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Robert Edwards (physiologist)

May 31, 2023

For other people named Robert Edwards, see Robert Edwards (disambiguation).

Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards CBE FRS MAE[3][4][7] (27 September 1925 – 10 April 2013) was a British physiologist and pioneer in reproductive medicine, and in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) in particular. Along with obstetrician and gynaecologist Patrick Steptoe[8] and nurse Jean Purdy, Edwards successfully pioneered conception through IVF, which led to the birth of Louise Brown on 25 July 1978.[9] They founded the first IVF programme for infertile patients and trained other scientists in their techniques. Edwards was the founding editor-in-chief of Human Reproduction in 1986.[10] In 2010, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the development of in vitro fertilization".[11][12]

Sir Robert Edwards

FRS CBE MAE
Born
Robert Geoffrey Edwards

(1925-09-27)27 September 1925[1]
Batley, England
Died10 April 2013(2013-04-10) (aged 87)
near Cambridge, England
Alma mater
Known forPioneering in-vitro fertilisation
Spouse
​
(m. 1959)​
[1]
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisThe experimental induction of heteroploidy in the mouse (1955)
Doctoral advisorR. A. Beatty
C. H. Waddington[5]
Doctoral studentsRichard Gardner (embryologist)
Martin Hume Johnson
Roger Gosden
Azim Surani[6]
Websitenobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010

Education and early career

Edwards was born in Batley, Yorkshire, and attended Manchester Central High School[1] on Whitworth Street in central Manchester, after which he served in the British Army, and then completed his undergraduate studies in biology, graduating with an Ordinary degree at Bangor University.[13][14] He studied at the Institute of Animal Genetics and Embryology at the University of Edinburgh, where he was awarded a PhD in 1955 under the supervision of R.A. Beatty, and C. H. Waddington. [5]

Career and research

After a year as a postdoctoral research fellow at the California Institute of Technology he joined the scientific staff of the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill. After a further year at the University of Glasgow, in 1963 he moved to the University of Cambridge as Ford Foundation Research Fellow at the Department of Physiology, and a member of Churchill College, Cambridge. He was appointed Reader in physiology in 1969.[15]

Human fertilisation

Further information: in vitro fertilisation

Circa 1960 Edwards started to study human fertilisation, and he continued his work at Cambridge, laying the groundwork for his later success. In 1968 he was able to achieve fertilisation of a human egg in the laboratory and started to collaborate with Patrick Steptoe, a gynaecological surgeon from Oldham. Edwards developed human culture media to allow the fertilisation and early embryo culture, while Steptoe used laparoscopy to recover ovocytes from patients with tubal infertility. Their attempts met significant hostility and opposition,[16] including a refusal of the Medical Research Council to fund their research and a number of lawsuits.[17][18] Roger Gosden was one of his first graduate students.[4]

The birth of Louise Brown, the world's first 'test-tube baby', at 11:47 pm on 25 July 1978 at the Oldham General Hospital made medical history: in vitro fertilisation meant a new way to help infertile couples who formerly had no possibility of having a baby. Nurse Jean Purdy was the first to see Brown's embryo dividing.[19]

 
Bourn Hall Clinic

Refinements in technology have increased pregnancy rates and it is estimated that in 2010 about 4 million children have been born by IVF,[11] with approximately 170,000 coming from donated oocyte and embryos.[20][21][22] Their breakthrough laid the groundwork for further innovations such as intracytoplasmatic sperm injection ICSI, embryo biopsy (PGD), and stem cell research.

Edwards and Steptoe founded the Bourn Hall Clinic as a place to advance their work and train new specialists. Steptoe died in 1988. Edwards continued on in his career as a scientist and an editor of medical journals.

Honours and awards

Edwards received numerous honours and awards including:

  • Edwards was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1984.[3][4]
  • In 1994, Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Valencia (Spain).
  • In 2001, he was awarded the Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award by the Lasker Foundation "for the development of in vitro fertilization, a technological advance that has revolutionized the treatment of human infertility."[23]
  • In 2002, he was awarded Grand Hamdan International Award - Obstetrics & Gynecology by Hamdan Medical Award.[24]
  • In 2007, he was ranked 26th in The Daily Telegraph's list of 100 greatest living geniuses.[25]
  • In 2007, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Huddersfield.
  • On 4 October 2010, it was announced that Edwards had been awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the development of in-vitro fertilisation.[11] The Nobel Committee praised him for advancing treatment of infertility and noted that babies of IVF have similar health statuses to other babies.[26] Göran K. Hansson, secretary of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, announced the news.[26] The first child of IVF Louise Brown described the award as "fantastic news".[27] A Vatican official condemned the move as "completely out of order".[27][28] As mentioned by Simon Fishel, "In December 2010, at the Nobel awards ceremony that was full of pathos in Bob's absence, these precious words were spoken, 'In the absence of this year's Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, I ask Professor Edwards' wife and long-term scientific companion, Dr Ruth Fowler Edwards, to come forward and receive his Prize from the hands of His Majesty the King'".[29]”
  • Edwards was knighted in the 2011 Birthday Honours for services to human reproductive biology.[30][31]
  • Edwards featured in the BBC Radio 4 series The New Elizabethans to mark the diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II in 2012. A panel of seven academics, journalists and historians named him among the group of people in the UK "whose actions during the reign of Elizabeth II have had a significant impact on lives in these islands and given the age its character".[32]

Personal life

Edwards married Ruth Fowler Edwards (1930–2013), also a scientist with significant work, granddaughter of 1908 Nobel laureate physicist Ernest Rutherford and daughter of physicist Ralph Fowler, in 1956.[33] The couple had five daughters and 12 grandchildren.[34]

Death

Edwards died at home near Cambridge, England[34] on 10 April 2013 after a long lung illness.[35] A spokesperson for the University of Cambridge said "He will be greatly missed by family, friends and colleagues."[36] The Guardian reported that, as of Edwards' death, more than four million births had resulted from IVF.[36] Louise Brown said "His work, along with Patrick Steptoe, has brought happiness and joy to millions of people all over the world by enabling them to have children."[37] According to the BBC, his work was motivated by his belief that "the most important thing in life is having a child."[37]

A plaque was unveiled at the Bourn Hall Clinic in July 2013 by Louise Brown and Alastair MacDonald – the world's first IVF baby boy – commemorating Steptoe and Edwards.[38][39]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "EDWARDS, Sir Robert (Geoffrey)". Who's Who. ukwhoswho.com. Vol. 2014 (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Robert Edwards profile at Lasker Foundation
  3. ^ a b c Gardner, Richard (2015). "Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards CBE. 27 September 1925 – 10 April 2013". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society. 61: 81–102. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2014.0020. ISSN 0080-4606.
  4. ^ a b c d Johnson, M. H. (2011). "Robert Edwards: The path to IVF". Reproductive BioMedicine Online. 23 (2): 245–262. doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.04.010. PMC 3171154. PMID 21680248.
  5. ^ a b Edwards, Robert Geoffrey (1955). The experimental induction of heteroploidy in the mouse (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/13774. OCLC 606113063. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.649897.  
  6. ^ Surani, M. A. H. (1975). Modulation of Implanting Rat Blastocysts to Macromolecular Secretions of the Uterus. ethos.bl.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 500574338. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.474243.
  7. ^ Fisher, S. J.; Giudice, L. C. (2013). "Robert G. Edwards (1925–2013)". Science. 340 (6134): 825. Bibcode:2013Sci...340..825F. doi:10.1126/science.1239644. PMID 23687039. S2CID 34150798.
  8. ^ Edwards, R. G. (1996). "Patrick Christopher Steptoe, C. B. E. 9 June 1913 – 22 March 1988". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 42: 435–52. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1996.0027. PMID 11619339.
  9. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Steptoe, P. C.; Edwards, R. G. (1978). "Birth After the Reimplantation of a Human Embryo". The Lancet. 312 (8085): 366. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(78)92957-4. PMID 79723. S2CID 31119969.
    • "1978: First 'test tube baby' born". BBC. 25 July 1978. Retrieved 13 June 2009. The birth of the world's first "test tube baby" has been announced in Manchester (England). Louise Brown was born shortly before midnight in Oldham and District General Hospital
    • Moreton, Cole (14 January 2007). "World's first test-tube baby Louise Brown has a child of her own". Independent. London. Retrieved 22 May 2010. The 28-year-old, whose pioneering conception by in-vitro fertilisation made her famous around the world ... The fertility specialists Patrick Steptoe and Bob Edwards became the first to successfully carry out IVF by extracting an egg, impregnating it with sperm and planting the resulting embryo back into the mother.
  10. ^ Fraser L. R. (2000). "In Appreciation of Professor R. G. Edwards, Founding Editor of the Human Reproduction Journals". MHR: Basic Science of Reproductive Medicine. 6 (5): 3. doi:10.1093/molehr/6.5.3. PMID 10775640.
  11. ^ a b c "The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – Press Release". Nobelprize.org. 4 October 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  12. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Jones Jr, H. W.; Gosden, R. G. (2013). "Professor Sir Robert Edwards, 1925–2013". Fertility and Sterility. 99 (7): 1799–800. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.04.042. PMID 23726252.
    • Johnson, M. H.; Franklin, S. B.; Cottingham, M.; Hopwood, N. (2010). "Why the Medical Research Council refused Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe support for research on human conception in 1971". Human Reproduction. 25 (9): 2157–74. doi:10.1093/humrep/deq155. PMC 2922998. PMID 20657027.
  13. ^ "SLA Biomedical & Life Sciences Division Blog: Robert G. Edwards : 2010 Nobel Prize Winner in Physiology or Medicine". Sla-divisions.typepad.com. 7 October 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  14. ^ "Health Zone 24×7 – Health – Fitness – Medicine – Medical". Healthzone24x7.blogspot.com. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  15. ^ "Professor Sir Robert Edwards". The Daily Telegraph. 10 April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  16. ^ Myers, P. Z. (4 October 2010). . Archived from the original on 7 October 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  17. ^ Wade, Nicholas (4 October 2010). "Pioneer of in Vitro Fertilization Wins Nobel Prize". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
  18. ^ Joseph D. Schulman, M.D., 2010. "Robert G. Edwards – A Personal Viewpoint" ISBN 1456320750
  19. ^ Weule, Genelle (25 July 2018). "The first IVF baby was born 40 years ago today". ABC News. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
  20. ^
  21. ^ . Obgmanagement.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  22. ^ . TheAFA.org. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  23. ^ . Laskerfoundation.org. 16 September 2007. Archived from the original on 9 October 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  24. ^ "Prof. Robert G Edwards - Sheikh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Award for Medical Sciences - HMA". www.hmaward.org.ae. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  25. ^ "Top 100 living geniuses". The Daily Telegraph. London. 28 October 2007. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  26. ^ a b . The Times of India. 5 October 2010. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
  27. ^ a b "Vatican official criticises Nobel win for IVF pioneer". BBC News. 4 October 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  28. ^ "Vatican slams Nobel win for IVF doc". The Sydney Morning Herald. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
  29. ^ Fishel, S. (2014). "Ruth Fowler (1930–2013)". Reproductive BioMedicine Online. 28: 3–4. doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.10.005.
  30. ^ "No. 59808". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 June 2011. p. 1.
  31. ^ "Queen's birthday honours list: Knights". The Guardian. London. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
  32. ^ "The New Elizabethans – Robert Edwards". BBC. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  33. ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
  34. ^ a b Kolata, Gina (10 April 2013). "Robert G. Edwards Dies at 87; Changed Rules of Conception With First 'Test Tube Baby'". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  35. ^ "IVF pioneer dies". Cambridge News. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
  36. ^ a b Jones, Sam (10 April 2013). "IVF pioneer Robert Edwards dies aged 87". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
  37. ^ a b "Test-tube baby pioneer Sir Robert Edwards dies". BBC News. 10 April 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
  38. ^ . Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  39. ^ "News and events Bourn Hall".

External links

May 31, 2023
robert, edwards, physiologist, other, people, named, robert, edwards, robert, edwards, disambiguation, robert, geoffrey, edwards, september, 1925, april, 2013, british, physiologist, pioneer, reproductive, medicine, vitro, fertilisation, particular, along, wit. For other people named Robert Edwards see Robert Edwards disambiguation Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards CBE FRS MAE 3 4 7 27 September 1925 10 April 2013 was a British physiologist and pioneer in reproductive medicine and in vitro fertilisation IVF in particular Along with obstetrician and gynaecologist Patrick Steptoe 8 and nurse Jean Purdy Edwards successfully pioneered conception through IVF which led to the birth of Louise Brown on 25 July 1978 9 They founded the first IVF programme for infertile patients and trained other scientists in their techniques Edwards was the founding editor in chief of Human Reproduction in 1986 10 In 2010 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the development of in vitro fertilization 11 12 Sir Robert EdwardsFRS CBE MAEBornRobert Geoffrey Edwards 1925 09 27 27 September 1925 1 Batley EnglandDied10 April 2013 2013 04 10 aged 87 near Cambridge EnglandAlma materBangor University BSc University of Edinburgh PhD Known forPioneering in vitro fertilisationSpouseRuth Fowler m 1959 wbr 1 AwardsKnight Bachelor 2011 Nobel Prize 2010 Lasker Award 2001 2 3 4 Scientific careerFieldsPhysiology Reproductive medicineInstitutionsUniversity of Cambridge University of Edinburgh Bangor University National Institute for Medical Research University of Glasgow California Institute of Technology Churchill College Cambridge Bourn Hall ClinicThesisThe experimental induction of heteroploidy in the mouse 1955 Doctoral advisorR A BeattyC H Waddington 5 Doctoral studentsRichard Gardner embryologist Martin Hume JohnsonRoger GosdenAzim Surani 6 Websitenobelprize wbr org wbr nobel wbr prizes wbr medicine wbr laureates wbr 2010 Contents 1 Education and early career 2 Career and research 2 1 Human fertilisation 2 2 Honours and awards 3 Personal life 3 1 Death 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksEducation and early career EditEdwards was born in Batley Yorkshire and attended Manchester Central High School 1 on Whitworth Street in central Manchester after which he served in the British Army and then completed his undergraduate studies in biology graduating with an Ordinary degree at Bangor University 13 14 He studied at the Institute of Animal Genetics and Embryology at the University of Edinburgh where he was awarded a PhD in 1955 under the supervision of R A Beatty and C H Waddington 5 Career and research EditAfter a year as a postdoctoral research fellow at the California Institute of Technology he joined the scientific staff of the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill After a further year at the University of Glasgow in 1963 he moved to the University of Cambridge as Ford Foundation Research Fellow at the Department of Physiology and a member of Churchill College Cambridge He was appointed Reader in physiology in 1969 15 Human fertilisation Edit Further information in vitro fertilisation Circa 1960 Edwards started to study human fertilisation and he continued his work at Cambridge laying the groundwork for his later success In 1968 he was able to achieve fertilisation of a human egg in the laboratory and started to collaborate with Patrick Steptoe a gynaecological surgeon from Oldham Edwards developed human culture media to allow the fertilisation and early embryo culture while Steptoe used laparoscopy to recover ovocytes from patients with tubal infertility Their attempts met significant hostility and opposition 16 including a refusal of the Medical Research Council to fund their research and a number of lawsuits 17 18 Roger Gosden was one of his first graduate students 4 The birth of Louise Brown the world s first test tube baby at 11 47 pm on 25 July 1978 at the Oldham General Hospital made medical history in vitro fertilisation meant a new way to help infertile couples who formerly had no possibility of having a baby Nurse Jean Purdy was the first to see Brown s embryo dividing 19 Bourn Hall Clinic Refinements in technology have increased pregnancy rates and it is estimated that in 2010 about 4 million children have been born by IVF 11 with approximately 170 000 coming from donated oocyte and embryos 20 21 22 Their breakthrough laid the groundwork for further innovations such as intracytoplasmatic sperm injection ICSI embryo biopsy PGD and stem cell research Edwards and Steptoe founded the Bourn Hall Clinic as a place to advance their work and train new specialists Steptoe died in 1988 Edwards continued on in his career as a scientist and an editor of medical journals Honours and awards Edit Edwards received numerous honours and awards including Edwards was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society FRS in 1984 3 4 In 1994 Doctor Honoris Causa University of Valencia Spain In 2001 he was awarded the Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award by the Lasker Foundation for the development of in vitro fertilization a technological advance that has revolutionized the treatment of human infertility 23 In 2002 he was awarded Grand Hamdan International Award Obstetrics amp Gynecology by Hamdan Medical Award 24 In 2007 he was ranked 26th in The Daily Telegraph s list of 100 greatest living geniuses 25 In 2007 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Huddersfield On 4 October 2010 it was announced that Edwards had been awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the development of in vitro fertilisation 11 The Nobel Committee praised him for advancing treatment of infertility and noted that babies of IVF have similar health statuses to other babies 26 Goran K Hansson secretary of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm announced the news 26 The first child of IVF Louise Brown described the award as fantastic news 27 A Vatican official condemned the move as completely out of order 27 28 As mentioned by Simon Fishel In December 2010 at the Nobel awards ceremony that was full of pathos in Bob s absence these precious words were spoken In the absence of this year s Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine I ask Professor Edwards wife and long term scientific companion Dr Ruth Fowler Edwards to come forward and receive his Prize from the hands of His Majesty the King 29 Edwards was knighted in the 2011 Birthday Honours for services to human reproductive biology 30 31 Edwards featured in the BBC Radio 4 series The New Elizabethans to mark the diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II in 2012 A panel of seven academics journalists and historians named him among the group of people in the UK whose actions during the reign of Elizabeth II have had a significant impact on lives in these islands and given the age its character 32 Personal life EditEdwards married Ruth Fowler Edwards 1930 2013 also a scientist with significant work granddaughter of 1908 Nobel laureate physicist Ernest Rutherford and daughter of physicist Ralph Fowler in 1956 33 The couple had five daughters and 12 grandchildren 34 Death Edit Edwards died at home near Cambridge England 34 on 10 April 2013 after a long lung illness 35 A spokesperson for the University of Cambridge said He will be greatly missed by family friends and colleagues 36 The Guardian reported that as of Edwards death more than four million births had resulted from IVF 36 Louise Brown said His work along with Patrick Steptoe has brought happiness and joy to millions of people all over the world by enabling them to have children 37 According to the BBC his work was motivated by his belief that the most important thing in life is having a child 37 A plaque was unveiled at the Bourn Hall Clinic in July 2013 by Louise Brown and Alastair MacDonald the world s first IVF baby boy commemorating Steptoe and Edwards 38 39 See also EditFernando Bonilla MusolesReferences Edit a b c EDWARDS Sir Robert Geoffrey Who s Who ukwhoswho com Vol 2014 online Oxford University Press ed A amp C Black an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc Subscription or UK public library membership required subscription required Robert Edwards profile at Lasker Foundation a b c Gardner Richard 2015 Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards CBE 27 September 1925 10 April 2013 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society Royal Society 61 81 102 doi 10 1098 rsbm 2014 0020 ISSN 0080 4606 a b c d Johnson M H 2011 Robert Edwards The path to IVF Reproductive BioMedicine Online 23 2 245 262 doi 10 1016 j rbmo 2011 04 010 PMC 3171154 PMID 21680248 a b Edwards Robert Geoffrey 1955 The experimental induction of heteroploidy in the mouse PhD thesis University of Edinburgh hdl 1842 13774 OCLC 606113063 EThOS uk bl ethos 649897 Surani M A H 1975 Modulation of Implanting Rat Blastocysts to Macromolecular Secretions of the Uterus ethos bl uk PhD thesis University of Cambridge OCLC 500574338 EThOS uk bl ethos 474243 Fisher S J Giudice L C 2013 Robert G Edwards 1925 2013 Science 340 6134 825 Bibcode 2013Sci 340 825F doi 10 1126 science 1239644 PMID 23687039 S2CID 34150798 Edwards R G 1996 Patrick Christopher Steptoe C B E 9 June 1913 22 March 1988 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 42 435 52 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1996 0027 PMID 11619339 Multiple sources Steptoe P C Edwards R G 1978 Birth After the Reimplantation of a Human Embryo The Lancet 312 8085 366 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 78 92957 4 PMID 79723 S2CID 31119969 1978 First test tube baby born BBC 25 July 1978 Retrieved 13 June 2009 The birth of the world s first test tube baby has been announced in Manchester England Louise Brown was born shortly before midnight in Oldham and District General Hospital Moreton Cole 14 January 2007 World s first test tube baby Louise Brown has a child of her own Independent London Retrieved 22 May 2010 The 28 year old whose pioneering conception by in vitro fertilisation made her famous around the world The fertility specialists Patrick Steptoe and Bob Edwards became the first to successfully carry out IVF by extracting an egg impregnating it with sperm and planting the resulting embryo back into the mother Fraser L R 2000 In Appreciation of Professor R G Edwards Founding Editor of the Human Reproduction Journals MHR Basic Science of Reproductive Medicine 6 5 3 doi 10 1093 molehr 6 5 3 PMID 10775640 a b c The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Press Release Nobelprize org 4 October 2010 Retrieved 4 October 2010 Multiple sources Jones Jr H W Gosden R G 2013 Professor Sir Robert Edwards 1925 2013 Fertility and Sterility 99 7 1799 800 doi 10 1016 j fertnstert 2013 04 042 PMID 23726252 Johnson M H Franklin S B Cottingham M Hopwood N 2010 Why the Medical Research Council refused Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe support for research on human conception in 1971 Human Reproduction 25 9 2157 74 doi 10 1093 humrep deq155 PMC 2922998 PMID 20657027 SLA Biomedical amp Life Sciences Division Blog Robert G Edwards 2010 Nobel Prize Winner in Physiology or Medicine Sla divisions typepad com 7 October 2010 Retrieved 14 April 2013 Health Zone 24 7 Health Fitness Medicine Medical Healthzone24x7 blogspot com Retrieved 14 April 2013 Professor Sir Robert Edwards The Daily Telegraph 10 April 2013 Retrieved 14 April 2013 Myers P Z 4 October 2010 A surprising Nobel Archived from the original on 7 October 2010 Retrieved 4 October 2010 Wade Nicholas 4 October 2010 Pioneer of in Vitro Fertilization Wins Nobel Prize The New York Times Retrieved 5 October 2010 Joseph D Schulman M D 2010 Robert G Edwards A Personal Viewpoint ISBN 1456320750 Weule Genelle 25 July 2018 The first IVF baby was born 40 years ago today ABC News Retrieved 25 July 2018 First live birth donation Home OBG Management Obgmanagement com Archived from the original on 8 October 2007 Retrieved 14 April 2013 Library TheAFA org Archived from the original on 22 September 2013 Retrieved 14 April 2013 Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research 2001 Laskerfoundation org 16 September 2007 Archived from the original on 9 October 2010 Retrieved 4 October 2010 Prof Robert G Edwards Sheikh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Award for Medical Sciences HMA www hmaward org ae Retrieved 5 April 2023 Top 100 living geniuses The Daily Telegraph London 28 October 2007 Retrieved 4 October 2010 a b Nobel in medicine for IVF pioneer The Times of India 5 October 2010 Archived from the original on 4 November 2012 Retrieved 5 October 2010 a b Vatican official criticises Nobel win for IVF pioneer BBC News 4 October 2010 Retrieved 4 October 2010 Vatican slams Nobel win for IVF doc The Sydney Morning Herald 5 October 2010 Retrieved 5 October 2010 Fishel S 2014 Ruth Fowler 1930 2013 Reproductive BioMedicine Online 28 3 4 doi 10 1016 j rbmo 2013 10 005 No 59808 The London Gazette Supplement 11 June 2011 p 1 Queen s birthday honours list Knights The Guardian London 11 June 2011 Retrieved 11 June 2011 The New Elizabethans Robert Edwards BBC Retrieved 29 May 2016 Index entry FreeBMD ONS Retrieved 12 April 2013 a b Kolata Gina 10 April 2013 Robert G Edwards Dies at 87 Changed Rules of Conception With First Test Tube Baby The New York Times Retrieved 13 April 2013 IVF pioneer dies Cambridge News Retrieved 10 April 2013 a b Jones Sam 10 April 2013 IVF pioneer Robert Edwards dies aged 87 The Guardian Retrieved 10 April 2013 a b Test tube baby pioneer Sir Robert Edwards dies BBC News 10 April 2013 Retrieved 10 April 2013 Oldham News News Headlines World s first test tube baby hails pioneers on 35th birthday Chronicle Online Archived from the original on 6 November 2016 Retrieved 6 November 2016 News and events Bourn Hall External links EditRobert G Edwards on Nobelprize org Papers of Sir Robert Edwards and associated papers held at Churchill Archives Centre Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Robert Edwards physiologist amp oldid 1154825950, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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