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Rumyantsev Museum

August 21, 2023

The Rumyantsev Museum[a] evolved from the personal library and historical collection of Count Nikolay Rumyantsev (1754–1826). Its origin was in St. Petersburg in the Rumyantsev house or mansion, building number 44 on the English Embankment overlooking river Neva. After Nikolay died in 1826, his brother Sergei converted the house into a museum. It was opened to the general public in 1831, initially for one day a week, and the remaining days were for study.

Rumyantsev Museum
Румянцевский музей
Rumyantsev house (44) is centermost, located on the English Embankment in St. Petersburg. It now houses a branch of the State Museum of the History of Saint Petersburg.
Established1828; 195 years ago (1828)
Opened in 1831
Dissolved1924 (1924)
Location

Maintenance difficulties were among the reasons for the shift of Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow, despite it being affiliated to the Public Library in Saint Petersburg since 1845. In 1862, Nikolay's collection was combined with others, including paintings from the Hermitage Museum, and renamed the Moscow Public Museum and Rumyantsev Museum. By 1917 there would be four name changes and the collection grew to 1.5 million items. This increased to 2.7 million in the next three years following an expropriation and nationalisation campaign. A number of notable people used the library such as Dmitri Mendeleev, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy.

In 1921 the museum and library were administratively and formally separated. A second deposit copy was permitted. In 1924, weeks after the death of Lenin, despite there being some contenders for Lenin's legacy such as the Public Library in Saint Petersburg, Rumyantsev Museum was reorganized as the Lenin Library. The Rumyantsev library became a part of the Lenin Library while other holdings were dissolved among the Tretyakov Gallery, Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Museum of Oriental Art among others. The Lenin Library would go on to become the Russian State Library in 1992.

History

St. Petersburg (1828–1861)

 
Interactive map with outline of building 44

On the death of Count Nikolay Rumyantsev in 1826 his brother Count Sergei Rumyantsev [ru] inherited his property.[4] Sergei knew that his brother Nikolay had wanted his personal art and book collection to be accessible to society.[4] For this he decided to use the Rumyantsev house or mansion [ru],[4] located on the English Embankment in St. Petersburg,[5][6] where Nikolay's collections were already stored.[7] The Rumyantsev Museum was established in 1828.[5] A decree was signed on 22 March 1828 regarding its establishment.[4] The collection was gifted to the government.[8] It was opened to the general public in 1831; initially one day a week for the general public and the remaining days for scholars.[9][10]

The museum's collections, evolving from Count Nikolay Rumyantsev's own,[2][11] included books and manuscripts,[12] art, coins,[4] medals,[13] items from Russian voyages and circumnavigations,[14] and from places such as the Museum of Antiquities in Vilnius.[15] The collection of valuable books totaled to about 29,000 while other items numbered in the hundreds.[16][17][better source needed] The library included books from between the twelfth and nineteenth centuries.[18] In his lifetime Rumyantsev had funded expeditions and excavations across the world.[19] He also personally sent people across Russia to find books.[20] Employees including a librarian and bibliographer helped Rumyantsev amass his collection.[20] Assistant's included Friedrich von Adelung who was known for collecting foreign reports on Russia.[21] Collaborators included Alexander Vostokov and Eugene Bolkhovitinov.[11] Students of history such as Nikolay Karamzin used these historical resources.[11]

 
Pedimental sculpture by Ivan Martos inspired by mythology connected with Mount Parnassus, Apollo and Mnemosyne[22]

An architect was involved in the conversion of the house(s) into a museum.[22] It was at this stage in the mid-1830s when 12 columns were added to the front built up from the first floor.[22] A pediment was added with sculpting by Ivan Martos.[22] The sculpting on the pediment is inspired by mythology connected with Mount Parnassus, Apollo-Musagets, Mnemosyne and the Muses, a shout-out to the buildings' purpose as a museum as well as a reference to Rumyantsev.[23] At a later date the pediment was engraved with the words of Nikolay, "for (the) good (of) enlightenment",[b] also translated as "for the benefit of education",[27] with the entire engraving reading as, "From the State Chancellor Count Rumyantsev for the good enlightenment" (Russian: ОТb ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО КАНЦЛЕРА ГРАФА РУМЯНЦЕВА НА БЛАГОЕ ПРОСВЕЩЕ).[16][28]

Since 1845 the Rumyantsev Museum was affiliated with the Imperial Public Library in St. Petersburg.[29] Dmitry Buturlin, the director of the Imperial Public Library, was the museum director.[16] Vladimir Odoevsky was actively associated with the library for about 15 years and during its shift to Moscow, continued as the library director.[29][30] During the last few years of the museums' life in St. Petersburg the maintenance of the library proved difficult.[31]

In 1863 the Rumyantsev house was sold to the editor of a newspaper.[32] Further changes were made to the house by successive owners.[33] 1930s onwards the house was used by the Museum of the History of Leningrad, now the State Museum of the History of Saint Petersburg.[34][17]

Moscow (1862–1924)

 
Pashkov House, 19th-century postcard

In May 1861 under the vision and advice of Nikolai Vasilyevich Isakov [ru] and his predecessor a decree for the "first public museum in Moscow" was framed and during the following year approved by Alexander II of Russia, then the emperor.[5] The contents of the Rumyantsev Museum in St. Petersburg was shifted to Moscow and combined with other items including those from the Moscow University.[5] Pictures were transferred from the Hermitage Museum.[35] There had been certain discontentment among sections of society in St. Petersburg related to the shift of the library to Moscow.[31]

 
The Appearance of Christ Before the People at the Alexander Ivanov Hall of the Rumyantsev Museum, Moscow, 1881[36]

The official founding date of the Moscow Public Museum and Rumyantsev Museum (MPRM) is 19 June 1862 when the regulations related to it were passed.[37] While some collections such as the zoological collection were transferred to Moscow University, the Rumyantsev Museum, at the turn of the century, had a library and departments for antiquities, paintings, and ethnography among others.[38][8] Katia Dianina of the department of Slavic Languages and Literatures of the University of Virginia writes that the shift of the museum to Moscow and its opening was the beginning of the city's "cultural renaissance".[39]

 
From the collections of Soldatyonkov, Ivanov's "Priam asks Achilles to return Hector's body" found its way into the museum collections in 1901.[36]

The museum has undergone a number of changes in name,[12][40][41]

Date Name; additional information
St. Petersburg
1828–1861 Rumyantsev Museum
Moscow
1862–1869 Moscow Public Museum and Rumyantsev Museum[12]
1869–1913 Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museum[12]
1913–1917 Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum[12]
1917–1924 State Rumyantsev Museum;[12] State Rumyantsev Library administratively separated in 1921[42]
State Rumyantsev Museum merged and dissolved
1924–1925 V. I. Lenin Russian Public Library; also known as Lenin Library or Leninka[43]
1925–1992 V. I. Lenin State Library of the USSR[44]
1992–present Russian State Library[43]
Variations and other names include the Emperor Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum (1913–18); Rumyantsev State Museum and Library (1918–21); All-Russian Public Library (1924–25).[45] See Grimsted (ed., 2000).[46]
 
Rembrandt's painting Ahasuerus and Haman was one of the museum's highlights.

Its collection included paintings from the Old Masters and some more recent artists.[9] Fyodor Pryanishnikov's collection was part of the museum.[35] Leonid Pasternak's painting of Tolstoy was hung there.[47] Pavel Tretyakov gave the museum Vladimir Borovikovsky's "Portrait of Amvrosy Podobedov".[35] In 1862 the Ahasuerus and Haman at the Feast of Esther was given to the museum.[48] The collection included the Archangel Gospel.[49] Ivan Tsvetaev was a curator until he went on to found the Pushkin Museum in 1912.[19]

In 1915 a new gallery opened with different floors holding Italian, French, Dutch and Russian works. There was also a section for Japanese and Chinese art.[36] In 1900 the first dedicated space within the Pashkov House was created for the work of Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov and would remain the only named hall, the Ivanov Hall, of the museum library.[36] In December 1921 the museum and library were administratively separated.[42] The library was given the name "State Rumiantsev Library".[42] A second deposit copy was permitted.[50]

 
The Angel with Golden Hair, a 12th-century icon from Rumyantsev's collection. It is among the oldest Russian icons.

Dmitri Mendeleev, Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy used the library.[51][52] Sophia Tolstaya visited the library a number of times, including visits related to her husband Leo.[53][54] Lenin also used and interacted with the library.[55][56] Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, without the means to enroll in formal education during the period of 1873–1876 in Moscow, used the library's scientific literature during those three years.[57][58] By 1917, the collection included 1.5 million items.[8] This almost doubled to 2.7 million by 1920 following an expropriation and nationalisation campaign.[59]

Lenin died on 21 January 1924.[60] His name carried weight and to name an institution after him was an incentive for ensuring state funding in a difficult period.[60] Despite the presence of contenders for Lenin's legacy, for example the Public Library in Saint Petersburg, on 5 February 1924 it was communicated that the Rumyantsev museum library would be renamed after Lenin and in the coming months it was made a national library.[61][12] This change in name and designation also allowed for the highlighting of the working conditions in the library, including the health of the staff, one-fourth who had tuberculosis.[62] The first director of the Lenin Library or Leninka (as the V. I. Lenin Russian Public Library was popularly known as) was Vladimir Nevsky.[63]

The museum's collection of manuscripts and incunabula was reorganized as the Lenin Library;[64][65] its holdings of Russian art went to the Tretyakov Gallery;[66] the collection of old masters formed the nucleus of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts;[67] this included The Appearance of Christ Before the People;[19] collections went to the State Museum of Oriental Art;[68] the Dashkov Museum[69] (and Department of Foreign Ethnography[14]) was incorporated into the Museum of the Peoples of the USSR.

References

Notes
  1. ^ Also spelt Rumiantsev[1][2][3]
  2. ^ "Good of enlightenment"[16][24] as compared to "good enlightenment".[25][26] See machine translations of the engraving by Deepl, Google and Yandex translate tools.
Citations
  1. ^ . www.gpntb.ru. LibWeb - Participants. Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology. Archived from the original on 13 March 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ^ a b Cannon, Angela (9 March 2022). "Origins of the Russian Collection at the Library of Congress (1800-1906) (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)". www.loc.gov. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  3. ^ Stuart 1994, p. 233-258.
  4. ^ a b c d e Briskman 2019, p. 505.
  5. ^ a b c d Slepkova, Nadezhda V.; Yusupova, Tatiana I. (2018). "The Zoological Museum of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, 1860s–1910: From an academic institute to a public museum". Centaurus. Wiley. 60 (4): 300. doi:10.1111/1600-0498.12193. ISSN 0008-8994. S2CID 202939235.
  6. ^ "186 years ago: Russia's first private museum opened in St. Petersburg". Russia Beyond. 23 November 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  7. ^ Solovjeva 1998, p. 134.
  8. ^ a b c Stuart 1994, p. 236.
  9. ^ a b Gray, Rosalind P. (2000). Russian Genre Painting in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford Historical Monographs. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. p. 39. ISBN 9780198208754. In 1831 the collection opened to the public on Mondays, with Sergei's stipulations limiting access to those of good background ... It admitted those wishing to study during the rest of the week.
  10. ^ "Румянцевский музей". slovari.yandex.ru. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  11. ^ a b c Mazour 1975, p. 27.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g "Rumyantsev Museum. (1862–1924)". germanprints.ru. The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  13. ^ Semenova, Natalya; Delocque, André (2018). The Collector: The Story of Sergei Shchukin and His Lost Masterpieces. Yale University Press. pp. 84, 85. ISBN 978-0-300-24107-5.
  14. ^ a b Balakhonova, Ekaterina I.; Govor, Elena V. (2018). "Old Polynesian tapa in ethnographical collections of the Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology of Moscow University". Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia) (2/2018): 103–120. doi:10.32521/2074-8132.2018.2.103-120. S2CID 165552157.
  15. ^ Keršytė, Nastazija (2011). "The Issue of the Recovery of the Collections of the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities". Knygotyra. 56: 33–54. doi:10.15388/kn.v56i0.1512. ISSN 0204-2061.
  16. ^ a b c d Solovjeva 1998, p. 137.
  17. ^ a b FitzLyon, Kyril; Zinovieff, Kyril; Hughes, Jenny (2003). The Companion Guide to St Petersburg. Companion Guides. ISBN 978-1-900639-40-8 – via Google Books.
  18. ^ "Н.П.Румянцев и Румянцевский музей" [NP Rumyantsev and Rumyantsev Museum]. museum.ru. Российская сеть культурного наследия. from the original on 22 June 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
  19. ^ a b c Brooke, Caroline (2006). Moscow: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-19-530951-5.
  20. ^ a b Solovjeva 1998, p. 133.
  21. ^ Loewenson, Leo (1936). "Russian Documents in the British Museum (I)". The Slavonic and East European Review. 14 (41): 380–388. ISSN 0037-6795. JSTOR 4203127.
  22. ^ a b c d Solovjeva 1998, p. 129.
  23. ^ Solovjeva 1998, p. 129-130.
  24. ^ Soderstrom, Mark A. (2011). Enlightening the Land of Midnight: Peter Slovtsov, Ivan Kalashnikov, and the Saga of Russian Siberia (Thesis). Ohio State University. p. 302. "the museum of the famous chancellor [Rumiantsev] for the good of enlightenment; take" (Referenced to IRLI)
  25. ^ "Rumyantsev Mansion in Saint Petersburg Russia". Anna Gaplichnaya. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  26. ^ Komissarov, V. V; Soloviev, A. A. (2021). "«На пользу отечеству и благое просвещение»: Библиотечная интеллигенция и война" ["For the Benefit of the Fatherland and Good Enlightenment": Library Intelligentsia and the War]. Интеллигенция и мир (in Russian). Ивановский государственный университет (4): 142–149. doi:10.46725/IW.2021.4.8. ISSN 1993-3959. S2CID 245529890 – via ceeol.com.
  27. ^ "History". State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  28. ^ Briskman 2019, p. 506-507.
  29. ^ a b Briskman 2019, pp. 505–506.
  30. ^ "Prince Vladimir Feodorovich Odoyevsky". www.mosconsv.ru. Moscow Conservatory. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  31. ^ a b Briskman 2019, p. 506.
  32. ^ Solovjeva 1998, p. 138.
  33. ^ Solovjeva 1998, p. 138-140.
  34. ^ Solovjeva 1998, p. 144.
  35. ^ a b c Shergina, Zoya (2011). No. 2. "Pavel Tretyakov: The Collector's Library". The Tretyakov Gallery Magazine (31). ISSN 1729-7621.
  36. ^ a b c d Ivanova, E. A.; Ermakova, M. E. (2017). "Ivanovsky Hall in the History of the Rumyantsev Museum and the Russian State Library". Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science]. 66 (5): 567–576. doi:10.25281/0869-608X-2017-66-5-567-576. ISSN 0869-608X.
  37. ^ Novokreshchenova, Tatiana I.; Shamraeva, Elena Yu. (15 August 2012). "Rumyantsev Museum: a Living Tradition. Circles on the Water. Exhibition to the 150th Anniversary of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums". Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] (4): 21–24. doi:10.25281/0869-608X-2012-0-4-21-24. ISSN 2587-7372. Официальной датой основания МПиРМ считается 19 июня 1862 г., когда было утверж- дено «Положение о Московском публичном Музеуме и Румянцевском Музеуме». Yandex Translate translation: "The official date of the foundation of the MPiRM is June 19, 1862, when the "Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum" were approved".
  38. ^ "Rumyantsev Museum. (1862–1924). Moscow - German prints". germanprints.ru. The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  39. ^ Dianina 2010, p. 1122.
  40. ^ Koval, L. M. (2014). "The First World War and the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum". Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] (3): 108–111. doi:10.25281/0869-608X-2014-0-3-108-111. ISSN 2587-7372.
  41. ^ Briskman 2019, p. 504.
  42. ^ a b c Stuart 1994, p. 252, 254.
  43. ^ a b Stuart 1994, p. 233.
  44. ^ Stuart 1994, p. 255.
  45. ^ Wilhite, Jeffrey M.; Kosmerick, Todd J.; Scrivener, Laurie, eds. (2000). International Biographical Directory of National Archivists, Documentalists, and Librarians. Susan Houck (2 ed.). The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 203. ISBN 0-8108-3780-3 – via Internet Archive.
  46. ^ Grimsted, Patricia Kennedy, ed. (2015) [2000]. Archives in Russia: A Directory and Bibliographic Guide to Holdings in Moscow and St.Petersburg. Compiled by Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, Lada Vladimirovna Repulo and Irina Vladimirovna Tunkina (English ed.). Routledge. p. 669. ISBN 978-1-317-47654-2 – via Google Books.
  47. ^ Pasternak, Leonid (1960). "My Meetings with Tolstoy". The Russian Review. 19 (2): 122–131. doi:10.2307/126734. ISSN 0036-0341. JSTOR 126734.
  48. ^ Loewinson-Lessing, Vladimir; Linnik, Irena; Kouznetsov, Youri; Egorova, Xenia (9 December 2019). Harmensz van Rijn Rembrandt. Parkstone International. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-78310-426-0.
  49. ^ "Book of the week — Arkhangel' skoe evanglie, 1092 goda". J. Willard Marriott Library Blog. The University of Utah. 7 January 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  50. ^ Stuart 1994, p. 254, 256, 258.
  51. ^ Briskman 2019, p. 510. "Славу и гордость российской культуры, первой публичной общедоступной библио- теки Москвы составляют ее читатели ... Среди них можно назвать Л.Н. Толстого, В.И. Ленина, В.О. Ключевско- го, Н.С. Тихонравова, В.Я. Брюсова, Д.И. Мен- делеева, А.Ф. Писемского, В.Е. Маковского, Ф.М. Достоевского и многих других. Их име- на зафиксированы в книге записей читателей" (In Russian)
  52. ^ Horecky 1959, p. 83, Chapter 7. "Among the Library's famous patrons were Chekhov, Dostoevskii, Mendeleev, Tolstoi, and an array of other prominent representatives of Russia's intellectual life."
  53. ^ Golinenko, O. A.; Rozanova, S. A.; Shumova, B. M.; Pokrovskaya, I. A.; Azarova, N. I., eds. (1985). The Diaries of Sophia Tolstoy. Translated by Cathy, Porter. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-528-18-2 – via Internet Archive.
  54. ^ Guzeva, Alexandra (28 March 2012). "Pashkov House in Moscow: Home to rare books". Russia Beyond. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  55. ^ Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich (1983). Kartashov, Nikolaĭ Semenovich (ed.). Lenin and Library Organisation. Progress Publishers – via Internet Archive.
  56. ^ Stuart 1994, p. 253.
  57. ^ deChambeau, Aimée (September–October 2002). "Struggles of the "Father"". Ad Astra. National Space Society. 14 (5): 42 – via DSpace Repository, Stony Brook University.
  58. ^ Blitz, Matt (4 October 2017). "How a Russian Scientist's Sci-Fi Genius Made Sputnik Possible". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  59. ^ Stuart 1994, p. 237, 250.
  60. ^ a b Stuart 1994, p. 233-234.
  61. ^ Stuart 1994, p. 233-234, 236.
  62. ^ Stuart 1994, p. 254, 255.
  63. ^ Stuart 1994, p. 233, 255.
  64. ^ Dianina 2010, p. 115.
  65. ^ "Information". RSL Official website. Russian State Library. from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  66. ^ Antonov, Oleg (2012). No. 4. "The Formation of a Great Collection". The Tretyakov Gallery Magazine (37): 26. ISSN 1729-7621.
  67. ^ Golenko, Konstantin V. (1973). "The Numismatic Department of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow". The Numismatic Chronicle. 13: 208–214. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 42664676. ... It was based on the collections of the former Rumyantsev Museum and ...
  68. ^ "A Unique Collection With a Thousand-Year History. The State Museum of Oriental Art". unesco.ru. Комиссия Российской Федерации по делам ЮНЕСКО. 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  69. ^ Briskman 2019, p. 507.
Works cited
  • Briskman, Tatiana Ya. (2019). "The Rumyantsev Museum's History in Russian Memoir Sources". Observatory of Culture (in Russian). 16 (5): 504–517. doi:10.25281/2072-3156-2019-16-5-504-517. ISSN 2588-0047. S2CID 214044426.
  • Dianina, Katia (2010). "The Return of History: Museum, Heritage, and National Identity in Imperial Russia". Journal of Eurasian Studies. 1 (2): 111–118. doi:10.1016/j.euras.2010.04.003. ISSN 1879-3665. S2CID 144889356.
  • Mazour, Anatole Gregory (1975). Modern Russian Historiography (Revised ed.). Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-8371-8285-9 – via Internet Archive.
  • Solovjeva, Tatiana (1998). To The Piers of the English Embankment. Along «The Main Street» of St. Petersburg. Vol 6. (in Russian and English). ICAR (ИКАР) Publishers. ISBN 5-85902-102-X – via Internet Archive.
  • Stuart, Mary (1994). "Creating a National Library for the Workers' State: The Public Library in Petrograd and the Rumiantsev Library under Bolshevik Rule". The Slavonic and East European Review. 72 (2): 233–258. ISSN 0037-6795. JSTOR 4211475.
  • Horecky, Paul L. (1959). Libraries and bibliographic centers in the Soviet Union. Slavic and East European Series. Vol. 16. Indiana University Publications – via Internet Archive.

Further reading

  • Sakharov, Nikolay A. (7 December 2018). "Legal Deposit System in Russia: Stages of Development and Contemporary State". Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science]. 67 (5): 489. doi:10.25281/0869-608X-2018-67-5-487-499. ISSN 2587-7372. S2CID 239570779.
Collections
  • Elkin, Boris (1966). "Attempts to Revive Freemasonry in Russia". The Slavonic and East European Review. 44 (103): 454–472. ISSN 0037-6795. JSTOR 4205787. ... among many masonic manuscripts in the library of the Rumyantsev Museum in Moscow an important document of the year 1827 ...
  • "Плютто П.А. Из истории архивного и книжного наследия князей Юсуповых: по документам Архива Румянцевского музея 1919–1920 гг". Исторический журнал: научные исследования. 4 (4): 409–426. 2015. doi:10.7256/2222-1972.2015.4.16523. ISSN 2222-1972.
  • Zakharov, Alexis (1925). "Antiquities of Katanda (Altai)". The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 55: 37–57. doi:10.2307/2843691. ISSN 0307-3114. JSTOR 2843691.
  • Koutaissoff, Elisabeth; Young, George M. (1984). Fyodorov, Nikolay Fyodorovich; Koehler, Ludmilla; Teskey, Ayleen (eds.). "The Philosophy of the Common Cause". The Slavonic and East European Review. 62 (1): 98–101. ISSN 0037-6795. JSTOR 4208797.
  • Samarin, Alexander Y. (2021). "How the Library of D.V. Ulyaninsky Entered the State Rumyantsev Museum". Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science]. 70 (6): 635–641. doi:10.25281/0869-608X-2021-70-6-635-641. ISSN 2587-7372. S2CID 246346349.
  • Emelyanova, Elena A. (2016). "Rumyantsev Museum in the Period between the February and October Revolutions of 1917". Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science]. 65 (3): 338–343. doi:10.25281/0869-608X-2016-65-3-338-343. ISSN 0869-608X.

External links

August 21, 2023
rumyantsev, museum, evolved, from, personal, library, historical, collection, count, nikolay, rumyantsev, 1754, 1826, origin, petersburg, rumyantsev, house, mansion, building, number, english, embankment, overlooking, river, neva, after, nikolay, died, 1826, b. The Rumyantsev Museum a evolved from the personal library and historical collection of Count Nikolay Rumyantsev 1754 1826 Its origin was in St Petersburg in the Rumyantsev house or mansion building number 44 on the English Embankment overlooking river Neva After Nikolay died in 1826 his brother Sergei converted the house into a museum It was opened to the general public in 1831 initially for one day a week and the remaining days were for study Rumyantsev MuseumRumyancevskij muzejRumyantsev house 44 is centermost located on the English Embankment in St Petersburg It now houses a branch of the State Museum of the History of Saint Petersburg Established1828 195 years ago 1828 Opened in 1831Dissolved1924 1924 LocationEnglish Embankment 44 St Petersburg 1828 1861 59 55 58 N 30 17 22 E 59 93280 N 30 28939 E 59 93280 30 28939Pashkov House Moscow 1862 1924 55 44 59 N 37 36 30 E 55 74967 N 37 60830 E 55 74967 37 60830Maintenance difficulties were among the reasons for the shift of Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow despite it being affiliated to the Public Library in Saint Petersburg since 1845 In 1862 Nikolay s collection was combined with others including paintings from the Hermitage Museum and renamed the Moscow Public Museum and Rumyantsev Museum By 1917 there would be four name changes and the collection grew to 1 5 million items This increased to 2 7 million in the next three years following an expropriation and nationalisation campaign A number of notable people used the library such as Dmitri Mendeleev Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy In 1921 the museum and library were administratively and formally separated A second deposit copy was permitted In 1924 weeks after the death of Lenin despite there being some contenders for Lenin s legacy such as the Public Library in Saint Petersburg Rumyantsev Museum was reorganized as the Lenin Library The Rumyantsev library became a part of the Lenin Library while other holdings were dissolved among the Tretyakov Gallery Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Museum of Oriental Art among others The Lenin Library would go on to become the Russian State Library in 1992 Contents 1 History 1 1 St Petersburg 1828 1861 1 2 Moscow 1862 1924 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External linksHistory EditSt Petersburg 1828 1861 Edit Interactive map with outline of building 44 On the death of Count Nikolay Rumyantsev in 1826 his brother Count Sergei Rumyantsev ru inherited his property 4 Sergei knew that his brother Nikolay had wanted his personal art and book collection to be accessible to society 4 For this he decided to use the Rumyantsev house or mansion ru 4 located on the English Embankment in St Petersburg 5 6 where Nikolay s collections were already stored 7 The Rumyantsev Museum was established in 1828 5 A decree was signed on 22 March 1828 regarding its establishment 4 The collection was gifted to the government 8 It was opened to the general public in 1831 initially one day a week for the general public and the remaining days for scholars 9 10 The museum s collections evolving from Count Nikolay Rumyantsev s own 2 11 included books and manuscripts 12 art coins 4 medals 13 items from Russian voyages and circumnavigations 14 and from places such as the Museum of Antiquities in Vilnius 15 The collection of valuable books totaled to about 29 000 while other items numbered in the hundreds 16 17 better source needed The library included books from between the twelfth and nineteenth centuries 18 In his lifetime Rumyantsev had funded expeditions and excavations across the world 19 He also personally sent people across Russia to find books 20 Employees including a librarian and bibliographer helped Rumyantsev amass his collection 20 Assistant s included Friedrich von Adelung who was known for collecting foreign reports on Russia 21 Collaborators included Alexander Vostokov and Eugene Bolkhovitinov 11 Students of history such as Nikolay Karamzin used these historical resources 11 Pedimental sculpture by Ivan Martos inspired by mythology connected with Mount Parnassus Apollo and Mnemosyne 22 An architect was involved in the conversion of the house s into a museum 22 It was at this stage in the mid 1830s when 12 columns were added to the front built up from the first floor 22 A pediment was added with sculpting by Ivan Martos 22 The sculpting on the pediment is inspired by mythology connected with Mount Parnassus Apollo Musagets Mnemosyne and the Muses a shout out to the buildings purpose as a museum as well as a reference to Rumyantsev 23 At a later date the pediment was engraved with the words of Nikolay for the good of enlightenment b also translated as for the benefit of education 27 with the entire engraving reading as From the State Chancellor Count Rumyantsev for the good enlightenment Russian OTb GOSUDARSTVENNOGO KANCLERA GRAFA RUMYaNCEVA NA BLAGOE PROSVEShE 16 28 Since 1845 the Rumyantsev Museum was affiliated with the Imperial Public Library in St Petersburg 29 Dmitry Buturlin the director of the Imperial Public Library was the museum director 16 Vladimir Odoevsky was actively associated with the library for about 15 years and during its shift to Moscow continued as the library director 29 30 During the last few years of the museums life in St Petersburg the maintenance of the library proved difficult 31 In 1863 the Rumyantsev house was sold to the editor of a newspaper 32 Further changes were made to the house by successive owners 33 1930s onwards the house was used by the Museum of the History of Leningrad now the State Museum of the History of Saint Petersburg 34 17 Moscow 1862 1924 Edit Pashkov House 19th century postcardIn May 1861 under the vision and advice of Nikolai Vasilyevich Isakov ru and his predecessor a decree for the first public museum in Moscow was framed and during the following year approved by Alexander II of Russia then the emperor 5 The contents of the Rumyantsev Museum in St Petersburg was shifted to Moscow and combined with other items including those from the Moscow University 5 Pictures were transferred from the Hermitage Museum 35 There had been certain discontentment among sections of society in St Petersburg related to the shift of the library to Moscow 31 The Appearance of Christ Before the People at the Alexander Ivanov Hall of the Rumyantsev Museum Moscow 1881 36 The official founding date of the Moscow Public Museum and Rumyantsev Museum MPRM is 19 June 1862 when the regulations related to it were passed 37 While some collections such as the zoological collection were transferred to Moscow University the Rumyantsev Museum at the turn of the century had a library and departments for antiquities paintings and ethnography among others 38 8 Katia Dianina of the department of Slavic Languages and Literatures of the University of Virginia writes that the shift of the museum to Moscow and its opening was the beginning of the city s cultural renaissance 39 From the collections of Soldatyonkov Ivanov s Priam asks Achilles to return Hector s body found its way into the museum collections in 1901 36 The museum has undergone a number of changes in name 12 40 41 Date Name additional informationSt Petersburg1828 1861 Rumyantsev MuseumMoscow1862 1869 Moscow Public Museum and Rumyantsev Museum 12 1869 1913 Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museum 12 1913 1917 Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum 12 1917 1924 State Rumyantsev Museum 12 State Rumyantsev Library administratively separated in 1921 42 State Rumyantsev Museum merged and dissolved1924 1925 V I Lenin Russian Public Library also known as Lenin Library or Leninka 43 1925 1992 V I Lenin State Library of the USSR 44 1992 present Russian State Library 43 Variations and other names include the Emperor Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum 1913 18 Rumyantsev State Museum and Library 1918 21 All Russian Public Library 1924 25 45 See Grimsted ed 2000 46 Rembrandt s painting Ahasuerus and Haman was one of the museum s highlights Its collection included paintings from the Old Masters and some more recent artists 9 Fyodor Pryanishnikov s collection was part of the museum 35 Leonid Pasternak s painting of Tolstoy was hung there 47 Pavel Tretyakov gave the museum Vladimir Borovikovsky s Portrait of Amvrosy Podobedov 35 In 1862 the Ahasuerus and Haman at the Feast of Esther was given to the museum 48 The collection included the Archangel Gospel 49 Ivan Tsvetaev was a curator until he went on to found the Pushkin Museum in 1912 19 In 1915 a new gallery opened with different floors holding Italian French Dutch and Russian works There was also a section for Japanese and Chinese art 36 In 1900 the first dedicated space within the Pashkov House was created for the work of Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov and would remain the only named hall the Ivanov Hall of the museum library 36 In December 1921 the museum and library were administratively separated 42 The library was given the name State Rumiantsev Library 42 A second deposit copy was permitted 50 The Angel with Golden Hair a 12th century icon from Rumyantsev s collection It is among the oldest Russian icons Dmitri Mendeleev Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy used the library 51 52 Sophia Tolstaya visited the library a number of times including visits related to her husband Leo 53 54 Lenin also used and interacted with the library 55 56 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky without the means to enroll in formal education during the period of 1873 1876 in Moscow used the library s scientific literature during those three years 57 58 By 1917 the collection included 1 5 million items 8 This almost doubled to 2 7 million by 1920 following an expropriation and nationalisation campaign 59 Lenin died on 21 January 1924 60 His name carried weight and to name an institution after him was an incentive for ensuring state funding in a difficult period 60 Despite the presence of contenders for Lenin s legacy for example the Public Library in Saint Petersburg on 5 February 1924 it was communicated that the Rumyantsev museum library would be renamed after Lenin and in the coming months it was made a national library 61 12 This change in name and designation also allowed for the highlighting of the working conditions in the library including the health of the staff one fourth who had tuberculosis 62 The first director of the Lenin Library or Leninka as the V I Lenin Russian Public Library was popularly known as was Vladimir Nevsky 63 The museum s collection of manuscripts and incunabula was reorganized as the Lenin Library 64 65 its holdings of Russian art went to the Tretyakov Gallery 66 the collection of old masters formed the nucleus of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts 67 this included The Appearance of Christ Before the People 19 collections went to the State Museum of Oriental Art 68 the Dashkov Museum 69 and Department of Foreign Ethnography 14 was incorporated into the Museum of the Peoples of the USSR References EditNotes Also spelt Rumiantsev 1 2 3 Good of enlightenment 16 24 as compared to good enlightenment 25 26 See machine translations of the engraving by Deepl Google and Yandex translate tools Citations Russian State Library www gpntb ru LibWeb Participants Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology Archived from the original on 13 March 2019 Retrieved 19 August 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint others link a b Cannon Angela 9 March 2022 Origins of the Russian Collection at the Library of Congress 1800 1906 European Reading Room Library of Congress www loc gov Retrieved 22 August 2022 Stuart 1994 p 233 258 a b c d e Briskman 2019 p 505 a b c d Slepkova Nadezhda V Yusupova Tatiana I 2018 The Zoological Museum of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences 1860s 1910 From an academic institute to a public museum Centaurus Wiley 60 4 300 doi 10 1111 1600 0498 12193 ISSN 0008 8994 S2CID 202939235 186 years ago Russia s first private museum opened in St Petersburg Russia Beyond 23 November 2017 Retrieved 20 August 2022 Solovjeva 1998 p 134 a b c Stuart 1994 p 236 a b Gray Rosalind P 2000 Russian Genre Painting in the Nineteenth Century Oxford Historical Monographs Oxford England Clarendon Press p 39 ISBN 9780198208754 In 1831 the collection opened to the public on Mondays with Sergei s stipulations limiting access to those of good background It admitted those wishing to study during the rest of the week Rumyancevskij muzej slovari yandex ru Archived from the original on 18 July 2012 Retrieved 3 February 2022 a b c Mazour 1975 p 27 a b c d e f g Rumyantsev Museum 1862 1924 germanprints ru The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts Retrieved 20 August 2022 Semenova Natalya Delocque Andre 2018 The Collector The Story of Sergei Shchukin and His Lost Masterpieces Yale University Press pp 84 85 ISBN 978 0 300 24107 5 a b Balakhonova Ekaterina I Govor Elena V 2018 Old Polynesian tapa in ethnographical collections of the Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology of Moscow University Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta Seria XXIII Antropologia 2 2018 103 120 doi 10 32521 2074 8132 2018 2 103 120 S2CID 165552157 Kersyte Nastazija 2011 The Issue of the Recovery of the Collections of the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities Knygotyra 56 33 54 doi 10 15388 kn v56i0 1512 ISSN 0204 2061 a b c d Solovjeva 1998 p 137 a b FitzLyon Kyril Zinovieff Kyril Hughes Jenny 2003 The Companion Guide to St Petersburg Companion Guides ISBN 978 1 900639 40 8 via Google Books N P Rumyancev i Rumyancevskij muzej NP Rumyantsev and Rumyantsev Museum museum ru Rossijskaya set kulturnogo naslediya Archived from the original on 22 June 2008 Retrieved 3 July 2010 a b c Brooke Caroline 2006 Moscow A Cultural History Oxford University Press p 184 ISBN 978 0 19 530951 5 a b Solovjeva 1998 p 133 Loewenson Leo 1936 Russian Documents in the British Museum I The Slavonic and East European Review 14 41 380 388 ISSN 0037 6795 JSTOR 4203127 a b c d Solovjeva 1998 p 129 Solovjeva 1998 p 129 130 Soderstrom Mark A 2011 Enlightening the Land of Midnight Peter Slovtsov Ivan Kalashnikov and the Saga of Russian Siberia Thesis Ohio State University p 302 the museum of the famous chancellor Rumiantsev for the good of enlightenment take Referenced to IRLI Rumyantsev Mansion in Saint Petersburg Russia Anna Gaplichnaya Retrieved 22 August 2022 Komissarov V V Soloviev A A 2021 Na polzu otechestvu i blagoe prosveshenie Bibliotechnaya intelligenciya i vojna For the Benefit of the Fatherland and Good Enlightenment Library Intelligentsia and the War Intelligenciya i mir in Russian Ivanovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet 4 142 149 doi 10 46725 IW 2021 4 8 ISSN 1993 3959 S2CID 245529890 via ceeol com History State Museum of the History of St Petersburg Retrieved 26 August 2022 Briskman 2019 p 506 507 a b Briskman 2019 pp 505 506 Prince Vladimir Feodorovich Odoyevsky www mosconsv ru Moscow Conservatory Retrieved 20 August 2022 a b Briskman 2019 p 506 Solovjeva 1998 p 138 Solovjeva 1998 p 138 140 Solovjeva 1998 p 144 a b c Shergina Zoya 2011 No 2 Pavel Tretyakov The Collector s Library The Tretyakov Gallery Magazine 31 ISSN 1729 7621 a b c d Ivanova E A Ermakova M E 2017 Ivanovsky Hall in the History of the Rumyantsev Museum and the Russian State Library Bibliotekovedenie Russian Journal of Library Science 66 5 567 576 doi 10 25281 0869 608X 2017 66 5 567 576 ISSN 0869 608X Novokreshchenova Tatiana I Shamraeva Elena Yu 15 August 2012 Rumyantsev Museum a Living Tradition Circles on the Water Exhibition to the 150th Anniversary of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums Bibliotekovedenie Russian Journal of Library Science 4 21 24 doi 10 25281 0869 608X 2012 0 4 21 24 ISSN 2587 7372 Oficialnoj datoj osnovaniya MPiRM schitaetsya 19 iyunya 1862 g kogda bylo utverzh deno Polozhenie o Moskovskom publichnom Muzeume i Rumyancevskom Muzeume Yandex Translate translation The official date of the foundation of the MPiRM is June 19 1862 when the Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum were approved Rumyantsev Museum 1862 1924 Moscow German prints germanprints ru The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts Retrieved 22 August 2022 Dianina 2010 p 1122 Koval L M 2014 The First World War and the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum Bibliotekovedenie Library and Information Science Russia 3 108 111 doi 10 25281 0869 608X 2014 0 3 108 111 ISSN 2587 7372 Briskman 2019 p 504 a b c Stuart 1994 p 252 254 a b Stuart 1994 p 233 Stuart 1994 p 255 Wilhite Jeffrey M Kosmerick Todd J Scrivener Laurie eds 2000 International Biographical Directory of National Archivists Documentalists and Librarians Susan Houck 2 ed The Scarecrow Press Inc p 203 ISBN 0 8108 3780 3 via Internet Archive Grimsted Patricia Kennedy ed 2015 2000 Archives in Russia A Directory and Bibliographic Guide to Holdings in Moscow and St Petersburg Compiled by Patricia Kennedy Grimsted Lada Vladimirovna Repulo and Irina Vladimirovna Tunkina English ed Routledge p 669 ISBN 978 1 317 47654 2 via Google Books Pasternak Leonid 1960 My Meetings with Tolstoy The Russian Review 19 2 122 131 doi 10 2307 126734 ISSN 0036 0341 JSTOR 126734 Loewinson Lessing Vladimir Linnik Irena Kouznetsov Youri Egorova Xenia 9 December 2019 Harmensz van Rijn Rembrandt Parkstone International p 111 ISBN 978 1 78310 426 0 Book of the week Arkhangel skoe evanglie 1092 goda J Willard Marriott Library Blog The University of Utah 7 January 2020 Retrieved 20 August 2022 Stuart 1994 p 254 256 258 Briskman 2019 p 510 Slavu i gordost rossijskoj kultury pervoj publichnoj obshedostupnoj biblio teki Moskvy sostavlyayut ee chitateli Sredi nih mozhno nazvat L N Tolstogo V I Lenina V O Klyuchevsko go N S Tihonravova V Ya Bryusova D I Men deleeva A F Pisemskogo V E Makovskogo F M Dostoevskogo i mnogih drugih Ih ime na zafiksirovany v knige zapisej chitatelej In Russian Horecky 1959 p 83 Chapter 7 Among the Library s famous patrons were Chekhov Dostoevskii Mendeleev Tolstoi and an array of other prominent representatives of Russia s intellectual life Golinenko O A Rozanova S A Shumova B M Pokrovskaya I A Azarova N I eds 1985 The Diaries of Sophia Tolstoy Translated by Cathy Porter New York Random House ISBN 0 394 528 18 2 via Internet Archive Guzeva Alexandra 28 March 2012 Pashkov House in Moscow Home to rare books Russia Beyond Retrieved 25 August 2022 Lenin Vladimir Ilʹich 1983 Kartashov Nikolaĭ Semenovich ed Lenin and Library Organisation Progress Publishers via Internet Archive Stuart 1994 p 253 deChambeau Aimee September October 2002 Struggles of the Father Ad Astra National Space Society 14 5 42 via DSpace Repository Stony Brook University Blitz Matt 4 October 2017 How a Russian Scientist s Sci Fi Genius Made Sputnik Possible Popular Mechanics Retrieved 1 September 2022 Stuart 1994 p 237 250 a b Stuart 1994 p 233 234 Stuart 1994 p 233 234 236 Stuart 1994 p 254 255 Stuart 1994 p 233 255 Dianina 2010 p 115 Information RSL Official website Russian State Library Archived from the original on 16 August 2022 Retrieved 26 August 2022 Antonov Oleg 2012 No 4 The Formation of a Great Collection The Tretyakov Gallery Magazine 37 26 ISSN 1729 7621 Golenko Konstantin V 1973 The Numismatic Department of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts Moscow The Numismatic Chronicle 13 208 214 ISSN 0078 2696 JSTOR 42664676 It was based on the collections of the former Rumyantsev Museum and A Unique Collection With a Thousand Year History The State Museum of Oriental Art unesco ru Komissiya Rossijskoj Federacii po delam YuNESKO 2020 Retrieved 20 August 2022 Briskman 2019 p 507 Works citedBriskman Tatiana Ya 2019 The Rumyantsev Museum s History in Russian Memoir Sources Observatory of Culture in Russian 16 5 504 517 doi 10 25281 2072 3156 2019 16 5 504 517 ISSN 2588 0047 S2CID 214044426 Dianina Katia 2010 The Return of History Museum Heritage and National Identity in Imperial Russia Journal of Eurasian Studies 1 2 111 118 doi 10 1016 j euras 2010 04 003 ISSN 1879 3665 S2CID 144889356 Mazour Anatole Gregory 1975 Modern Russian Historiography Revised ed Greenwood Press ISBN 0 8371 8285 9 via Internet Archive Solovjeva Tatiana 1998 To The Piers of the English Embankment Along The Main Street of St Petersburg Vol 6 in Russian and English ICAR IKAR Publishers ISBN 5 85902 102 X via Internet Archive Stuart Mary 1994 Creating a National Library for the Workers State The Public Library in Petrograd and the Rumiantsev Library under Bolshevik Rule The Slavonic and East European Review 72 2 233 258 ISSN 0037 6795 JSTOR 4211475 Horecky Paul L 1959 Libraries and bibliographic centers in the Soviet Union Slavic and East European Series Vol 16 Indiana University Publications via Internet Archive Further reading EditSakharov Nikolay A 7 December 2018 Legal Deposit System in Russia Stages of Development and Contemporary State Bibliotekovedenie Russian Journal of Library Science 67 5 489 doi 10 25281 0869 608X 2018 67 5 487 499 ISSN 2587 7372 S2CID 239570779 CollectionsElkin Boris 1966 Attempts to Revive Freemasonry in Russia The Slavonic and East European Review 44 103 454 472 ISSN 0037 6795 JSTOR 4205787 among many masonic manuscripts in the library of the Rumyantsev Museum in Moscow an important document of the year 1827 Plyutto P A Iz istorii arhivnogo i knizhnogo naslediya knyazej Yusupovyh po dokumentam Arhiva Rumyancevskogo muzeya 1919 1920 gg Istoricheskij zhurnal nauchnye issledovaniya 4 4 409 426 2015 doi 10 7256 2222 1972 2015 4 16523 ISSN 2222 1972 Zakharov Alexis 1925 Antiquities of Katanda Altai The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 55 37 57 doi 10 2307 2843691 ISSN 0307 3114 JSTOR 2843691 Koutaissoff Elisabeth Young George M 1984 Fyodorov Nikolay Fyodorovich Koehler Ludmilla Teskey Ayleen eds The Philosophy of the Common Cause The Slavonic and East European Review 62 1 98 101 ISSN 0037 6795 JSTOR 4208797 Samarin Alexander Y 2021 How the Library of D V Ulyaninsky Entered the State Rumyantsev Museum Bibliotekovedenie Russian Journal of Library Science 70 6 635 641 doi 10 25281 0869 608X 2021 70 6 635 641 ISSN 2587 7372 S2CID 246346349 Emelyanova Elena A 2016 Rumyantsev Museum in the Period between the February and October Revolutions of 1917 Bibliotekovedenie Russian Journal of Library Science 65 3 338 343 doi 10 25281 0869 608X 2016 65 3 338 343 ISSN 0869 608X External links EditA virtual reconstruction by the Russian State Library under construction www wbr rmuseum wbr ru Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rumyantsev Museum amp oldid 1170020332, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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