A Roman candle is a traditional type of firework that ejects one or more stars or exploding shells. Roman candles come in a variety of sizes, from 6 mm (0.24 in) diameter for consumers, up to 8 cm (3.1 in) diameter in professional fireworks displays.
Roman candles are fireworks constructed with bentonite, lifting charge, pyrotechnic star, black powder, and delay charge. The device is ignited from the top, which should be pointed into the sky, away from people. The delay powder is packed tightly in the tube, so that the flame cannot reach around the sides of the plug of delay composition. It therefore burns slowly; as it is consumed, the flame moves down through the tube. When the flame reaches the topmost pyrotechnic star, the star is ignited. Because the star fits loosely in the tube, the fire spreads around it and ignites the lift charge. The lift charge burns quickly, propelling the star out of the tube. In doing so it also ignites the layer of delay powder beneath it, and the process repeats. There are several variations on this:
Many Chinese Roman candles use clay instead of delay powder and run a length of fuse down the inside of the candle to time the lifts.
Larger Roman candles (three-inch diameter or more) usually add more lift to the highest layers and less to the lower layers in order to cause the stars to lift to the same altitude. This is due to the shorter length of tube available for accelerating the higher stars (see firearms internal ballistics).
Some very large Roman candles load comet shells instead of stars.
Star colors and chemistryedit
The stars of Roman candles can be found in a variety of colors. Colors are manipulated by adding compounds which, when ignited, release visible light and other radiation. For example, when potassium perchlorate (KClO4) is used as an oxidizer, chemical reactions involving the dissociated elements of the perchlorate—potassium and chlorine ions—create barium compounds which emit green light (especially BaCl2). The potassium compounds formed by this reaction emit mostly near-infrared light, and so they do not affect the color of the star in a significant way. This reaction occurs at temperatures exceeding 2500 °C (4500 °F), at which the ions in KCl dissociate into free K+ and Cl−. Alternatively, SrCO3 can be added to the candle to produce a red or pink star, but, because it does not oxidize, more oxidizers and fuels must be added to sustain combustion. During combustion, various strontium compounds (especially Sr(OH)2) emit red light, most of which is between 506 and 722 nm in wavelength.[15]
^Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (2020-07-08). "Verboden vuurwerk vanaf 2020 - Vuurwerk - Rijksoverheid.nl". www.rijksoverheid.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 2022-10-31.
^"Person Cited After Roman Candle Starts Small Fire In Woodland". KOVR. June 28, 2022. Aerial fireworks, like roman candles, are illegal in California unless used under a special display license.
^Griffin, Krys'tal (June 24, 2022). "Check out Delaware's fireworks laws before you light up your July 4th celebration". Delaware News Journal. Illegal fireworks for civilians to possess and use include bottle rockets, firecrackers or fire balloons, aerials like Roman candles and any other device that explodes or shoots into the air, according to the fireworks chapter of Delaware's health and safety code.
^Hernández, Arelis R. (2013-07-01). "Officials urge caution when fireworks are part of the celebration". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 6 August 2015. Florida law prohibits any fireworks that fly through the air or explode—such as Roman candles, bottle rockets and mortars—for recreational use.
^"Law Enforcement Guide to Fireworks Identification" (PDF). Sep 2016. Retrieved Nov 16, 2021.
^Sobey, Rick (July 3, 2022). "Massachusetts State Police seize more fireworks, charge 4 people ahead of Fourth of July". Boston Herald. Ahead of the Fourth of July, Mass State Police keep seizing fireworks at the state border and charging people who bring illegal bottle rockets, Roman candles, sparklers and more into the Bay State.
^Stroozas, Sam (July 2, 2022). "For those who don't enjoy fireworks, some tips for this holiday weekend". MPR News. Sparklers, snakes and tubes that emit sparks are legal in Minnesota but firecrackers and rockets — any fireworks that are aerial or explosive — remain illegal in our state.
^Brodesser-Akner, Claude (Jun 29, 2017). "Christie legalizes some fireworks in time for your 4th of July celebration". NJ Star-Ledger. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
^Brown, Raven (June 29, 2022). "Fireworks in NYS: What's allowed and what's not?". WHEC. According to the New York State Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Services' Office of Fire Prevention and Control, consumer fireworks including firecrackers, bottle rockets, roman candles, spinners, and aerial devices, remain illegal statewide.
^Rivera, Tanya. "Fireworks: What's legal & illegal in NC". WFMY. 'In North Carolina, the only fireworks that are legal are the ones that emit sparks. They can make noise but cannot propel into the air and they cannot explode,' said Lt. Chris Davenport, Forsyth County Sheriff's Office.
^Howard, Jerry (June 27, 2022). "Fire Marshal about Oregon fireworks: "Keep it legal, keep it safe."". KDRV. Fireworks, commonly called bottle rockets, Roman candles, and are illegal in Oregon without a permit.
^. Pyro Universe. Archived from the original on 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-03-30.
^Russell, Michael S. (2000). The chemistry of fireworks (Repr. ed.). Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 70−73. ISBN978-0-85404-598-3. Retrieved 6 August 2015. roman candle.
January 01, 1970
roman, candle, firework, roman, candle, traditional, type, firework, that, ejects, more, stars, exploding, shells, roman, candles, come, variety, sizes, from, diameter, consumers, diameter, professional, fireworks, displays, roman, candle, firework, great, gri. A Roman candle is a traditional type of firework that ejects one or more stars or exploding shells Roman candles come in a variety of sizes from 6 mm 0 24 in diameter for consumers up to 8 cm 3 1 in diameter in professional fireworks displays Roman candle firework by Great Grizzly Roman candles are banned in some countries as they have a tendency to malfunction 1 They are banned in Finland 2 and the Netherlands 3 and illegal to possess or set off in the U S states of California 4 Delaware 5 Florida 6 Maryland 7 Massachusetts 8 Minnesota 9 New Jersey 10 New York 11 North Carolina 12 Oregon 13 and Rhode Island 14 Construction and ignition editRoman candles are fireworks constructed with bentonite lifting charge pyrotechnic star black powder and delay charge The device is ignited from the top which should be pointed into the sky away from people The delay powder is packed tightly in the tube so that the flame cannot reach around the sides of the plug of delay composition It therefore burns slowly as it is consumed the flame moves down through the tube When the flame reaches the topmost pyrotechnic star the star is ignited Because the star fits loosely in the tube the fire spreads around it and ignites the lift charge The lift charge burns quickly propelling the star out of the tube In doing so it also ignites the layer of delay powder beneath it and the process repeats There are several variations on this Many Chinese Roman candles use clay instead of delay powder and run a length of fuse down the inside of the candle to time the lifts Larger Roman candles three inch diameter or more usually add more lift to the highest layers and less to the lower layers in order to cause the stars to lift to the same altitude This is due to the shorter length of tube available for accelerating the higher stars see firearms internal ballistics Some very large Roman candles load comet shells instead of stars Star colors and chemistry editThe stars of Roman candles can be found in a variety of colors Colors are manipulated by adding compounds which when ignited release visible light and other radiation For example when potassium perchlorate KClO4 is used as an oxidizer chemical reactions involving the dissociated elements of the perchlorate potassium and chlorine ions create barium compounds which emit green light especially BaCl2 The potassium compounds formed by this reaction emit mostly near infrared light and so they do not affect the color of the star in a significant way This reaction occurs at temperatures exceeding 2500 C 4500 F at which the ions in KCl dissociate into free K and Cl Alternatively SrCO3 can be added to the candle to produce a red or pink star but because it does not oxidize more oxidizers and fuels must be added to sustain combustion During combustion various strontium compounds especially Sr OH 2 emit red light most of which is between 506 and 722 nm in wavelength 15 References edit http www jpyro2 com wp content uploads 2012 08 Kos 647 651 pdf bare URL PDF Finland www gov scot Retrieved 2022 10 31 Zaken Ministerie van Algemene 2020 07 08 Verboden vuurwerk vanaf 2020 Vuurwerk Rijksoverheid nl www rijksoverheid nl in Dutch Retrieved 2022 10 31 Person Cited After Roman Candle Starts Small Fire In Woodland KOVR June 28 2022 Aerial fireworks like roman candles are illegal in California unless used under a special display license Griffin Krys tal June 24 2022 Check out Delaware s fireworks laws before you light up your July 4th celebration Delaware News Journal Illegal fireworks for civilians to possess and use include bottle rockets firecrackers or fire balloons aerials like Roman candles and any other device that explodes or shoots into the air according to the fireworks chapter of Delaware s health and safety code Hernandez Arelis R 2013 07 01 Officials urge caution when fireworks are part of the celebration Orlando Sentinel Retrieved 6 August 2015 Florida law prohibits any fireworks that fly through the air or explode such as Roman candles bottle rockets and mortars for recreational use Law Enforcement Guide to Fireworks Identification PDF Sep 2016 Retrieved Nov 16 2021 Sobey Rick July 3 2022 Massachusetts State Police seize more fireworks charge 4 people ahead of Fourth of July Boston Herald Ahead of the Fourth of July Mass State Police keep seizing fireworks at the state border and charging people who bring illegal bottle rockets Roman candles sparklers and more into the Bay State Stroozas Sam July 2 2022 For those who don t enjoy fireworks some tips for this holiday weekend MPR News Sparklers snakes and tubes that emit sparks are legal in Minnesota but firecrackers and rockets any fireworks that are aerial or explosive remain illegal in our state Brodesser Akner Claude Jun 29 2017 Christie legalizes some fireworks in time for your 4th of July celebration NJ Star Ledger Retrieved 14 June 2018 Brown Raven June 29 2022 Fireworks in NYS What s allowed and what s not WHEC According to the New York State Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Services Office of Fire Prevention and Control consumer fireworks including firecrackers bottle rockets roman candles spinners and aerial devices remain illegal statewide Rivera Tanya Fireworks What s legal amp illegal in NC WFMY In North Carolina the only fireworks that are legal are the ones that emit sparks They can make noise but cannot propel into the air and they cannot explode said Lt Chris Davenport Forsyth County Sheriff s Office Howard Jerry June 27 2022 Fire Marshal about Oregon fireworks Keep it legal keep it safe KDRV Fireworks commonly called bottle rockets Roman candles and are illegal in Oregon without a permit Fireworks Laws Pyro Universe Archived from the original on 2013 05 14 Retrieved 2013 03 30 Russell Michael S 2000 The chemistry of fireworks Repr ed Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry pp 70 73 ISBN 978 0 85404 598 3 Retrieved 6 August 2015 roman candle Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Roman candle firework amp oldid 1214780881, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
