87Rb has a half-life of 4.92×1010 years. It readily substitutes for potassium in minerals, and is therefore fairly widespread. 87Rb has been used extensively in dating rocks; 87Rb decays to stable strontium-87 by emission of a beta particle (an electron ejected from the nucleus). During fractional crystallization, Sr tends to become concentrated in plagioclase, leaving Rb in the liquid phase. Hence, the Rb/Sr ratio in residual magma may increase over time, resulting in rocks with increasing Rb/Sr ratios with increasing differentiation. The highest ratios (10 or higher) occur in pegmatites. If the initial amount of Sr is known or can be extrapolated, the age can be determined by measurement of the Rb and Sr concentrations and the 87Sr/86Sr ratio. The dates indicate the true age of the minerals only if the rocks have not been subsequently altered. See rubidium–strontium dating for a more detailed discussion.
Other than 87Rb, the longest-lived radioisotopes are 83Rb with a half-life of 86.2 days, 84Rb with a half-life of 33.1 days, and 86Rb with a half-life of 18.642 days. All other radioisotopes have half-lives less than a day.
^( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
^ abc# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
Rubidium-87 was the first and the most popular atom for making Bose–Einstein condensates in dilute atomic gases. Even though rubidium-85 is more abundant, rubidium-87 has a positive scattering length, which means it is mutually repulsive, at low temperatures. This prevents a collapse of all but the smallest condensates. It is also easy to evaporatively cool, with a consistent strong mutual scattering. There is also a strong supply of cheap uncoated diode lasers typically used in CD writers, which can operate at the correct wavelength.
Rubidium-87 has an atomic mass of 86.9091835 u, and a binding energy of 757,853 keV. Its atomic percent abundance is 27.835%, and has a half-life of 4.92×1010 years.
Referencesedit
^Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^Ohnishi, Tetsuya; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Kusaka, Kensuke; et al. (2010). "Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon". J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79 (7). Physical Society of Japan: 073201. arXiv:1006.0305. Bibcode:2010JPSJ...79g3201T. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201.
^Shimizu, Yohei; et al. (2018). "Observation of New Neutron-rich Isotopes among Fission Fragments from In-flight Fission of 345 MeV/Nucleon 238U: Search for New Isotopes Conducted Concurrently with Decay Measurement Campaigns". Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. 87 (1): 014203. Bibcode:2018JPSJ...87a4203S. doi:10.7566/JPSJ.87.014203.
^ abSumikama, T.; et al. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr". Physical Review C. 103 (1): 014614. Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. hdl:10261/260248. S2CID 234019083.
Isotope masses from:
Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
isotopes, rubidium, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, 2018, l. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Isotopes of rubidium news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2018 Learn how and when to remove this message Rubidium 37Rb has 36 isotopes with naturally occurring rubidium being composed of just two isotopes 85Rb 72 2 and the radioactive 87Rb 27 8 Isotopes of rubidium 37Rb Main isotopes 1 Decay abun dance half life t1 2 mode pro duct 82Rb synth 1 2575 m b 82Kr 83Rb synth 86 2 d e 83Kr g 84Rb synth 32 9 d e 84Kr b 84Kr g b 84Sr 85Rb 72 2 stable 86Rb synth 18 7 d b 86Sr g 87Rb 27 8 4 923 1010 y b 87SrStandard atomic weight Ar Rb 85 4678 0 0003 2 85 468 0 001 abridged 3 viewtalkedit 87Rb has a half life of 4 92 1010 years It readily substitutes for potassium in minerals and is therefore fairly widespread 87Rb has been used extensively in dating rocks 87Rb decays to stable strontium 87 by emission of a beta particle an electron ejected from the nucleus During fractional crystallization Sr tends to become concentrated in plagioclase leaving Rb in the liquid phase Hence the Rb Sr ratio in residual magma may increase over time resulting in rocks with increasing Rb Sr ratios with increasing differentiation The highest ratios 10 or higher occur in pegmatites If the initial amount of Sr is known or can be extrapolated the age can be determined by measurement of the Rb and Sr concentrations and the 87Sr 86Sr ratio The dates indicate the true age of the minerals only if the rocks have not been subsequently altered See rubidium strontium dating for a more detailed discussion Other than 87Rb the longest lived radioisotopes are 83Rb with a half life of 86 2 days 84Rb with a half life of 33 1 days and 86Rb with a half life of 18 642 days All other radioisotopes have half lives less than a day 82Rb is used in some cardiac positron emission tomography scans to assess myocardial perfusion It has a half life of 1 273 minutes It does not exist naturally but can be made from the decay of 82Sr List of isotopes editNuclide n 1 Z N Isotopic mass Da n 2 n 3 Half life n 4 n 5 Decaymode n 6 Daughterisotope n 7 n 8 Spin andparity n 9 n 5 Natural abundance mole fraction Excitation energy n 5 Normal proportion Range of variation 71Rb 37 34 70 96532 54 p 70Kr 5 2 72Rb 37 35 71 95908 54 lt 1 5 ms p 71Kr 3 72mRb 100 100 keV 1 ms p 71Kr 1 73Rb 37 36 72 95056 16 lt 30 ns p 72Kr 3 2 74Rb 37 37 73 944265 4 64 76 3 ms b 74Kr 0 75Rb 37 38 74 938570 8 19 0 12 s b 75Kr 3 2 76Rb 37 39 75 9350722 20 36 5 6 s b 76Kr 1 b a 3 8 10 7 72Se 76mRb 316 93 8 keV 3 050 7 ms 4 77Rb 37 40 76 930408 8 3 77 4 min b 77Kr 3 2 78Rb 37 41 77 928141 8 17 66 8 min b 78Kr 0 78mRb 111 20 10 keV 5 74 5 min b 90 78Kr 4 IT 10 78Rb 79Rb 37 42 78 923989 6 22 9 5 min b 79Kr 5 2 80Rb 37 43 79 922519 7 33 4 7 s b 80Kr 1 80mRb 494 4 5 keV 1 6 2 ms 6 81Rb 37 44 80 918996 6 4 570 4 h b 81Kr 3 2 81mRb 86 31 7 keV 30 5 3 min IT 97 6 81Rb 9 2 b 2 4 81Kr 82Rb 37 45 81 9182086 30 1 273 2 min b 82Kr 1 82mRb 69 0 15 keV 6 472 5 h b 99 67 82Kr 5 IT 33 82Rb 83Rb 37 46 82 915110 6 86 2 1 d EC 83Kr 5 2 83mRb 42 11 4 keV 7 8 7 ms IT 83Rb 9 2 84Rb 37 47 83 914385 3 33 1 1 d b 96 2 84Kr 2 b 3 8 84Sr 84mRb 463 62 9 keV 20 26 4 min IT gt 99 9 84Rb 6 b lt 1 84Kr 85Rb n 10 37 48 84 911789738 12 Stable 5 2 0 7217 2 86Rb 37 49 85 91116742 21 18 642 18 d b 99 9948 86Sr 2 EC 0052 86Kr 86mRb 556 05 18 keV 1 017 3 min IT 86Rb 6 87Rb n 11 n 12 n 10 37 50 86 909180527 13 4 923 22 1010 y b 87Sr 3 2 0 2783 2 88Rb 37 51 87 91131559 17 17 773 11 min b 88Sr 2 89Rb 37 52 88 912278 6 15 15 12 min b 89Sr 3 2 90Rb 37 53 89 914802 7 158 5 s b 90Sr 0 90mRb 106 90 3 keV 258 4 s b 97 4 90Sr 3 IT 2 6 90 Rb 91Rb 37 54 90 916537 9 58 4 4 s b 91Sr 3 2 92Rb 37 55 91 919729 7 4 492 20 s b 99 98 92Sr 0 b n 0107 91Sr 93Rb 37 56 92 922042 8 5 84 2 s b 98 65 93Sr 5 2 b n 1 35 92Sr 93mRb 253 38 3 keV 57 15 ms 3 2 5 2 94Rb 37 57 93 926405 9 2 702 5 s b 89 99 94Sr 3 b n 10 01 93Sr 95Rb 37 58 94 929303 23 377 5 8 ms b 91 27 95Sr 5 2 b n 8 73 94Sr 96Rb 37 59 95 93427 3 202 8 33 ms b 86 6 96Sr 2 b n 13 4 95Sr 96mRb 0 200 keV 200 ms gt 1 ms b 96Sr 1 IT 96Rb b n 95Sr 97Rb 37 60 96 93735 3 169 9 7 ms b 74 3 97Sr 3 2 b n 25 7 96Sr 98Rb 37 61 97 94179 5 114 5 ms b 86 14 98Sr 0 1 b n 13 8 97Sr b 2n 051 96Sr 98mRb 290 130 keV 96 3 ms b 97Sr 3 4 99Rb 37 62 98 94538 13 50 3 7 ms b 84 1 99Sr 5 2 b n 15 9 98Sr 100Rb 37 63 99 94987 32 51 8 ms b 94 25 100Sr 3 b n 5 6 99Sr b 2n 15 98Sr 101Rb 37 64 100 95320 18 32 5 ms b 69 101Sr 3 2 b n 31 100Sr 102Rb 37 65 101 95887 54 37 5 ms b 82 102Sr b n 18 101Sr 103Rb 4 37 66 26 ms b 103Sr 104Rb 5 37 67 35 ms gt 550 ns b 104Sr 105Rb 6 37 68 106Rb 6 37 69 This table header amp footer view mRb Excited nuclear isomer Uncertainty 1s is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits Atomic mass marked value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface TMS Bold half life nearly stable half life longer than age of universe a b c Values marked are not purely derived from experimental data but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides TNN Modes of decay EC Electron capture IT Isomeric transition n Neutron emission p Proton emission Bold italics symbol as daughter Daughter product is nearly stable Bold symbol as daughter Daughter product is stable spin value Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments a b Fission product Primordial radionuclide Used in rubidium strontium datingRubidium 87 editRubidium 87 was the first and the most popular atom for making Bose Einstein condensates in dilute atomic gases Even though rubidium 85 is more abundant rubidium 87 has a positive scattering length which means it is mutually repulsive at low temperatures This prevents a collapse of all but the smallest condensates It is also easy to evaporatively cool with a consistent strong mutual scattering There is also a strong supply of cheap uncoated diode lasers typically used in CD writers which can operate at the correct wavelength Rubidium 87 has an atomic mass of 86 9091835 u and a binding energy of 757 853 keV Its atomic percent abundance is 27 835 and has a half life of 4 92 1010 years References edit Kondev F G Wang M Huang W J Naimi S Audi G 2021 The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties PDF Chinese Physics C 45 3 030001 doi 10 1088 1674 1137 abddae Standard Atomic Weights Rubidium CIAAW 1969 Prohaska Thomas Irrgeher Johanna Benefield Jacqueline Bohlke John K Chesson Lesley A Coplen Tyler B Ding Tiping Dunn Philip J H Groning Manfred Holden Norman E Meijer Harro A J 2022 05 04 Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 IUPAC Technical Report Pure and Applied Chemistry doi 10 1515 pac 2019 0603 ISSN 1365 3075 Ohnishi Tetsuya Kubo Toshiyuki Kusaka Kensuke et al 2010 Identification of 45 New Neutron Rich Isotopes Produced by In Flight Fission of a 238U Beam at 345 MeV nucleon J Phys Soc Jpn 79 7 Physical Society of Japan 073201 arXiv 1006 0305 Bibcode 2010JPSJ 79g3201T doi 10 1143 JPSJ 79 073201 Shimizu Yohei et al 2018 Observation of New Neutron rich Isotopes among Fission Fragments from In flight Fission of 345 MeV Nucleon 238U Search for New Isotopes Conducted Concurrently with Decay Measurement Campaigns Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 87 1 014203 Bibcode 2018JPSJ 87a4203S doi 10 7566 JPSJ 87 014203 a b Sumikama T et al 2021 Observation of new neutron rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr Physical Review C 103 1 014614 Bibcode 2021PhRvC 103a4614S doi 10 1103 PhysRevC 103 014614 hdl 10261 260248 S2CID 234019083 Isotope masses from Audi Georges Bersillon Olivier Blachot Jean Wapstra Aaldert Hendrik 2003 The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties Nuclear Physics A 729 3 128 Bibcode 2003NuPhA 729 3A doi 10 1016 j nuclphysa 2003 11 001 Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from de Laeter John Robert Bohlke John Karl De Bievre Paul Hidaka Hiroshi Peiser H Steffen Rosman Kevin J R Taylor Philip D P 2003 Atomic weights of the elements Review 2000 IUPAC Technical Report Pure and Applied Chemistry 75 6 683 800 doi 10 1351 pac200375060683 Wieser Michael E 2006 Atomic weights of the elements 2005 IUPAC Technical Report Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 11 2051 2066 doi 10 1351 pac200678112051 News amp Notices Standard Atomic Weights Revised International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 19 October 2005 Half life spin and isomer data selected from the following sources Audi Georges Bersillon Olivier Blachot Jean Wapstra Aaldert Hendrik 2003 The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties Nuclear Physics A 729 3 128 Bibcode 2003NuPhA 729 3A doi 10 1016 j nuclphysa 2003 11 001 National Nuclear Data Center NuDat 2 x database Brookhaven National Laboratory Holden Norman E 2004 11 Table of the Isotopes In Lide David R ed CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 85th ed Boca Raton Florida CRC Press ISBN 978 0 8493 0485 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Isotopes of rubidium amp oldid 1218662013 Rubidium 83, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
