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Vithkuq

December 07, 2023

Not to be confused with Vithkuqi script.

Vithkuq (Albanian pronunciation: [viθˈkuc]) is a village and a former municipality in the Korçë County, southeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Korçë.[1] The population at the 2011 census was 1,519.[2] The municipal unit consists of the villages Vithkuq, Leshnje, Gjanc, Lubonjë, Rehovë, Roshanj, Trebickë, Grabockë, Treskë, Stratobërdh, Panarit, Shtyllë and Cemericë.[3]

Vithkuq
Municipal unit
Vithkuq
Coordinates: 40°31′N 20°35′E / 40.517°N 20.583°E / 40.517; 20.583
Country Albania
CountyKorçë
MunicipalityKorçë
Population
 (2011)
 • Municipal unit
1,519
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal Code
7025
Area Code(0)864

The village gave its name to a particular Albanian alphabetic script, the Vithkuqi script.[4]

History edit

The history of Vithkuqi is known immediately after the fall of Constantinople, although other data about the village existed also before that event. The first reference about this settlement dates back to the Byzantine period. According to the tradition the first church in Vithkuqi, dedicated to St. Athanasios, dates from the year 1162. An account of the teacher from Moschopolis, Skenderis, which reports that Vithkuq was built before Moschopolis, implies a construction before the year 1330. Efthim K Mitko recorded on a 19th century report about Korça for the French consul of Thessaloniki that Vithkuq had 8 thousand inhabitants at the time of the fall of Constantinople.[5]

Vithkuq was one of the seven villages located in the Korçë area that the Ottoman Albanian lord Ilias Bey Mirahori received in 1484 from the Sultan Bayezid II, as a reward for being the first equerry and conqueror of Psamathia in the Ottoman capture of Constantinople.[6] Vithkuq along with Leshja were accorded to Ilias Bey as mülk (land tenure). However he met difficulties while collecting the incomes and after twelve years these villages turned into their earlier status of timars.[6] Being subjected to the Kaza of Korça, the villages of Episkopi, Boboshtica, Leshnja and Vithkuq were used in 1505 as sources of income on behalf of the five institutions of Ilias Bey's vakfa.[7]

During the 17th-18th centuries Vithkuq became a local center of culture and trade, being on a strategic location on the Berat-Korçë road. In 1724[8] the residents of Vithkuq sponsored the foundation of the first Greek school in Korçë.[9] In the eighteenth century, Vithkuq was inhabited by Orthodox Albanians and by smaller numbers of Aromanians (Vlachs).[10]

From the end of 18th century, various factors turned Vithkuq into a small mountain village. By the late eighteenth century socio-political and economic crises alongside nominal Ottoman government control resulted in local banditry and Muslim Albanian bands raided Greek, Aromanian and Orthodox Albanian settlements located today within and outside contemporary Albania.[11][12][13][10][14] Vithkuq, mainly an Orthodox Albanian centre that had Greek literary, educational and religious culture was destroyed in addition to other settlements in the region.[11][15][13][10][14] Those events pushed some Orthodox Albanians and Aromanians from Vithkuq to migrate afar to places such as Macedonia, Thrace and so on.[14][16][15][13][17][10]

In 1792, Vithkuq was composed of the following neighborhoods: Borisha, Tataçi (of the Tatars), Llas, Qyrsa, Syrbashi, Krekasi (of the Greeks), Palasi, Kolaqerkasi, Kovaçasi, Saraçi, Rusasi (of the Russians), Dukasi, Dukates, Boris.[18][19] Vithkuq hosts several churches and monasteries that were built during its period of prosperity.[20][21][22]

In 1936, in Vithkuq was constructed the first hydroelectric plant of Albania.[23]

 
Panorama of Interior of the Church of Archangel Michael

World War II edit

On August 15, 1943, during World War II, the first storm brigade of the Albanian National Liberation Army was formed near Vithkuq under the command of Mehmet Shehu. Around 800 partisans took part in the following parade, which was attended by important members of the Albanian Communist party like Enver Hoxha and Mehmet Shehu.[24]

Contemporary times edit

In contemporary times Vithkuq is inhabited by Orthodox Albanians and an Aromanian population who were previously pastoral nomads that settled there after the settlement was abandoned by its earlier inhabitants.[10] as well as Muslim Albanians who have settled in it during communist times.[11] Vithkuq, known in Albania as being a traditionally Christian settlement is neighbours with various Muslim and Christian Albanian villages that surround it, although the latter have become "demographically depressed", due to migration.[11] During the communist period some Muslim Albanians from surrounding villages settled in Vithkuq making locals view the village population as mixed (i përzier) and lamenting the decline of the Christian element.[11][clarification needed]

Notable people edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Law nr. 115/2014" (PDF) (in Albanian). pp. 6372–6373. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  2. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
  3. ^ Greece – Albania Neighbourhood Programme March 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Everson 2020, p. 3
  5. ^ Rembeci & Cunga 2019, p. 105.
  6. ^ a b Rembeci & Cunga 2019, pp. 105–106.
  7. ^ Rembeci & Cunga 2019, p. 106.
  8. ^ Basil Kondis. The Greeks of Northern Epirus and Greek-Albanian relations. Hestia, 1995, p. 9: ""The first school of the Hellenic type in Korytsa opened in 1724"
  9. ^ Καγιά, Έβις (2006). Το Ζήτημα της Εκπαίδευσης στην Ελληνική Μειονότητα και οι Δίγλωσσοι Μετανάστες Μαθητές στα Ελληνικά Ιδιωτκά Σχολεία στην Αλβανία (in Greek). University of Thessaloniki. p. 118. Retrieved 6 February 2013. Η Κορυτσά διατηρεί από το 1724 ελληνικό σχολείο, (Lafe,1981) στο οποίο συνεισέφεραν και οι κάτοικοι του Βυθικουκίου.
  10. ^ a b c d e Koukoudis, Asterios (2003). The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora. Thessaloniki: Zitros Publications. pp. 321–322. ISBN 9789607760869.."Particularly interesting is the case of Vithkuq, south of Moschopolis, which seems to have shared closely in the town's evolution, though it is far from clear whether it was inhabited by Vlachs in the glory days before 1769. It may well have had Vlach inhabitants before 1769, though the Arvanites were certainly far more numerous, if not the largest population group. This is further supported by the linguistic identity of the refugees who fled Vithkuq and accompanied the waves of departing Vlachs. Today it is inhabited by Arvanites and Vlachs, though the forebears of the modern Vlach residents arrived after the village had been abandoned by its previous inhabitants and are mainly of Arvanitovlach descent. They are former pastoral nomads who settled permanently in Vithkuq."
  11. ^ a b c d e De Rapper, Gilles (2010). "Religion on the border: sanctuaries and festivals in post-communist Albania". HAL Open Science. p. 3. The three villages are known as Christians villages where Muslims have recently settled, especially during communist times, so that today their population is said to be 'mixed' (i përzier). They are also surrounded by Muslim villages, or by demographically depressed Christian villages; in other words, from the Christian point of view, the villages and their surroundings have lost a part of their Christian character. In the case of Voskopojë and Vithkuq, this loss is told in a more dramatic mode: both villages are known to have been prosperous Christian cities in the 18th century, before they were plundered and destroyed during repeated attacks by local Muslims.
  12. ^ Anscombe, Frederick (2006). "Albanians and "mountain bandits"". In Anscombe, Frederick (ed.). . Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 88. ISBN 9781558763838. Archived from the original on 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2016-01-08.
  13. ^ a b c Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1976). Migrations and invasions in Greece and adjacent areas. Park Ridge: Noyes Press. p. 62. ISBN 9780815550471.
  14. ^ a b c Jorgaqi, Nasho (2005). Jeta e Fan S. Nolit: Vëllimi 1. 1882–1924 [The life of Fan S. Noli: Volume 1. 1882–1924]. Tiranë: Ombra GVG. pp. 38–39. ISBN 9789994384303.
  15. ^ a b Koti, Dhori (2010). Monografi për Vithkuqin dhe Naum Veqilharxhin [A monograph of Vithkuq and Naum Veqilharxhi]. Pogradec: DIJA Poradeci. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-99956-826-8-2.
  16. ^ Ramet, Sabrina (1998). Nihil obstat: religion, politics, and social change in East-Central Europe and Russia. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 203. ISBN 9780822320708.
  17. ^ Winnifrith, Tom (2002). Badlands-borderlands: a history of Northern Epirus/Southern Albania. London: Duckworth. p. 109. ISBN 9780715632017."Of these Vithkuq... All these villages have a Vlach element in their population, and it is Vlach tradition that they were large and important... This culture was of course Greek culture..."
  18. ^ Petraq Pepo (ed.): Materiale dokumentare për Shqipërinë juglindore. Tiranë, 1981.
  19. ^ "KE5/29 - Mbi lagjet e Vithkuqit të dikurshëm".
  20. ^ Kirchhainer, Karin (2003). "Das Ossuarium des Petrus- und Paulus- Kloster in Vithkuq (Nordepirus) und seine Freskendekoration (1750)" (PDF). Makedonika (in German). 34 (4): 149–208. doi:10.12681/makedonika.872. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
  21. ^ Rousseva R. Iconographic characteristics of the churches in Moschopolis and Vithkuqi (Albania), Makedonika, 2006, v. 35, pp. 163-191. In English and Greek, with photographs of icons and inscriptions.
  22. ^ Konstantinos, Giakoumis (2002). The monasteries of Jorgucat and Vanishte in Dropull and of Spelaio in Lunxheri as monuments and institutions during the Ottoman period in Albania (16th-19th centuries) (PhD thesis). University of Birmingham. p. 181. Retrieved 8 July 2018. Vithkuq is one of the most prominent of the cities inhabited by Vlachs... The city was spread over a large number of quarters, with names as Dukates, Boris, 'of the Greeks', 'of the Tatars', `of the Russians', etc. Fourteen churches in the city have been cited.
  23. ^ Elsie, Robert (2012). Historical Dictionary of Albania. Plymouth, United Kingdom: Scarecrow Press. p. 128. ISBN 9780810861886. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  24. ^ Pearson, Owen (2006). Albania in Occupation and War: From Fascism to Communism 1940-1945. I.B.Tauris. pp. 266–7. ISBN 1-84511-104-4.

Bibliography edit

  • Everson, Michael (2020), Proposal for encoding the Vithkuqi script in the SMP of the UCS (PDF), University of California, Berkeley
  • Rembeci, Andi; Cunga, Sokol (2019). "Vithkuq of Moschopolis: the cradle of the early inhabitants of Kozani, according to oral tradition". In Hariton Karanasios; Vasiliki Diafa-Kampouridou (eds.). Η Κοζάνη και η περιοχή της από τους Βυζαντινούς στους Νεότερους Χρόνους [Kozani and its area from the Byzantines to the Modern Times]. Kozani: Εταιρεία Δυτικομακεδονικών Μελετών [Society for Western Macedonian Studies]. pp. 103–132.

Further reading edit

  • Kurtiqi, Gjikë. Vithkuqi i 24 Kishave dhe 100 Krojeve, Libri i Parë, Tirana 2008.
  • Kurtiqi, Gjikë. Vithkuqi: Larg dhe Afër, Libri i Dytë, Tirana 2009.

December 07, 2023
vithkuq, confused, with, script, albanian, pronunciation, viθˈkuc, village, former, municipality, korçë, county, southeastern, albania, 2015, local, government, reform, became, subdivision, municipality, korçë, population, 2011, census, municipal, unit, consis. Not to be confused with Vithkuqi script Vithkuq Albanian pronunciation vi8ˈkuc is a village and a former municipality in the Korce County southeastern Albania At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Korce 1 The population at the 2011 census was 1 519 2 The municipal unit consists of the villages Vithkuq Leshnje Gjanc Lubonje Rehove Roshanj Trebicke Grabocke Treske Stratoberdh Panarit Shtylle and Cemerice 3 VithkuqMunicipal unitVithkuqCoordinates 40 31 N 20 35 E 40 517 N 20 583 E 40 517 20 583Country AlbaniaCountyKorceMunicipalityKorcePopulation 2011 Municipal unit1 519Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal Code7025Area Code 0 864The village gave its name to a particular Albanian alphabetic script the Vithkuqi script 4 Contents 1 History 1 1 World War II 1 2 Contemporary times 2 Notable people 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 Further readingHistory editThe history of Vithkuqi is known immediately after the fall of Constantinople although other data about the village existed also before that event The first reference about this settlement dates back to the Byzantine period According to the tradition the first church in Vithkuqi dedicated to St Athanasios dates from the year 1162 An account of the teacher from Moschopolis Skenderis which reports that Vithkuq was built before Moschopolis implies a construction before the year 1330 Efthim K Mitko recorded on a 19th century report about Korca for the French consul of Thessaloniki that Vithkuq had 8 thousand inhabitants at the time of the fall of Constantinople 5 Vithkuq was one of the seven villages located in the Korce area that the Ottoman Albanian lord Ilias Bey Mirahori received in 1484 from the Sultan Bayezid II as a reward for being the first equerry and conqueror of Psamathia in the Ottoman capture of Constantinople 6 Vithkuq along with Leshja were accorded to Ilias Bey as mulk land tenure However he met difficulties while collecting the incomes and after twelve years these villages turned into their earlier status of timars 6 Being subjected to the Kaza of Korca the villages of Episkopi Boboshtica Leshnja and Vithkuq were used in 1505 as sources of income on behalf of the five institutions of Ilias Bey s vakfa 7 During the 17th 18th centuries Vithkuq became a local center of culture and trade being on a strategic location on the Berat Korce road In 1724 8 the residents of Vithkuq sponsored the foundation of the first Greek school in Korce 9 In the eighteenth century Vithkuq was inhabited by Orthodox Albanians and by smaller numbers of Aromanians Vlachs 10 From the end of 18th century various factors turned Vithkuq into a small mountain village By the late eighteenth century socio political and economic crises alongside nominal Ottoman government control resulted in local banditry and Muslim Albanian bands raided Greek Aromanian and Orthodox Albanian settlements located today within and outside contemporary Albania 11 12 13 10 14 Vithkuq mainly an Orthodox Albanian centre that had Greek literary educational and religious culture was destroyed in addition to other settlements in the region 11 15 13 10 14 Those events pushed some Orthodox Albanians and Aromanians from Vithkuq to migrate afar to places such as Macedonia Thrace and so on 14 16 15 13 17 10 In 1792 Vithkuq was composed of the following neighborhoods Borisha Tataci of the Tatars Llas Qyrsa Syrbashi Krekasi of the Greeks Palasi Kolaqerkasi Kovacasi Saraci Rusasi of the Russians Dukasi Dukates Boris 18 19 Vithkuq hosts several churches and monasteries that were built during its period of prosperity 20 21 22 In 1936 in Vithkuq was constructed the first hydroelectric plant of Albania 23 nbsp Panorama of Interior of the Church of Archangel Michael World War II edit On August 15 1943 during World War II the first storm brigade of the Albanian National Liberation Army was formed near Vithkuq under the command of Mehmet Shehu Around 800 partisans took part in the following parade which was attended by important members of the Albanian Communist party like Enver Hoxha and Mehmet Shehu 24 Contemporary times edit In contemporary times Vithkuq is inhabited by Orthodox Albanians and an Aromanian population who were previously pastoral nomads that settled there after the settlement was abandoned by its earlier inhabitants 10 as well as Muslim Albanians who have settled in it during communist times 11 Vithkuq known in Albania as being a traditionally Christian settlement is neighbours with various Muslim and Christian Albanian villages that surround it although the latter have become demographically depressed due to migration 11 During the communist period some Muslim Albanians from surrounding villages settled in Vithkuq making locals view the village population as mixed i perzier and lamenting the decline of the Christian element 11 clarification needed Notable people editSpiro Dine rilindas and writer Naum Veqilharxhi rilindas lawyer and writer He named the Albanian script he invented after Vithkuq Jan Evstrat Vithkuqari scholar and writer Saint Nicodemus of Elbasan Orthodox New Martyr Ligor Buzi Fascist leader and journalist from the village of LubonjeReferences edit Law nr 115 2014 PDF in Albanian pp 6372 6373 Retrieved 25 February 2022 2011 census results PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2015 09 24 Retrieved 2017 07 30 Greece Albania Neighbourhood Programme Archived March 27 2012 at the Wayback Machine Everson 2020 p 3 Rembeci amp Cunga 2019 p 105 a b Rembeci amp Cunga 2019 pp 105 106 Rembeci amp Cunga 2019 p 106 Basil Kondis The Greeks of Northern Epirus and Greek Albanian relations Hestia 1995 p 9 The first school of the Hellenic type in Korytsa opened in 1724 Kagia Ebis 2006 To Zhthma ths Ekpaideyshs sthn Ellhnikh Meionothta kai oi Diglwssoi Metanastes Ma8htes sta Ellhnika Idiwtka Sxoleia sthn Albania in Greek University of Thessaloniki p 118 Retrieved 6 February 2013 H Korytsa diathrei apo to 1724 ellhniko sxoleio Lafe 1981 sto opoio syneiseferan kai oi katoikoi toy By8ikoykioy a b c d e Koukoudis Asterios 2003 The Vlachs Metropolis and Diaspora Thessaloniki Zitros Publications pp 321 322 ISBN 9789607760869 Particularly interesting is the case of Vithkuq south of Moschopolis which seems to have shared closely in the town s evolution though it is far from clear whether it was inhabited by Vlachs in the glory days before 1769 It may well have had Vlach inhabitants before 1769 though the Arvanites were certainly far more numerous if not the largest population group This is further supported by the linguistic identity of the refugees who fled Vithkuq and accompanied the waves of departing Vlachs Today it is inhabited by Arvanites and Vlachs though the forebears of the modern Vlach residents arrived after the village had been abandoned by its previous inhabitants and are mainly of Arvanitovlach descent They are former pastoral nomads who settled permanently in Vithkuq a b c d e De Rapper Gilles 2010 Religion on the border sanctuaries and festivals in post communist Albania HAL Open Science p 3 The three villages are known as Christians villages where Muslims have recently settled especially during communist times so that today their population is said to be mixed i perzier They are also surrounded by Muslim villages or by demographically depressed Christian villages in other words from the Christian point of view the villages and their surroundings have lost a part of their Christian character In the case of Voskopoje and Vithkuq this loss is told in a more dramatic mode both villages are known to have been prosperous Christian cities in the 18th century before they were plundered and destroyed during repeated attacks by local Muslims Anscombe Frederick 2006 Albanians and mountain bandits In Anscombe Frederick ed The Ottoman Balkans 1750 1830 Princeton Markus Wiener Publishers p 88 ISBN 9781558763838 Archived from the original on 2016 01 25 Retrieved 2016 01 08 a b c Hammond Nicholas Geoffrey Lempriere 1976 Migrations and invasions in Greece and adjacent areas Park Ridge Noyes Press p 62 ISBN 9780815550471 a b c Jorgaqi Nasho 2005 Jeta e Fan S Nolit Vellimi 1 1882 1924 The life of Fan S Noli Volume 1 1882 1924 Tirane Ombra GVG pp 38 39 ISBN 9789994384303 a b Koti Dhori 2010 Monografi per Vithkuqin dhe Naum Veqilharxhin A monograph of Vithkuq and Naum Veqilharxhi Pogradec DIJA Poradeci pp 16 17 ISBN 978 99956 826 8 2 Ramet Sabrina 1998 Nihil obstat religion politics and social change in East Central Europe and Russia Durham Duke University Press p 203 ISBN 9780822320708 Winnifrith Tom 2002 Badlands borderlands a history of Northern Epirus Southern Albania London Duckworth p 109 ISBN 9780715632017 Of these Vithkuq All these villages have a Vlach element in their population and it is Vlach tradition that they were large and important This culture was of course Greek culture Petraq Pepo ed Materiale dokumentare per Shqiperine juglindore Tirane 1981 KE5 29 Mbi lagjet e Vithkuqit te dikurshem Kirchhainer Karin 2003 Das Ossuarium des Petrus und Paulus Kloster in Vithkuq Nordepirus und seine Freskendekoration 1750 PDF Makedonika in German 34 4 149 208 doi 10 12681 makedonika 872 Retrieved 2010 07 04 Rousseva R Iconographic characteristics of the churches in Moschopolis and Vithkuqi Albania Makedonika 2006 v 35 pp 163 191 In English and Greek with photographs of icons and inscriptions Konstantinos Giakoumis 2002 The monasteries of Jorgucat and Vanishte in Dropull and of Spelaio in Lunxheri as monuments and institutions during the Ottoman period in Albania 16th 19th centuries PhD thesis University of Birmingham p 181 Retrieved 8 July 2018 Vithkuq is one of the most prominent of the cities inhabited by Vlachs The city was spread over a large number of quarters with names as Dukates Boris of the Greeks of the Tatars of the Russians etc Fourteen churches in the city have been cited Elsie Robert 2012 Historical Dictionary of Albania Plymouth United Kingdom Scarecrow Press p 128 ISBN 9780810861886 Retrieved 2017 11 15 Pearson Owen 2006 Albania in Occupation and War From Fascism to Communism 1940 1945 I B Tauris pp 266 7 ISBN 1 84511 104 4 Bibliography editEverson Michael 2020 Proposal for encoding the Vithkuqi script in the SMP of the UCS PDF University of California Berkeley Rembeci Andi Cunga Sokol 2019 Vithkuq of Moschopolis the cradle of the early inhabitants of Kozani according to oral tradition In Hariton Karanasios Vasiliki Diafa Kampouridou eds H Kozanh kai h perioxh ths apo toys Byzantinoys stoys Neoteroys Xronoys Kozani and its area from the Byzantines to the Modern Times Kozani Etaireia Dytikomakedonikwn Meletwn Society for Western Macedonian Studies pp 103 132 Further reading editKurtiqi Gjike Vithkuqi i 24 Kishave dhe 100 Krojeve Libri i Pare Tirana 2008 Kurtiqi Gjike Vithkuqi Larg dhe Afer Libri i Dyte Tirana 2009 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vithkuq amp oldid 1178198746, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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