SN Refsdal is the first detected multiply-lensedsupernova, visible within the field of the galaxy cluster MACS J1149+2223. It was named after Norwegian astrophysicist Sjur Refsdal, who, in 1964, first proposed using time-delayed images from a lensed supernova to study the expansion of the universe.[1][2][3] The observations were made using the Hubble Space Telescope.[4]
SN Refsdal
SN Refsdal (inset picture) and galaxy cluster MACS J1149.6+2223.
The host galaxy of SN Refsdal is at a redshift of 1.49, corresponding to a comoving distance of 14.4 billion light-years and a lookback time of 9.34 billion years.[5] The multiple images are arranged around the elliptical galaxy at z = 0.54 in a cross-shaped pattern, also known as an "Einstein cross".[1]
Reappearanceedit
The image to the left shows a part of the deep field observation of the galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 from the Frontier Fields programme. The circle indicates the predicted position of the newest appearance of the supernova. To the lower right the Einstein cross event from late 2014 is visible. The image on the top right shows observations by Hubble from October 2015, taken at the beginning of the observation programme to detect the newest appearance of the supernova. The image on the lower right shows the discovery of the supernova on 11 December 2015, as predicted by several different models.
After the discovery of the supernova, astronomers predicted that they would be able to see it again in about one year, after the four images had faded away. This is because the initially observed four-image pattern was only one component of the lensing display. The supernova may also have appeared as a single image some 40–50 years ago elsewhere in the cluster field.[1]
The supernova reappeared at the predicted position between mid-November 2015 and December 11, 2015[6] (with the exact date being uncertain by approximately one month which is the interval between two consecutive Hubble observations),[7] in excellent agreement with the blind model predictions made before the reappearance was observed.[8][9][10] The time delay between the original quadruplet observed in 2014 and the latest appearance of the supernova in 2015 was used to infer the value of the Hubble constant. This is the first time this technique, originally suggested by Refsdal, has been applied to supernovae.[11]
Using measurements from SN Refsdal and galaxy cluster lens models, astronomers find that the Hubble constant has value H0 = 66.6+4.1 −3.3 km s−1 Mpc−1.[12]
See alsoedit
Einstein Cross, the gravitationally lensed quasar that gave rise to the term "Einstein cross"
Referencesedit
^ abcdefKelly, P. L.; Rodney, S. A.; Treu, T.; Foley, R. J.; Brammer, G.; Schmidt, K. B.; Zitrin, A.; Sonnenfeld, A.; Strolger, L. -G.; Graur, O.; Filippenko, A. V.; Jha, S. W.; Riess, A. G.; Bradac, M.; Weiner, B. J.; Scolnic, D.; Malkan, M. A.; von Der Linden, A.; Trenti, M.; Hjorth, J.; Gavazzi, R.; Fontana, A.; Merten, J. C.; McCully, C.; Jones, T.; Postman, M.; Dressler, A.; Patel, B.; Cenko, S. B.; et al. (2015). "Multiple images of a highly magnified supernova formed by an early-type cluster galaxy lens". Science. 347 (6226): 1123–1126. arXiv:1411.6009. Bibcode:2015Sci...347.1123K. doi:10.1126/science.aaa3350. PMID 25745167. S2CID 206633888.
^Overbye, Dennis (March 5, 2015). "Astronomers Observe Supernova and Find They're Watching Reruns". New York Times. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
^Amina Khan (5 March 2015). "Don't believe the light: Supernova in 'Einstein Cross' is a cosmic trick". Los Angeles Times.
^Sharon, K.; Johnson, T. L. (2015). "Revised Lens Model for the Multiply Imaged Lensed Supernova, "Sn Refsdal" in Macs J1149+2223". The Astrophysical Journal. 800 (2): L26. arXiv:1411.6933. Bibcode:2015ApJ...800L..26S. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/800/2/L26. S2CID 118735742.
^"Cosmological redshift z=1.49". Wolfram Alpha. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
^"Caught in the act - Hubble captures first-ever predicted exploding star". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 2015-12-19.
^"Detection of a SN near the center of the galaxy cluster field MACS1149 consistent with predictions of a new image of Supernova Refsdal". Patrick Kelly. The Astronomer's Telegram. 13 Dec 2015.
^Oguri, Masamune (2015). "Predicted Properties of Multiple Images of the Strongly Lensed Supernova SN Refsdal". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 449 (1): L86–L89. arXiv:1411.6443. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.449L..86O. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slv025. S2CID 118389176.
^Diego, J.M; Broadhurst, T.; Chen, C.; Lim, J.; Zitrin, A.; Chan, B.; Coe7, D.; Ford, H. C.; Lam, D.; Zheng, W. (2016). "A Free-Form Prediction for the Reappearance of Supernova Refsdal in the Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster MACSJ1149.5+2223". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 456 (1): 356–365. arXiv:1504.05953. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.456..356D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2638. S2CID 32212490.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Treu, T; et al. (2016). "Refsdal meets Popper: comparing predictions of the re-appearance of the multiply imaged supernova behind MACS1149.5+2223". The Astrophysical Journal. 817 (1): 60. arXiv:1510.05750. Bibcode:2016ApJ...817...60T. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/817/1/60. S2CID 36631665.
^Vega-Ferrero, J.; Diego, J.M; Miranda, V.; Bernstein, G. (2018). "The Hubble Constant from SN Refsdal". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 853 (1): 31–36. arXiv:1712.05800. Bibcode:2018ApJ...853...31O. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaa95f. S2CID 55840221.
^Kelly, P. L.; et al. (2023). "Constraints on the Hubble constant from Supernova Refsdal's reappearance". Science. 380 (6649): eabh1322. arXiv:2305.06367v1. Bibcode:2023Sci...380.1322K. doi:10.1126/science.abh1322. PMID 37167351. S2CID 258615332.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to SN Refsdal.
Images of first SN Refsdal in March and
NASA’s Hubble Discovers Four Images of Same Supernova Split by Cosmic Lens - by NASA
Predicted Reappearance of SN Refsdal (March 2015)
The image taken by Hubble around November 2015 shows new supernovae 'SX' in multiply image system at astro.berkeley.edu.
Hubble Hangout December 17 2015 discussing SN Refsdal
refsdal, first, detected, multiply, lensed, supernova, visible, within, field, galaxy, cluster, macs, j1149, 2223, named, after, norwegian, astrophysicist, sjur, refsdal, 1964, first, proposed, using, time, delayed, images, from, lensed, supernova, study, expa. SN Refsdal is the first detected multiply lensed supernova visible within the field of the galaxy cluster MACS J1149 2223 It was named after Norwegian astrophysicist Sjur Refsdal who in 1964 first proposed using time delayed images from a lensed supernova to study the expansion of the universe 1 2 3 The observations were made using the Hubble Space Telescope 4 SN RefsdalSN Refsdal inset picture and galaxy cluster MACS J1149 6 2223 Event typeSupernova UnknownDate11 November 2014 Patrick Kelly GLASS ConstellationLeoRight ascension11h 49m 35 45s 1 Declination22 23 44 84 1 EpochJ2000Distancez 1 49 1 ProgenitorunknownNotable featuresFirst multiply lensed supernova Related media on Commons edit on Wikidata Contents 1 Einstein cross 2 Reappearance 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksEinstein cross editThe host galaxy of SN Refsdal is at a redshift of 1 49 corresponding to a comoving distance of 14 4 billion light years and a lookback time of 9 34 billion years 5 The multiple images are arranged around the elliptical galaxy at z 0 54 in a cross shaped pattern also known as an Einstein cross 1 Reappearance edit nbsp The image to the left shows a part of the deep field observation of the galaxy cluster MACS J1149 5 2223 from the Frontier Fields programme The circle indicates the predicted position of the newest appearance of the supernova To the lower right the Einstein cross event from late 2014 is visible The image on the top right shows observations by Hubble from October 2015 taken at the beginning of the observation programme to detect the newest appearance of the supernova The image on the lower right shows the discovery of the supernova on 11 December 2015 as predicted by several different models After the discovery of the supernova astronomers predicted that they would be able to see it again in about one year after the four images had faded away This is because the initially observed four image pattern was only one component of the lensing display The supernova may also have appeared as a single image some 40 50 years ago elsewhere in the cluster field 1 The supernova reappeared at the predicted position between mid November 2015 and December 11 2015 6 with the exact date being uncertain by approximately one month which is the interval between two consecutive Hubble observations 7 in excellent agreement with the blind model predictions made before the reappearance was observed 8 9 10 The time delay between the original quadruplet observed in 2014 and the latest appearance of the supernova in 2015 was used to infer the value of the Hubble constant This is the first time this technique originally suggested by Refsdal has been applied to supernovae 11 Using measurements from SN Refsdal and galaxy cluster lens models astronomers find that the Hubble constant has value H0 66 6 4 1 3 3 km s 1 Mpc 1 12 See also editEinstein Cross the gravitationally lensed quasar that gave rise to the term Einstein cross References edit a b c d e f Kelly P L Rodney S A Treu T Foley R J Brammer G Schmidt K B Zitrin A Sonnenfeld A Strolger L G Graur O Filippenko A V Jha S W Riess A G Bradac M Weiner B J Scolnic D Malkan M A von Der Linden A Trenti M Hjorth J Gavazzi R Fontana A Merten J C McCully C Jones T Postman M Dressler A Patel B Cenko S B et al 2015 Multiple images of a highly magnified supernova formed by an early type cluster galaxy lens Science 347 6226 1123 1126 arXiv 1411 6009 Bibcode 2015Sci 347 1123K doi 10 1126 science aaa3350 PMID 25745167 S2CID 206633888 Overbye Dennis March 5 2015 Astronomers Observe Supernova and Find They re Watching Reruns New York Times Retrieved March 5 2015 Amina Khan 5 March 2015 Don t believe the light Supernova in Einstein Cross is a cosmic trick Los Angeles Times Sharon K Johnson T L 2015 Revised Lens Model for the Multiply Imaged Lensed Supernova Sn Refsdal in Macs J1149 2223 The Astrophysical Journal 800 2 L26 arXiv 1411 6933 Bibcode 2015ApJ 800L 26S doi 10 1088 2041 8205 800 2 L26 S2CID 118735742 Cosmological redshift z 1 49 Wolfram Alpha Retrieved 11 March 2015 Caught in the act Hubble captures first ever predicted exploding star www spacetelescope org Retrieved 2015 12 19 Detection of a SN near the center of the galaxy cluster field MACS1149 consistent with predictions of a new image of Supernova Refsdal Patrick Kelly The Astronomer s Telegram 13 Dec 2015 Oguri Masamune 2015 Predicted Properties of Multiple Images of the Strongly Lensed Supernova SN Refsdal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 449 1 L86 L89 arXiv 1411 6443 Bibcode 2015MNRAS 449L 86O doi 10 1093 mnrasl slv025 S2CID 118389176 Diego J M Broadhurst T Chen C Lim J Zitrin A Chan B Coe7 D Ford H C Lam D Zheng W 2016 A Free Form Prediction for the Reappearance of Supernova Refsdal in the Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster MACSJ1149 5 2223 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 456 1 356 365 arXiv 1504 05953 Bibcode 2016MNRAS 456 356D doi 10 1093 mnras stv2638 S2CID 32212490 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Treu T et al 2016 Refsdal meets Popper comparing predictions of the re appearance of the multiply imaged supernova behind MACS1149 5 2223 The Astrophysical Journal 817 1 60 arXiv 1510 05750 Bibcode 2016ApJ 817 60T doi 10 3847 0004 637X 817 1 60 S2CID 36631665 Vega Ferrero J Diego J M Miranda V Bernstein G 2018 The Hubble Constant from SN Refsdal Astrophysical Journal Letters 853 1 31 36 arXiv 1712 05800 Bibcode 2018ApJ 853 31O doi 10 3847 2041 8213 aaa95f S2CID 55840221 Kelly P L et al 2023 Constraints on the Hubble constant from Supernova Refsdal s reappearance Science 380 6649 eabh1322 arXiv 2305 06367v1 Bibcode 2023Sci 380 1322K doi 10 1126 science abh1322 PMID 37167351 S2CID 258615332 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to SN Refsdal Images of first SN Refsdal in March and reappeared in December 2015 at hubblesite org NASA s Hubble Discovers Four Images of Same Supernova Split by Cosmic Lens by NASA Predicted Reappearance of SN Refsdal March 2015 The image taken by Hubble around November 2015 shows new supernovae SX in multiply image system at astro berkeley edu Hubble Hangout December 17 2015 discussing SN Refsdal View of Exploding Star Appears Right on Cue National Geographic Society 17 December 2015 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title SN Refsdal amp oldid 1185733260, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
