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Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson (fl. 1164)

December 08, 2023

Not to be confused with Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson (died 1249).

Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson (fl. 1164) was a twelfth-century King of the Isles, succeeding the warrior Somerled. He was a son of Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles and a member of the Crovan dynasty. In the 1153, Óláfr was assassinated by three nephews, before his son, Guðrøðr, was able to overcome them and succeed his father as king. By 1158, Guðrøðr was forced from power by his brother-in-law, Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, who was married to Óláfr's daughter Ragnhildr. In 1164, when Somairle was killed in an invasion of Scotland, and while Guðrøðr was away in exile overseas, Rǫgnvaldr briefly seized the kingship for himself, before being overcome by Guðrøðr, who had him blinded and mutilated.

Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson
King of the Isles
Rǫgnvaldr's name as it appears on folio 39r of British Library Cotton Julius A VII (the Chronicle of Mann): "Reginaldum".[1]
HouseCrovan dynasty
FatherÓláfr Guðrøðarson

Background edit

Rǫgnvaldr was a son of Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles.[2] The men were members of the Crovan dynasty.[3] According to the thirteenth- to fourteenth-century Chronicle of Mann, Óláfr was married to Affraic, daughter of Fergus, Lord of Galloway.[4] According to this source, Óláfr and Affraic had a son, Guðrøðr.[5] Óláfr is further stated to have had many concubines by whom he had several daughters and three sons: Rǫgnvaldr himself, Lǫgmaðr, and Haraldr.[6] One of Óláfr's daughters is stated by the chronicle to have married Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Lord of Argyll.[7] Although this daughter is not named by the chronicle, she is identified as Ragnhildr by the thirteenth-century Orkneyinga saga.[8]

In 1153, the thirteenth- to fourteenth-century Chronicle of Mann reports that Óláfr was assassinated by three nephews whilst Guðrøðr was absent in Norway.[9] Within months of his father's assassination, Guðrøðr executed his vengeance. According to the chronicle, he journeyed from Norway to Orkney, enstrengthened by Norwegian military support, and was unanimously acclaimed as king by the leading Islesmen. He is then stated to have continued on to Mann, where he overcame his father's three killers, putting one to death whilst blinding the other two, and successfully secured the kingship for himself.[10]

In 1155 or 1156, the chronicle reveals that Somairle conducted a coup against Guðrøðr, specifying that Somairle's son, Dubgall, was produced as a replacement to Guðrøðr's rule.[11] Late in 1156, Somairle and Guðrøðr finally clashed in a bloody but inconclusive sea-battle. According to the chronicle, when the clash finally concluded the feuding brothers-in-law divided the Kingdom of the Isles between themselves.[12] Two years later, the chronicle reveals that Somairle invaded Mann and drove Guðrøðr from the kingship into exile.[13] With Guðrøðr gone, it appears that either Dubgall or Somairle became King of the Isles.[14] Although the young Dubgall may well have been the nominal monarch, the chronicle makes it clear that it was Somairle who possessed the real power.[15] Certainly, Irish sources regard Somairle as a king by the end of his career.[16]

Reign edit

Somairle lost his life in a failed invasion of Scotland in 1164.[17] Although it is possible that Dubgall was able to secure power following his father's demise,[18] it is evident that the kingship was seized by Rǫgnvaldr within the year. According to the chronicle, his reign began after he defeated a force of Manxmen at Ramsey.[19] Almost immediately afterwards, Guðrøðr made his return, with the chronicle reporting that Guðrøðr arrived on Mann with a large body of men, overpowered Rǫgnvaldr, having him mutilated and blinded.[20] Guðrøðr thereafter regained the kingship,[21] and the realm was divided between him and Somairle' descendants,[22] in a partitioning that stemmed from Somairle's coup in 1156.[23]

Citations edit

  1. ^ Munch; Goss (1874) p. 74; Cotton MS Julius A VII (n.d.).
  2. ^ McDonald, RA (2019) p. ix tab. 1; Oram (2011) p. xvi tab. 5; McDonald, RA (2007b) p. 27 tab. 1.
  3. ^ McDonald, RA (2007b) p. 27 tab. 1.
  4. ^ McDonald, RA (2016) pp. 339, 342; Wadden (2014) pp. 31–32; McDonald, RA (2012) p. 157; McDonald, RA (2007b) pp. 66, 75, 154; Russell; McClure; Rollason (2007) p. 35; Williams, G (2007) p. 130 n. 7; McDonald, RA (2000) p. 175; Sellar (2000) pp. 197–198; Oram (1988) pp. 34, 79; Anderson (1922) p. 137; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 60–61.
  5. ^ McDonald, RA (2016) p. 342; Wadden (2014) pp. 31–32; McDonald, RA (2012) p. 157; McDonald, RA (2007b) pp. 66, 154; McDonald, RA (2000) p. 175; Anderson (1922) p. 137; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 60–61.
  6. ^ McDonald, RA (2016) p. 342; Wadden (2014) pp. 31–32; McDonald, RA (2007b) pp. 66, 75; Williams, G (2007) pp. 130 n. 7, 147; Beuermann (2002) p. 423; McDonald, RA (2000) p. 175, 175 n. 55; Sellar (2000) pp. 197–198; McDonald, RA (1997) p. 45; Anderson (1922) p. 137; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 60–61.
  7. ^ McDonald, RA (2007b) p. 66; Woolf (2007b) p. 165; McDonald, RA (2000) p. 175 n. 55; McDonald, A (1995) p. 206; Anderson (1922) p. 137; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 60–61.
  8. ^ McDonald, RA (2000) p. 175 n. 55; McDonald, A (1995) p. 206; Anderson (1922) p. 255 n. 1; Vigfusson (1887) p. 210 ch. 110; Flateyjarbok (1862) p. 508 ch. 439; Anderson; Hjaltalin; Goudie (1873) p. 181 ch. 104.
  9. ^ Beuermann (2014) p. 85; Downham (2013) p. 171, 171 n. 94; McDonald, RA (2007b) pp. 67, 85, 92; Duffy (2006) p. 65; Beuermann (2002) p. 421; Duffy (2002) p. 48; Sellar (2000) p. 191; Williams, DGE (1997) p. 259; Duffy (1993) pp. 41–42, 42 n. 59; Oram (1988) pp. 80–81; Anderson (1922) p. 225; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 62–65.
  10. ^ Crawford (2014) p. 74; Downham (2013) p. 171; McDonald, RA (2012) p. 162; Abrams (2007) p. 182; McDonald, RA (2007a) p. 66; McDonald, RA (2007b) pp. 67, 85; Duffy (2006) p. 65; Oram (2000) pp. 69–70; Williams, DGE (1997) p. 259; Gade (1994) p. 199; Oram (1988) p. 81; Anderson (1922) p. 226; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 64–67.
  11. ^ Holton (2017) p. 125; Wadden (2014) p. 32; Downham (2013) p. 172; Woolf (2013) pp. 3–4; Oram (2011) p. 120; Williams, G (2007) pp. 143, 145–146; Woolf (2007a) p. 80; Barrow (2006) pp. 143–144; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) pp. 243–244; Woolf (2004) p. 104; Rixson (2001) p. 85; Oram (2000) pp. 74, 76; McDonald, RA (1997) pp. 52, 54–58; Williams, DGE (1997) pp. 259–260, 260 n. 114; Duffy (1993) pp. 40–41; Duffy (1992) p. 121; McDonald; McLean (1992) pp. 8–9, 12; Scott (1988) p. 40; Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) p. 196; Anderson (1922) p. 231; Lawrie (1910) p. 20 § 13; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 68–69.
  12. ^ Wadden (2014) p. 32; McDonald, RA (2012) pp. 153, 161; Oram (2011) p. 120; McDonald, RA (2007a) pp. 57, 64; McDonald, RA (2007b) p. 92; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 244; Woolf (2004) p. 104; Oram (2000) pp. 74, 76; McDonald, RA (1997) pp. 52, 56; Williams, DGE (1997) p. 260; Duffy (1993) p. 43; McDonald; McLean (1992) p. 9; Scott (1988) p. 40; Rixson (1982) pp. 86–87; Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) p. 196; Anderson (1922) pp. 231–232; Lawrie (1910) p. 20 § 13; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 68–69.
  13. ^ McDonald, RA (2012) pp. 153, 161; Oram (2011) p. 121; McDonald, RA (2007a) pp. 57, 64; McDonald, RA (2007b) pp. 92, 113, 121 n. 86; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 244; Woolf (2004) p. 104; Oram (2000) pp. 74, 76; McDonald, RA (1997) p. 56; Duffy (1993) p. 43; McDonald; McLean (1992) p. 9; Rixson (1982) pp. 86–87, 151; Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) p. 196; Anderson (1922) p. 239; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 68–69.
  14. ^ McDonald, RA (1997) p. 57.
  15. ^ Oram (2011) p. 121.
  16. ^ Holton (2017) p. 124, 124 n. 14; The Annals of Tigernach (2016) § 1164.6; Annals of the Four Masters (2013a) 1083.10; Annals of the Four Masters (2013b) 1083.10; Woolf (2013) p. 3; McDonald, RA (2007b) p. 164; Annals of Tigernach (2005) § 1164.6; Sellar (2004); McLeod (2002) p. 31, 31 n. 22; McDonald, RA (2000) p. 179; Sellar (2000) p. 189; McDonald, RA (1997) pp. 57–58; Anderson (1922) p. 254.
  17. ^ Oram (2011) p. 128; McDonald, RA (2007a) p. 57; McDonald, RA (2007b) pp. 54, 67–68, 76, 85, 111–113; Sellar (2004); Sellar (2000) p. 189; McDonald, RA (1997) pp. 61–67; Duffy (1993) pp. 31, 45; Williams, DGE (1997) p. 150; Duncan; Brown (1956–1957) p. 197.
  18. ^ Oram (2011) p. 128.
  19. ^ McDonald, RA (2019) pp. 46, 48; Oram (2011) pp. 128–129; McDonald, RA (2007b) pp. 67–68, 85; Anderson (1922) pp. 258–259; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 74–75.
  20. ^ Oram (2011) pp. 128–129; McDonald, RA (2007a) p. 57; McDonald, RA (2007b) pp. 67–68, 85; Williams, DGE (1997) p. 150; Anderson (1922) pp. 258–259; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 74–75.
  21. ^ McDonald, RA (2007b) p. 85; Duffy (2004).
  22. ^ Sellar (2004); Williams, DGE (1997) pp. 70–71; Williams, DGE (1997) p. 150.
  23. ^ Williams, DGE (1997) pp. 70–71; Williams, DGE (1997) pp. 150, 260.

References edit

Primary sources edit

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  • Anderson, J; Hjaltalin, JA; Goudie, G, eds. (1873). The Orkneyinga Saga. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas.
  • "Annals of the Four Masters". Corpus of Electronic Texts (3 December 2013 ed.). University College Cork. 2013a. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  • "Annals of the Four Masters". Corpus of Electronic Texts (16 December 2013 ed.). University College Cork. 2013b. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  • "Annals of Tigernach". Corpus of Electronic Texts (13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  • "Cotton MS Julius A VII". British Library. n.d. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  • Flateyjarbok: En Samling af Norske Konge-Sagaer med Indskudte Mindre Fortællinger om Begivenheder i og Udenfor Norse Same Annaler. Vol. 2. Oslo: P.T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel. 1862.
  • Lawrie, AC, ed. (1910). Annals of the Reigns of Malcolm and William, Kings of Scotland, A.D. 1153–1214. James MacLehose and Sons. OL 7217114M.
  • Munch, PA; Goss, A, eds. (1874). Chronica Regvm Manniæ et Insvlarvm: The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys. Vol. 1. Douglas, IM: Manx Society.
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  • Vigfusson, G, ed. (1887). Icelandic Sagas and Other Historical Documents Relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 1. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OL 16401290M.

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Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of the Isles
1164 		Succeeded by
Notes and references
1. Either Somairle or Dubgall gained the kingship from Guðrøðr in 1156. Whilst it is possible that Dubgall was the nominal monarch, it is evident that the real power was possessed by Somairle, and Irish sources certainly regarded the latter as king later in his career. It is unknown if Dubgall held royal power after his father perished in 1164.

December 08, 2023
rǫgnvaldr, Óláfsson, 1164, confused, with, rǫgnvaldr, Óláfsson, died, 1249, twelfth, century, king, isles, succeeding, warrior, somerled, Óláfr, guðrøðarson, king, isles, member, crovan, dynasty, 1153, Óláfr, assassinated, three, nephews, before, guðrøðr, able. Not to be confused with Rǫgnvaldr olafsson died 1249 Rǫgnvaldr olafsson fl 1164 was a twelfth century King of the Isles succeeding the warrior Somerled He was a son of olafr Gudrodarson King of the Isles and a member of the Crovan dynasty In the 1153 olafr was assassinated by three nephews before his son Gudrodr was able to overcome them and succeed his father as king By 1158 Gudrodr was forced from power by his brother in law Somairle mac Gilla Brigte who was married to olafr s daughter Ragnhildr In 1164 when Somairle was killed in an invasion of Scotland and while Gudrodr was away in exile overseas Rǫgnvaldr briefly seized the kingship for himself before being overcome by Gudrodr who had him blinded and mutilated Rǫgnvaldr olafssonKing of the IslesRǫgnvaldr s name as it appears on folio 39r of British Library Cotton Julius A VII the Chronicle of Mann Reginaldum 1 HouseCrovan dynastyFatherolafr Gudrodarson Contents 1 Background 2 Reign 3 Citations 4 References 4 1 Primary sources 4 2 Secondary sourcesBackground editRǫgnvaldr was a son of olafr Gudrodarson King of the Isles 2 The men were members of the Crovan dynasty 3 According to the thirteenth to fourteenth century Chronicle of Mann olafr was married to Affraic daughter of Fergus Lord of Galloway 4 According to this source olafr and Affraic had a son Gudrodr 5 olafr is further stated to have had many concubines by whom he had several daughters and three sons Rǫgnvaldr himself Lǫgmadr and Haraldr 6 One of olafr s daughters is stated by the chronicle to have married Somairle mac Gilla Brigte Lord of Argyll 7 Although this daughter is not named by the chronicle she is identified as Ragnhildr by the thirteenth century Orkneyinga saga 8 In 1153 the thirteenth to fourteenth century Chronicle of Mann reports that olafr was assassinated by three nephews whilst Gudrodr was absent in Norway 9 Within months of his father s assassination Gudrodr executed his vengeance According to the chronicle he journeyed from Norway to Orkney enstrengthened by Norwegian military support and was unanimously acclaimed as king by the leading Islesmen He is then stated to have continued on to Mann where he overcame his father s three killers putting one to death whilst blinding the other two and successfully secured the kingship for himself 10 In 1155 or 1156 the chronicle reveals that Somairle conducted a coup against Gudrodr specifying that Somairle s son Dubgall was produced as a replacement to Gudrodr s rule 11 Late in 1156 Somairle and Gudrodr finally clashed in a bloody but inconclusive sea battle According to the chronicle when the clash finally concluded the feuding brothers in law divided the Kingdom of the Isles between themselves 12 Two years later the chronicle reveals that Somairle invaded Mann and drove Gudrodr from the kingship into exile 13 With Gudrodr gone it appears that either Dubgall or Somairle became King of the Isles 14 Although the young Dubgall may well have been the nominal monarch the chronicle makes it clear that it was Somairle who possessed the real power 15 Certainly Irish sources regard Somairle as a king by the end of his career 16 Reign editSomairle lost his life in a failed invasion of Scotland in 1164 17 Although it is possible that Dubgall was able to secure power following his father s demise 18 it is evident that the kingship was seized by Rǫgnvaldr within the year According to the chronicle his reign began after he defeated a force of Manxmen at Ramsey 19 Almost immediately afterwards Gudrodr made his return with the chronicle reporting that Gudrodr arrived on Mann with a large body of men overpowered Rǫgnvaldr having him mutilated and blinded 20 Gudrodr thereafter regained the kingship 21 and the realm was divided between him and Somairle descendants 22 in a partitioning that stemmed from Somairle s coup in 1156 23 Citations edit Munch Goss 1874 p 74 Cotton MS Julius A VII n d McDonald RA 2019 p ix tab 1 Oram 2011 p xvi tab 5 McDonald RA 2007b p 27 tab 1 McDonald RA 2007b p 27 tab 1 McDonald RA 2016 pp 339 342 Wadden 2014 pp 31 32 McDonald RA 2012 p 157 McDonald RA 2007b pp 66 75 154 Russell McClure Rollason 2007 p 35 Williams G 2007 p 130 n 7 McDonald RA 2000 p 175 Sellar 2000 pp 197 198 Oram 1988 pp 34 79 Anderson 1922 p 137 Munch Goss 1874 pp 60 61 McDonald RA 2016 p 342 Wadden 2014 pp 31 32 McDonald RA 2012 p 157 McDonald RA 2007b pp 66 154 McDonald RA 2000 p 175 Anderson 1922 p 137 Munch Goss 1874 pp 60 61 McDonald RA 2016 p 342 Wadden 2014 pp 31 32 McDonald RA 2007b pp 66 75 Williams G 2007 pp 130 n 7 147 Beuermann 2002 p 423 McDonald RA 2000 p 175 175 n 55 Sellar 2000 pp 197 198 McDonald RA 1997 p 45 Anderson 1922 p 137 Munch Goss 1874 pp 60 61 McDonald RA 2007b p 66 Woolf 2007b p 165 McDonald RA 2000 p 175 n 55 McDonald A 1995 p 206 Anderson 1922 p 137 Munch Goss 1874 pp 60 61 McDonald RA 2000 p 175 n 55 McDonald A 1995 p 206 Anderson 1922 p 255 n 1 Vigfusson 1887 p 210 ch 110 Flateyjarbok 1862 p 508 ch 439 Anderson Hjaltalin Goudie 1873 p 181 ch 104 Beuermann 2014 p 85 Downham 2013 p 171 171 n 94 McDonald RA 2007b pp 67 85 92 Duffy 2006 p 65 Beuermann 2002 p 421 Duffy 2002 p 48 Sellar 2000 p 191 Williams DGE 1997 p 259 Duffy 1993 pp 41 42 42 n 59 Oram 1988 pp 80 81 Anderson 1922 p 225 Munch Goss 1874 pp 62 65 Crawford 2014 p 74 Downham 2013 p 171 McDonald RA 2012 p 162 Abrams 2007 p 182 McDonald RA 2007a p 66 McDonald RA 2007b pp 67 85 Duffy 2006 p 65 Oram 2000 pp 69 70 Williams DGE 1997 p 259 Gade 1994 p 199 Oram 1988 p 81 Anderson 1922 p 226 Munch Goss 1874 pp 64 67 Holton 2017 p 125 Wadden 2014 p 32 Downham 2013 p 172 Woolf 2013 pp 3 4 Oram 2011 p 120 Williams G 2007 pp 143 145 146 Woolf 2007a p 80 Barrow 2006 pp 143 144 Forte Oram Pedersen 2005 pp 243 244 Woolf 2004 p 104 Rixson 2001 p 85 Oram 2000 pp 74 76 McDonald RA 1997 pp 52 54 58 Williams DGE 1997 pp 259 260 260 n 114 Duffy 1993 pp 40 41 Duffy 1992 p 121 McDonald McLean 1992 pp 8 9 12 Scott 1988 p 40 Duncan Brown 1956 1957 p 196 Anderson 1922 p 231 Lawrie 1910 p 20 13 Munch Goss 1874 pp 68 69 Wadden 2014 p 32 McDonald RA 2012 pp 153 161 Oram 2011 p 120 McDonald RA 2007a pp 57 64 McDonald RA 2007b p 92 Forte Oram Pedersen 2005 p 244 Woolf 2004 p 104 Oram 2000 pp 74 76 McDonald RA 1997 pp 52 56 Williams DGE 1997 p 260 Duffy 1993 p 43 McDonald McLean 1992 p 9 Scott 1988 p 40 Rixson 1982 pp 86 87 Duncan Brown 1956 1957 p 196 Anderson 1922 pp 231 232 Lawrie 1910 p 20 13 Munch Goss 1874 pp 68 69 McDonald RA 2012 pp 153 161 Oram 2011 p 121 McDonald RA 2007a pp 57 64 McDonald RA 2007b pp 92 113 121 n 86 Forte Oram Pedersen 2005 p 244 Woolf 2004 p 104 Oram 2000 pp 74 76 McDonald RA 1997 p 56 Duffy 1993 p 43 McDonald McLean 1992 p 9 Rixson 1982 pp 86 87 151 Duncan Brown 1956 1957 p 196 Anderson 1922 p 239 Munch Goss 1874 pp 68 69 McDonald RA 1997 p 57 Oram 2011 p 121 Holton 2017 p 124 124 n 14 The Annals of Tigernach 2016 1164 6 Annals of the Four Masters 2013a 1083 10 Annals of the Four Masters 2013b 1083 10 Woolf 2013 p 3 McDonald RA 2007b p 164 Annals of Tigernach 2005 1164 6 Sellar 2004 McLeod 2002 p 31 31 n 22 McDonald RA 2000 p 179 Sellar 2000 p 189 McDonald RA 1997 pp 57 58 Anderson 1922 p 254 Oram 2011 p 128 McDonald RA 2007a p 57 McDonald RA 2007b pp 54 67 68 76 85 111 113 Sellar 2004 Sellar 2000 p 189 McDonald RA 1997 pp 61 67 Duffy 1993 pp 31 45 Williams DGE 1997 p 150 Duncan Brown 1956 1957 p 197 Oram 2011 p 128 McDonald RA 2019 pp 46 48 Oram 2011 pp 128 129 McDonald RA 2007b pp 67 68 85 Anderson 1922 pp 258 259 Munch Goss 1874 pp 74 75 Oram 2011 pp 128 129 McDonald RA 2007a p 57 McDonald RA 2007b pp 67 68 85 Williams DGE 1997 p 150 Anderson 1922 pp 258 259 Munch Goss 1874 pp 74 75 McDonald RA 2007b p 85 Duffy 2004 Sellar 2004 Williams DGE 1997 pp 70 71 Williams DGE 1997 p 150 Williams DGE 1997 pp 70 71 Williams DGE 1997 pp 150 260 References editPrimary sources edit Anderson AO ed 1922 Early Sources of Scottish History A D 500 to 1286 Vol 2 London Oliver and Boyd Anderson J Hjaltalin JA Goudie G eds 1873 The Orkneyinga Saga Edinburgh Edmonston and Douglas Annals of the Four Masters Corpus of Electronic Texts 3 December 2013 ed University College Cork 2013a Retrieved 24 March 2019 Annals of the Four Masters Corpus of Electronic Texts 16 December 2013 ed University College Cork 2013b Retrieved 24 March 2019 Annals of Tigernach Corpus of Electronic Texts 13 April 2005 ed University College Cork 2005 Retrieved 24 March 2019 Cotton MS Julius A VII British Library n d Retrieved 14 March 2019 Flateyjarbok En Samling af Norske Konge Sagaer med Indskudte Mindre Fortaellinger om Begivenheder i og Udenfor Norse Same Annaler Vol 2 Oslo P T Mallings Forlagsboghandel 1862 Lawrie AC ed 1910 Annals of the Reigns of Malcolm and William Kings of Scotland A D 1153 1214 James MacLehose and Sons OL 7217114M Munch PA Goss A eds 1874 Chronica Regvm Manniae et Insvlarvm The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys Vol 1 Douglas IM Manx Society The Annals of Tigernach Corpus of Electronic Texts 8 February 2016 ed University College Cork 2016 Retrieved 24 March 2019 Vigfusson G ed 1887 Icelandic Sagas and Other Historical Documents Relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles Rerum Britannicarum Medii AEvi Scriptores Vol 1 London Her Majesty s Stationery Office OL 16401290M Secondary sources edit Abrams L 2007 Conversion and the Church in the Hebrides in the Viking Age In Smith BB Taylor S Williams G eds West Over Sea Studies in Scandinavian Sea Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300 The Northern World North Europe and the Baltic c 400 1700 AD Peoples Economics and Cultures Leiden Brill pp 169 193 ISBN 978 90 04 15893 1 ISSN 1569 1462 Barrow GWS 2006 Skye From Somerled to A D 1500 PDF In Kruse A Ross A eds Barra and Skye Two Hebridean Perspectives Edinburgh The Scottish Society for Northern Studies pp 140 154 ISBN 0 9535226 3 6 Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 28 March 2019 Beuermann I 2002 Metropolitan Ambitions and Politics Kells Mellifont and Man amp the Isles Peritia 16 419 434 doi 10 1484 J Peri 3 497 eISSN 2034 6506 ISSN 0332 1592 Beuermann I 2014 No Soil for Saints Why was There No Native Royal Martyr in Man and the Isles In Sigurdsson JV Bolton T eds Celtic Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages 800 1200 The Northern World North Europe and the Baltic c 400 1700 AD Peoples Economics and Cultures Leiden Brill pp 81 95 ISBN 978 90 04 25512 8 ISSN 1569 1462 Crawford BE 2014 The Kingdom of Man and the Earldom of Orkney Some Comparisons In Sigurdsson JV Bolton T eds Celtic Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages 800 1200 The Northern World North Europe and the Baltic c 400 1700 AD Peoples Economics and Cultures Leiden Brill pp 65 80 ISBN 978 90 04 25512 8 ISSN 1569 1462 Downham C 2013 Living on the Edge Scandinavian Dublin in the Twelfth Century No Horns on Their Helmets Essays on the Insular Viking Age Celtic Anglo Saxon and Scandinavian Studies Aberdeen Centre for Anglo Saxon Studies and The Centre for Celtic Studies University of Aberdeen pp 157 178 ISBN 978 0 9557720 1 6 ISSN 2051 6509 Duffy S 1992 Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man 1052 1171 Eriu 43 93 133 eISSN 2009 0056 ISSN 0332 0758 JSTOR 30007421 Duffy S 1993 Ireland and the Irish Sea Region 1014 1318 PhD thesis Trinity College Dublin hdl 2262 77137 Duffy S 2002 The Bruce Brothers and the Irish Sea World 1306 29 In Duffy S ed Robert the Bruce s Irish Wars The Invasions of Ireland 1306 1329 Stroud Tempus Publishing pp 45 70 ISBN 0 7524 1974 9 Duffy S 2004 Godred Crovan d 1095 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 50613 Retrieved 5 July 2011 Subscription or UK public library membership required Duffy S 2006 The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century In Duffy S ed Medieval Dublin Vol 7 Dublin Four Courts Press pp 51 65 ISBN 1 85182 974 1 Duncan AAM Brown AL 1956 1957 Argyll and the Isles in the Earlier Middle Ages PDF Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 90 192 220 doi 10 9750 PSAS 090 192 220 eISSN 2056 743X ISSN 0081 1564 S2CID 189977430 Forte A Oram RD Pedersen F 2005 Viking Empires Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 82992 2 Gade KE 1994 1236 oraekja Meiddr ok Heill Gerr PDF In Tomasson S ed Samtidarsogur The Contemporary Sagas Forprent Reykjavik Stofnun Arna Magnussona pp 194 207 Holton CT 2017 Masculine Identity in Medieval Scotland Gender Ethnicity and Regionality PhD thesis University of Guelph hdl 10214 10473 McDonald A 1995 Scoto Norse Kings and the Reformed Religious Orders Patterns of Monastic Patronage in Twelfth Century Galloway and Argyll Albion 27 2 187 219 doi 10 2307 4051525 ISSN 0095 1390 JSTOR 4051525 McDonald RA 1997 The Kingdom of the Isles Scotland s Western Seaboard c 1100 c 1336 Scottish Historical Monographs East Linton Tuckwell Press ISBN 978 1 898410 85 0 McDonald RA 2000 Rebels Without a Cause The Relations of Fergus of Galloway and Somerled of Argyll With the Scottish Kings 1153 1164 In Cowan E McDonald R eds Alba Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages East Linton Tuckwell Press pp 166 186 ISBN 1 86232 151 5 McDonald RA 2007a Dealing Death From Man Manx Sea Power in and around the Irish Sea 1079 1265 In Duffy S ed The World of the Galloglass Kings Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland 1200 1600 Dublin Four Courts Press pp 45 76 ISBN 978 1 85182 946 0 McDonald RA 2007b Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea Setting 1187 1229 King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty Dublin Four Courts Press ISBN 978 1 84682 047 2 McDonald RA 2012 The Manx Sea Kings and the Western Oceans The Late Norse Isle of Man in its North Atlantic Context 1079 1265 In Hudson B ed Studies in the Medieval Atlantic The New Middle Ages New York Palgrave Macmillan pp 143 184 doi 10 1057 9781137062390 6 ISBN 978 1 137 06239 0 McDonald RA 2016 Sea Kings Maritime Kingdoms and the Tides of Change Man and the Isles and Medieval European Change AD c1100 1265 In Barrett JH Gibbon SJ eds Maritime Societies of the Viking and Medieval World The Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph Milton Park Abingdon Routledge pp 333 349 doi 10 4324 9781315630755 ISBN 978 1 315 63075 5 ISSN 0583 9106 McDonald RA 2019 Kings Usurpers and Concubines in the Chronicles of the Kings of Man and the Isles Cham Palgrave Macmillan doi 10 1007 978 3 030 22026 6 ISBN 978 3 030 22026 6 S2CID 204624404 McDonald RA McLean SA 1992 Somerled of Argyll A New Look at Old Problems Scottish Historical Review 71 1 2 3 22 eISSN 1750 0222 ISSN 0036 9241 JSTOR 25530531 McLeod W 2002 Ri Innsi Gall Ri Fionnghall Ceannas nan Gaidheal Sovereignty and Rhetoric in the Late Medieval Hebrides Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 43 25 48 ISSN 1353 0089 Oram RD 1988 The Lordship of Galloway c 1000 to c 1250 PhD thesis University of St Andrews hdl 10023 2638 Oram RD 2000 The Lordship of Galloway Edinburgh John Donald ISBN 0 85976 541 5 Oram RD 2011 Domination and Lordship Scotland 1070 1230 The New Edinburgh History of Scotland Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press ISBN 978 0 7486 1496 7 Archived from the original on 18 June 2019 Retrieved 14 June 2019 Rixson D 1982 The West Highland Galley Edinburgh Birlinn ISBN 1 874744 86 6 Rixson D 2001 The Small Isles Canna Rum Eigg and Muck Edinburgh Birlinn ISBN 1 84158 154 2 OL 3544460M Russell P McClure P Rollason D 2007 Celtic Names In Rollason D Rollason L eds The Durham Liber Vitae Vol 2 London The British Library pp 35 42 ISBN 978 0 7123 4996 3 Scott JG 1988 The Origins of Dundrennan and Soulseat Abbeys PDF Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society 63 35 44 ISSN 0141 1292 Sellar WDH 2000 Hebridean Sea Kings The Successors of Somerled 1164 1316 In Cowan EJ McDonald RA eds Alba Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages East Linton Tuckwell Press pp 187 218 ISBN 1 86232 151 5 Sellar WDH 2004 Somerled d 1164 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 26782 Retrieved 5 July 2011 Subscription or UK public library membership required Wadden P 2014 Cath Ruis na Rig for Boinn History and Literature in Twelfth Century Ireland Aiste 4 11 44 Williams DGE 1997 Land Assessment and Military Organisation in the Norse Settlements in Scotland c 900 1266 AD PhD thesis University of St Andrews hdl 10023 7088 Williams G 2007 These People were High Born and Thought Well of Themselves The Family of Moddan of Dale In Smith BB Taylor S Williams G eds West Over Sea Studies in Scandinavian Sea Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300 The Northern World North Europe and the Baltic c 400 1700 AD Peoples Economics and Cultures Leiden Brill pp 129 152 ISBN 978 90 04 15893 1 ISSN 1569 1462 Woolf A 2004 The Age of Sea Kings 900 1300 In Omand D ed The Argyll Book Edinburgh Birlinn pp 94 109 ISBN 1 84158 253 0 Woolf A 2007a A Dead Man at Ballyshannon In Duffy S ed The World of the Galloglass Kings Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland 1200 1600 Dublin Four Courts Press pp 77 85 ISBN 978 1 85182 946 0 Woolf A 2007b The Wood Beyond the World Jamtland and the Norwegian Kings In Smith BB Taylor S Williams G eds West Over Sea Studies in Scandinavian Sea Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300 The Northern World North Europe and the Baltic c 400 1700 AD Peoples Economics and Cultures Leiden Brill pp 153 166 ISBN 978 90 04 15893 1 ISSN 1569 1462 Woolf A 2013 The Song of the Death of Somerled and the Destruction of Glasgow in 1153 Journal of the Sydney Society for Scottish History 14 1 11 Rǫgnvaldr olafssonCrovan dynastyRegnal titlesPreceded byDubgall mac Somairle1Somairle mac Gilla Brigte1 King of the Isles1164 Succeeded byGudrodr olafssonNotes and references1 Either Somairle or Dubgall gained the kingship from Gudrodr in 1156 Whilst it is possible that Dubgall was the nominal monarch it is evident that the real power was possessed by Somairle and Irish sources certainly regarded the latter as king later in his career It is unknown if Dubgall held royal power after his father perished in 1164 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rǫgnvaldr olafsson fl 1164 amp oldid 1160298426, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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