verde was confined to Shanghai.

Exchange ship

In December 1941, Japan declared war on the Allies. In May 1942, Japan and the US agreed to exchange interned diplomats and other citizens, chartering three ships—Conte Verde (known as Teikyo Maru while chartered), Asama Maru and Gripsholm—for this purpose. The Conte Verde and Asama Maru were sent by Japan, and the Gripsholm by the US. They met at Lourenco Marques, exchanged the internees and returned. The Conte Verde and Asama Maru were moored at Yokohama while waiting for the second exchange voyage, but negotiations between Japan and the US collapsed. The Conte Verde left Yokohama on September and returned to Shanghai.

Sinking

Due to the Italian Armistice in 1943, Conte Verde was scuttled in Shanghai by her Italian crew to prevent seizure by Japanese forces,^[15] preventing ships from entering or leaving a Japanese naval yard where ships were being repaired, until it was raised July 1944.^[16] She was then bombed and sunk by a B-24 of the 373rd Bomb Squadron on 8 August before being raised and repaired once more, renamed Kotobuki Maru, converted into a troopship, and towed to Maizuru, a port town in the north of Kyoto Prefecture in June 1945, before being beached by damage from an aircraft raid on 25 July, and was finally scrapped in 1949.^[17][18][19]

See also

• Augustin Chantrel
• Henri Christophe (referee)
• Jean Langenus
• Thomas Balvay
• 1930 FIFA World Cup

References

1. "Conte Verde SS (1934~1944) Kotobuki Maru (Conte Verde) (+1944)". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
2. The Ships List 19 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved 19 February 2008
3. “The Propelling Machinery of the Twin-Screw Atlantic Liners ‘Conte Rosso’ and ‘Conte Verde’.” The Shipbuilder (Shipbuilder Press, London), September 1922, pp. 117-127.
4. “The Italian Liner ‘Conte Verde’.” Shipbuilding and Shipping Record (London), 13 September 1923, pp. 325-335.
5. Kyoto popular front : Anti-Fascist movement at a café in Kyoto during the 1930s. Kyoto: Hokuto Shobo Books. 2012. pp. 40–50. ISBN 9784894672239.
6. The New York Times, 19 February 1922.
7. Brinnin, John Malcolm. “The Decoration of Ocean Liners: Rules and Exceptions.” The Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts, Vol. 15, Transportation Theme Issue, Winter-Spring, 1990.
8. . FIFA. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
9. - Official FIFA World Cup web site
10. Maraini, Dacaia. Ein Schiff nach Kobe: Das japanische Tagebuch meiner Mutter. Translated from the Italian by Eva-Maria Wager. München: Pieper Verlag GmbH, 2003.
11. "Giovanni Giotta & Kristen Jensen, "Giovanni Giotta---Song of the Fisherman"". Istrianet.org. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
12. Cope, Elizabeth W. “Displaced Europeans in Shanghai.” Far Eastern Survey (Institute of Pacific Relations), Vol. 17, No. 23, 8 December 1948.
13. Kranzler, David H. “The history of the Jewish refugee community of Shanghai 1938-1945.” PhD thesis, Yeshiva University, 1971.
14. Ross, James R. Escape to Shanghai: A Jewish Community in China. New York: Free Press, 1994, pp. 42-50.
15. "Repatriation Day: 1943", North China Daily News Sunday 18 September 1949
16. "World Cup stunning moments: The Conte Verde's trip to Uruguay in 1930". TheGuardian.com. 10 May 2018.
17. Sinking of the Conte Verde Rickshaw.org. Retrieved on 15 February 2007.
18. Ships That Brought Us Rickshaw.org. Retrieved on 15 February 2007.
19. "Kokansen". Combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 25 October 2013.