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Richard M. Osgood Jr.

November 17, 2023

Richard Magee Osgood Jr. (December 28, 1943 – October 20, 2023) was an American applied and pure physicist (condensed matter and chemical physics of surfaces, laser technology, nano-optics). He was Higgins Professor of Electrical Engineering[1] and Applied Physics[2] at Columbia University.

Life and career edit

Richard Magee Osgood Jr. was born on December 28, 1943.[3] He began his scientific career in 1966, after graduating from the U.S. Military Academy with a bachelor's degree in 1965. He obtained a master's degree in 1968 from the Ohio State University. In 1973 he graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ph.D. in physics. From 1973 to 1981, he then was on the scientific staff of MIT Lincoln Laboratory. In 1981 he was appointed to the faculty of Columbia University and in 1988 he was made "Higgins Professor"[1] at Columbia University. From 1984 to 1990, he served as Co-Director of the Columbia Radiation Laboratory[4][5] and in 1986 was founder and until 1990 director of the Microelectronics Sciences Laboratories (MSL) at Columbia University.[6]

In 1980 he served on the "Ad Hoc" U.S. Department of Energy Committee for laser isotope separation. From 1984 to 2001 he was an advisor to the Laser and Laser and Chemistry Divisions of Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory.[7] From 1985 to 2002, he was on the advisory board of the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA Defense Sciences Research Council). From 2000 to 2002 he served as associate director of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (Basic Energy Sciences Directorate)[8] and in 2002 Acting Director of the Nanoscience Centre. During this period DOE agreed to build the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven and the Department of Materials Science was initiated. He was in the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Board of the Department of Energy (DOE) in the mid-1980s.

Osgood was married to Alice (née Dyson) and had three children, Richard M. III, a physicist, Nathaniel D., a computer scientist, and Jennifer Smestad, an attorney. He also had six grandchildren. Richard M. Osgood Jr. died on October 20, 2023, at the age of 79.[9]

Work edit

His research falls into two broad areas: 1. Condensed matter and chemical physics studies of surfaces; 2. Optical physics and devices. Thus his research has included extensive studies in basic studies in optical-excited and -probed surface physics and chemistry, in the development of new infrared and UV lasers, optical physics, application of lasers for material processing.

His major research highlights are as follows.

He, along with William Eppers, developed the first high power CO laser[10][11] (a quantum cascade gas laser), as well as other infrared lasers including the first high powered 16 um laser for isotope separation. In 1979 he developed with Daniel Ehrlich and Peter Moulton a UV solid-state laser, then the optically pumped solid-state laser with the shortest wavelength.[12]

Osgood, along with Ali Javan, made the first direct observation of vibrational-vibrational energy transfer and exchange in hydrogen halides.[13][14][15] Later he made the first direct observation (with Steven Brueck) of vibration energy flow in molecules in cryogenic liquids the studies.[16][17] A notable results of this work was the observation of the extremely long (60s) lifetime of N2[18] in its cryogenic state.

In the late 1970s, he, along with Thomas F. Deutsch and Daniel J. Ehrlich,[19][20][21][22] demonstrated submicrometer-scale chemical processing of the surfaces of electronic materials.[23] These experiments demonstrated deposition of metals, etching of semiconductors, and doping of semiconductors. One these methods, laser-induced Si etching[19] with micrometer resolution with an argon-ion laser, which heated the surface and induced chemical reactions in a chlorine gas or hydrogen chloride gas atmosphere,[19] was later commercialized by Revise, a US semiconductor equipment company founded by Daniel Ehrlich and Kenneth Nill. He and his collaborators also developed techniques for producing spatially defined thin metal films with laser-induced photodissociation.[20][21][22]

His work on use of laser micro- (and same cases nano-) chemistry for the processing of electronic materials led to his research examining the fundamental physics and chemistry of laser microchemistry, including the nature of the photodissociation in adsorbed films,[24][25] the role of surface plasmons in surface photochemistry,[26][27] and the role of electron-hole pair chemistry and surface[24][28] interactions in orienting surface species.

From 1998 to 2014 he and Miguel Levy developed ion-based "lift-off" methods for single-crystalline thin films, for example, ion-implantation of He to generate (Crystal Ion Slicing) slicing of metal-oxide films (garnets[25][29] and ferroelectrics). These garnet thin films were shown to be useful for optical isolators.

In 2001, he, along with Mike Steel, developed novel photonic crystal fibers (photonic crystal fibers, PCF) with an elliptical cavity shape of the tubes[30][31] and features such as high birefringence with a stable single-mode operation (zero walk off).

In 2002 he pioneered in developing Si photonics wires on silicon on insulator for new compact passive, active, and optical new linear device.[32] His work in nonlinear Si photonics with his students and Jerry Dadap and Nicolae Panoiu is described in this reference. His group carried out the initial studies of linear and nonlinear Si-nanowire-photonics, including in 2001 Raman amplification (optical amplifier) in SOI technology (silicon-on-insulator, that is, silicon wires on an insulating underlay, with dimensions in the sub-micron range)[33] In addition, he developed a high-speed Si thermooptical switch and demonstrated diode-pumped fourwave mixing in the waveguides.[34] In later work, he, along with students and colleagues at IBM Watson Lab, demonstrated the first high gain optical parametric oscillator using an optically pumped Si-wire waveguide.[35] This device operated above the two-photon absorption threshold and thus was not impaired by this nonlinear-loss mechanism.

His research into Si wire waveguides, as well as his earlier work on III-V waveguide devices, led to a major effort to develop a more effective integrated optics design tool that was commonly available at the time.[36][37] The computational optical simulation work led to the founding of RSoft by Robert Scarmozzino, a major integrated optical simulation company.

In 2005, he, along with Steve Brueck, Nicholae Panoiu, S. Zhang, and W. Fan, demonstrated with the first observation of near infrared.[38][39] negative refractive index metamaterials.

His research in light interactions with surfaces and this crystal layers led to a series of important experiments showing the role of surface dipoles to orient molecules for anisotropic photo- and electron fragmentation and the importance of coverage in controlling the fragmentation mechanism of surface bound molecules in the presence of UV illuminations, and finally (as mentioned earlier) the role of surface plasmons in enhancing and localizing surface photoreactions. In addition, his research using two-photon photoemission with pulsed UV lasers was instrumental in early studies of image states on vicinal single-crystal metal surfaces.[40][41][42] More recently in collaboration with Kevin Knox, Wencan Jin, Po-chun Yeh, Nader Zaki and Jerry Dadap, he used tightly focused UV photoemission based on a SPE-LEEM system to carry out the first photoemission studies of exfoliated graphene and transition metal dichalogide single samples and the influence of surface corrugation and layer number on sample electronic structure.[43][44][45][46]

As of November 11, 2015, Osgood's publications have been cited 13,696 times, and he has an h-index of 65.[47]

Awards edit

While at MIT, he was awarded a Hertz Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship.[48] In 1989, he was awarded John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship[49] for studies in Light Surface Interactions.

In 1969 he received the Samuel Burka Award[50] of the US Avionics Laboratory[51] and the 1991 R. W. Wood Prize.[52] He was a Fellow of the Optical Society,[53] the IEEE[54] and the American Physical Society (APS).[55]

1991 to 1993 he was Distinguished Traveling Lecturer of the APS and 1986-1987 for IEEE CLEO and he was Plenary Speaker at the OITDA (Japanese Optoelectronic Industry and Technology Development Association).

1981 to 1988 he was Associate Editor of the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics and was on the editorial advisory board of the Springer Series in Materials Science.

References edit

  1. ^ a b Richard M. Osgood Jr. on ee.columbia.edu
  2. ^ Richard M. Osgood, Jr. on apam.columbia.edu
  3. ^ data on People of the American Men and Women of Science, Thomson Gale 2004
  4. ^ . www.bnl.gov. Archived from the original on 2002-02-25.
  5. ^ "Osgood Appointed Radiation Lab Co-Director". 28 April 2017.
  6. ^ "The Osgood Group, A Hot-Bed of Research". 28 April 2017.
  7. ^ Avoiding Surprise in an Era of Global Technology Advances. July 2005. ISBN 9780309096058.
  8. ^ Richard Osgood Jr. Named Head of Brookhaven Lab1s Basic Energy Sciences on bnl.gov, July 12, 2000
  9. ^ "Dr. Richard M. Osgood Jr". West Point. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  10. ^ Osgood, R. M.; Eppers, W. C. (1968-12-15). "High Power CO–N2–He Laser". Applied Physics Letters. AIP Publishing. 13 (12): 409–411. Bibcode:1968ApPhL..13..409O. doi:10.1063/1.1652494. ISSN 0003-6951.
  11. ^ Osgood, R.; Eppers, W.; Nichols, E. (1970). "An investigation of the high-power CO laser". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 6 (3): 145–154. Bibcode:1970IJQE....6..145O. doi:10.1109/jqe.1970.1076425. ISSN 0018-9197.
  12. ^ Ehrlich, D. J.; Moulton, P. F.; Osgood, R. M. (1979-06-01). "Ultraviolet solid-state Ce:YLF laser at 325 nm". Optics Letters. The Optical Society. 4 (6): 184–6. Bibcode:1979OptL....4..184E. doi:10.1364/ol.4.000184. ISSN 0146-9592. PMID 19687843.
  13. ^ Osgood, R.M.; Javan, A.; Sackett, P. B. (1972-06-15). "Measurement of Vibration-Vibration Energy Transfer Time in HF Gas". Applied Physics Letters. AIP Publishing. 20 (12): 469–472. Bibcode:1972ApPhL..20..469O. doi:10.1063/1.1654020. ISSN 0003-6951.
  14. ^ Ernst, K.; Osgood, R.M.; Javan, A.; Sackett, P.B. (1973). "Measurement of the vibrational-virbrational exchange time (v = 2) for DF Gas". Chemical Physics Letters. Elsevier BV. 23 (4): 553–556. Bibcode:1973CPL....23..553E. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(73)89027-x. ISSN 0009-2614.
  15. ^ Osgood, R. M.; Sackett, P. B.; Javan, A. (1974-02-15). "Measurement of vibrational-vibrational exchange rates for excited vibrational levels (2≤v≤4) in hydrogen fluoride gas". The Journal of Chemical Physics. AIP Publishing. 60 (4): 1464–1480. doi:10.1063/1.1681220. ISSN 0021-9606.
  16. ^ Brueck, S.R.J.; Deutsch, T.F.; Osgood, R.M. (1977). "Vibrational energy relaxation of CH3F dissolved in liquid O2 and Ar". Chemical Physics Letters. Elsevier BV. 51 (2): 339–343. Bibcode:1977CPL....51..339B. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(77)80416-8. ISSN 0009-2614.
  17. ^ Brueck, S. R. J.; Osgood, R. M. (1978). "Vibrational energy relaxation and exchange in liquid N2–CO–OCS mixtures". The Journal of Chemical Physics. AIP Publishing. 68 (11): 4941–4949. Bibcode:1978JChPh..68.4941B. doi:10.1063/1.435652. ISSN 0021-9606.
  18. ^ Brueck, S.R.J.; Osgood, R.M. (1976). "Vibrational energy relaxation in liquid N2-CO mixtures". Chemical Physics Letters. Elsevier BV. 39 (3): 568–572. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(76)80331-4. ISSN 0009-2614.
  19. ^ a b c Ehrlich, D. J.; Osgood, R. M.; Deutsch, T. F. (1981-06-15). "Laser chemical technique for rapid direct writing of surface relief in silicon". Applied Physics Letters. AIP Publishing. 38 (12): 1018–1020. Bibcode:1981ApPhL..38.1018E. doi:10.1063/1.92228. ISSN 0003-6951.
  20. ^ a b Ehrlich, D.; Osgood, R.; Deutsch, T. (1980). "Laser microphotochemistry for use in solid-state electronics". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 16 (11): 1233–1243. Bibcode:1980IJQE...16.1233E. doi:10.1109/jqe.1980.1070386. ISSN 0018-9197.
  21. ^ a b Deutsch, T. F.; Ehrlich, D. J.; Osgood, R. M. (1979-07-15). "Laser photodeposition of metal films with microscopic features". Applied Physics Letters. AIP Publishing. 35 (2): 175–177. Bibcode:1979ApPhL..35..175D. doi:10.1063/1.91026. ISSN 0003-6951.
  22. ^ a b Ehrlich, D. J.; Osgood, R. M.; Deutsch, T. F. (1982). "Photodeposition of metal films with ultraviolet laser light". Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology. American Vacuum Society. 21 (1): 23–32. Bibcode:1982JVST...21...23E. doi:10.1116/1.571724. ISSN 0022-5355.
  23. ^ K. Ibbs, R. M. Osgood Jr., eds., Laser Chemical Processing for Microelectronics (Cambridge, 1988)
  24. ^ a b Camillone, Nicholas; Khan, Khalid A.; Yarmoff, Jory A.; Osgood, Richard M. (2001-07-11). "Surface-Reconstruction-Switched Adsorbate Photofragmentation Dynamics". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society (APS). 87 (5): 056101. Bibcode:2001PhRvL..87e6101C. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.87.056101. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 11497789.
  25. ^ a b Levy, M.; Osgood, R. M.; Kumar, A.; Bakhru, H. (1997-11-03). "Epitaxial liftoff of thin oxide layers: Yttrium iron garnets onto GaAs". Applied Physics Letters. AIP Publishing. 71 (18): 2617–2619. Bibcode:1997ApPhL..71.2617L. doi:10.1063/1.120192. ISSN 0003-6951.
  26. ^ Osgood, R. M.; Ehrlich, D. J. (1982-08-01). "Optically induced microstructures in laser-photodeposited metal films". Optics Letters. The Optical Society. 7 (8): 385–7. Bibcode:1982OptL....7..385O. doi:10.1364/ol.7.000385. ISSN 0146-9592. PMID 19714030.
  27. ^ Chen, C. J.; Osgood, R. M. (1983-05-23). "Direct Observation of the Local-Field-Enhanced Surface Photochemical Reactions". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society (APS). 50 (21): 1705–1708. Bibcode:1983PhRvL..50.1705C. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.50.1705. ISSN 0031-9007.
  28. ^ Yang, Q. Y.; Schwarz, W. N.; Lasky, P. J.; Hood, S. C.; Loo, N. L.; Osgood, R. M. (1994-05-09). "Highly anisotropic angular dependence of CH3 fragmentation from electron-transfer reactions on CH3Br/GaAs(110)". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society (APS). 72 (19): 3068–3071. Bibcode:1994PhRvL..72.3068Y. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.72.3068. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10056059.
  29. ^ Levy, M.; Osgood, R. M.; Liu, R.; Cross, L. E.; Cargill, G. S.; Kumar, A.; Bakhru, H. (1998-10-19). "Fabrication of single-crystal lithium niobate films by crystal ion slicing". Applied Physics Letters. AIP Publishing. 73 (16): 2293–2295. Bibcode:1998ApPhL..73.2293L. doi:10.1063/1.121801. ISSN 0003-6951.
  30. ^ Steel, M. J.; Osgood, R. M. (2001-02-15). "Elliptical-hole photonic crystal fibers". Optics Letters. The Optical Society. 26 (4): 229–31. Bibcode:2001OptL...26..229S. doi:10.1364/ol.26.000229. ISSN 0146-9592. PMID 18033556.
  31. ^ Steel, M.J.; Osgood, R.M. (2001). "Polarization and dispersive properties of elliptical-hole photonic crystal fibers". Journal of Lightwave Technology. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 19 (4): 495–503. Bibcode:2001JLwT...19..495S. doi:10.1109/50.920847. ISSN 0733-8724.
  32. ^ Osgood, Jr., R. M.; Panoiu, N. C.; Dadap, J. I.; Liu, Xiaoping; Chen, Xiaogang; Hsieh, I-Wei; Dulkeith, E.; Green, W. M.; Vlasov, Y. A. (2009-01-01). "Engineering nonlinearities in nanoscale optical systems: physics and applications in dispersion-engineered silicon nanophotonic wires". Advances in Optics and Photonics. The Optical Society. 1 (1): 162–235. Bibcode:2009AdOP....1..162O. doi:10.1364/aop.1.000162. ISSN 1943-8206.
  33. ^ Espinola, Richard L.; Dadap, Jerry I.; Osgood, Jr., Richard M.; McNab, Sharee J.; Vlasov, Yurii A. (2004). "Raman amplification in ultrasmall silicon-on-insulator wire waveguides". Optics Express. The Optical Society. 12 (16): 3713–8. Bibcode:2004OExpr..12.3713E. doi:10.1364/opex.12.003713. ISSN 1094-4087. PMID 19483903.
  34. ^ Espinola, R.L.; Tsai, M.C.; Yardley, J.T.; Osgood, R.M. (2003). "Fast and low-power thermooptic switch on thin silicon-on-insulator". IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 15 (10): 1366–1368. Bibcode:2003IPTL...15.1366E. doi:10.1109/lpt.2003.818246. ISSN 1041-1135. S2CID 43914613.
  35. ^ Liu, Xiaoping; Osgood, Richard M.; Vlasov, Yurii A.; Green, William M. J. (2010-05-23). "Mid-infrared optical parametric amplifier using silicon nanophotonic waveguides". Nature Photonics. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 4 (8): 557–560. arXiv:1001.1533. Bibcode:2010NaPho...4..557L. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.119. ISSN 1749-4885. S2CID 119267295.
  36. ^ Scarmozzino, R.; Osgood, R. M. (1991-05-01). "Comparison of finite-difference and Fourier-transform solutions of the parabolic wave equation with emphasis on integrated-optics applications". Journal of the Optical Society of America A. The Optical Society. 8 (5): 724. Bibcode:1991JOSAA...8..724S. doi:10.1364/josaa.8.000724. ISSN 1084-7529.
  37. ^ Ilic, I.; Scarmozzino, R.; Osgood, R.M. (1996). "Investigation of the Pade approximant-based wide-angle beam propagation method for accurate modeling of waveguiding circuits". Journal of Lightwave Technology. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 14 (12): 2813–2822. Bibcode:1996JLwT...14.2813I. doi:10.1109/50.545802. ISSN 0733-8724.
  38. ^ Zhang, Shuang; Fan, Wenjun; Panoiu, N. C.; Malloy, K. J.; Osgood, R. M.; Brueck, S. R. J. (2005-09-23). "Experimental Demonstration of Near-Infrared Negative-Index Metamaterials" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society (APS). 95 (13): 137404. arXiv:physics/0504208. Bibcode:2005PhRvL..95m7404Z. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.137404. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 16197179. S2CID 15246675.
  39. ^ Zhang, Shuang; Fan, Wenjun; Malloy, K. J.; Brueck, S.R. J.; Panoiu, N. C.; Osgood, R. M. (2005). "Near-infrared double negative metamaterials". Optics Express. The Optical Society. 13 (13): 4922–30. Bibcode:2005OExpr..13.4922Z. doi:10.1364/opex.13.004922. ISSN 1094-4087. PMID 19498480.
  40. ^ Smadici, Serban; Mocuta, Dan; Osgood, Richard M. (2004-01-29). "Lateral motion of image-state electrons for metal-adsorbate regions on stepped metal substrates". Physical Review B. American Physical Society (APS). 69 (3): 035415. Bibcode:2004PhRvB..69c5415S. doi:10.1103/physrevb.69.035415. ISSN 1098-0121.
  41. ^ Smadici, Serban; Osgood, Richard M. (2005-04-19). "Image-state electron scattering on flat Ag/Pt(111) and stepped Ag/Pt(997) metal surfaces". Physical Review B. American Physical Society (APS). 71 (16): 165424. Bibcode:2005PhRvB..71p5424S. doi:10.1103/physrevb.71.165424. ISSN 1098-0121.
  42. ^ R. M. Osgood Jr. and X. Wang, "Image States on Single-Crystal Metal Surfaces." Chapter in Solid State Physics, H. Ehrenreich and F. Spaepen, eds., (Academic Press, 1998)
  43. ^ Jin, Wencan; Yeh, Po-Chun; Zaki, Nader; Zhang, Datong; Sadowski, Jerzy T.; Al-Mahboob, Abdullah; van der Zande, Arend M.; Chenet, Daniel A.; Dadap, Jerry I.; Herman, Irving P.; Sutter, Peter; Hone, James; Osgood, Richard M. (2013-09-03). "Direct Measurement of the Thickness-Dependent Electronic Band Structure of MoS2 Using Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society (APS). 111 (10): 106801. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111j6801J. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.106801. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 25166690. S2CID 24455952.
  44. ^ Knox, Kevin R.; Locatelli, Andrea; Yilmaz, Mehmet B.; Cvetko, Dean; Menteş, Tevfik Onur; Niño, Miguel Ángel; Kim, Philip; Morgante, Alberto; Osgood, Richard M. (2011-09-01). "Making angle-resolved photoemission measurements on corrugated monolayer crystals: Suspended exfoliated single-crystal graphene". Physical Review B. American Physical Society (APS). 84 (11): 115401. arXiv:1104.2551. Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k5401K. doi:10.1103/physrevb.84.115401. ISSN 1098-0121. S2CID 18423887.
  45. ^ Knox, Kevin R.; Wang, Shancai; Morgante, Alberto; Cvetko, Dean; Locatelli, Andrea; Mentes, Tevfik Onur; Niño, Miguel Angel; Kim, Philip; Osgood, R. M. (2008-11-25). "Spectromicroscopy of single and multilayer graphene supported by a weakly interacting substrate". Physical Review B. American Physical Society (APS). 78 (20): 201408(R). arXiv:0806.0355. Bibcode:2008PhRvB..78t1408K. doi:10.1103/physrevb.78.201408. ISSN 1098-0121. S2CID 18295814.
  46. ^ Yeh, Po-Chun; Jin, Wencan; Zaki, Nader; Zhang, Datong; Sadowski, Jerzy T.; Al-Mahboob, Abdullah; van der Zande, Arend M.; Chenet, Daniel A.; Dadap, Jerry I.; Herman, Irving P.; Sutter, Peter; Hone, James; Osgood, Richard M. (2014-04-04). "Probing substrate-dependent long-range surface structure of single-layer and multilayer MoS2 by low-energy electron microscopy and microprobe diffraction". Physical Review B. American Physical Society (APS). 89 (15): 155408. Bibcode:2014PhRvB..89o5408Y. doi:10.1103/physrevb.89.155408. ISSN 1098-0121.
  47. ^ "Richard M Osgood Jr - Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2015-11-12.
  48. ^ . hertzfoundation.org. Archived from the original on 2011-09-26.
  49. ^ "John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Richard M. Osgood Jr".
  50. ^ Doughty, Robert A. (2014-12-18). Strength and Drive: The West Point Class of 1965. ISBN 9781496957313.
  51. ^ Robert A. Doughty: Strength and Drive. The West Point Class of 1965. 2014, ISBN 978-1-4969-5732-0, p. 260
  52. ^ R. W. Wood Prize on osa.org
  53. ^ Professional Society Fellows on ll.mit.edu
  54. ^ IEEE Membership Directory. 1995, p. 262
  55. ^ APS Fellowship on aps.org

External links edit

  • Website by Richard M. Osgood

November 17, 2023
richard, osgood, this, biographical, article, written, like, résumé, please, help, improve, revising, neutral, encyclopedic, august, 2018, richard, magee, osgood, december, 1943, october, 2023, american, applied, pure, physicist, condensed, matter, chemical, p. This biographical article is written like a resume Please help improve it by revising it to be neutral and encyclopedic August 2018 Richard Magee Osgood Jr December 28 1943 October 20 2023 was an American applied and pure physicist condensed matter and chemical physics of surfaces laser technology nano optics He was Higgins Professor of Electrical Engineering 1 and Applied Physics 2 at Columbia University Contents 1 Life and career 2 Work 3 Awards 4 References 5 External linksLife and career editRichard Magee Osgood Jr was born on December 28 1943 3 He began his scientific career in 1966 after graduating from the U S Military Academy with a bachelor s degree in 1965 He obtained a master s degree in 1968 from the Ohio State University In 1973 he graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ph D in physics From 1973 to 1981 he then was on the scientific staff of MIT Lincoln Laboratory In 1981 he was appointed to the faculty of Columbia University and in 1988 he was made Higgins Professor 1 at Columbia University From 1984 to 1990 he served as Co Director of the Columbia Radiation Laboratory 4 5 and in 1986 was founder and until 1990 director of the Microelectronics Sciences Laboratories MSL at Columbia University 6 In 1980 he served on the Ad Hoc U S Department of Energy Committee for laser isotope separation From 1984 to 2001 he was an advisor to the Laser and Laser and Chemistry Divisions of Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory 7 From 1985 to 2002 he was on the advisory board of the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency DARPA Defense Sciences Research Council From 2000 to 2002 he served as associate director of the Brookhaven National Laboratory Basic Energy Sciences Directorate 8 and in 2002 Acting Director of the Nanoscience Centre During this period DOE agreed to build the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven and the Department of Materials Science was initiated He was in the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Board of the Department of Energy DOE in the mid 1980s Osgood was married to Alice nee Dyson and had three children Richard M III a physicist Nathaniel D a computer scientist and Jennifer Smestad an attorney He also had six grandchildren Richard M Osgood Jr died on October 20 2023 at the age of 79 9 Work editHis research falls into two broad areas 1 Condensed matter and chemical physics studies of surfaces 2 Optical physics and devices Thus his research has included extensive studies in basic studies in optical excited and probed surface physics and chemistry in the development of new infrared and UV lasers optical physics application of lasers for material processing His major research highlights are as follows He along with William Eppers developed the first high power CO laser 10 11 a quantum cascade gas laser as well as other infrared lasers including the first high powered 16 um laser for isotope separation In 1979 he developed with Daniel Ehrlich and Peter Moulton a UV solid state laser then the optically pumped solid state laser with the shortest wavelength 12 Osgood along with Ali Javan made the first direct observation of vibrational vibrational energy transfer and exchange in hydrogen halides 13 14 15 Later he made the first direct observation with Steven Brueck of vibration energy flow in molecules in cryogenic liquids the studies 16 17 A notable results of this work was the observation of the extremely long 60s lifetime of N2 18 in its cryogenic state In the late 1970s he along with Thomas F Deutsch and Daniel J Ehrlich 19 20 21 22 demonstrated submicrometer scale chemical processing of the surfaces of electronic materials 23 These experiments demonstrated deposition of metals etching of semiconductors and doping of semiconductors One these methods laser induced Si etching 19 with micrometer resolution with an argon ion laser which heated the surface and induced chemical reactions in a chlorine gas or hydrogen chloride gas atmosphere 19 was later commercialized by Revise a US semiconductor equipment company founded by Daniel Ehrlich and Kenneth Nill He and his collaborators also developed techniques for producing spatially defined thin metal films with laser induced photodissociation 20 21 22 His work on use of laser micro and same cases nano chemistry for the processing of electronic materials led to his research examining the fundamental physics and chemistry of laser microchemistry including the nature of the photodissociation in adsorbed films 24 25 the role of surface plasmons in surface photochemistry 26 27 and the role of electron hole pair chemistry and surface 24 28 interactions in orienting surface species From 1998 to 2014 he and Miguel Levy developed ion based lift off methods for single crystalline thin films for example ion implantation of He to generate Crystal Ion Slicing slicing of metal oxide films garnets 25 29 and ferroelectrics These garnet thin films were shown to be useful for optical isolators In 2001 he along with Mike Steel developed novel photonic crystal fibers photonic crystal fibers PCF with an elliptical cavity shape of the tubes 30 31 and features such as high birefringence with a stable single mode operation zero walk off In 2002 he pioneered in developing Si photonics wires on silicon on insulator for new compact passive active and optical new linear device 32 His work in nonlinear Si photonics with his students and Jerry Dadap and Nicolae Panoiu is described in this reference His group carried out the initial studies of linear and nonlinear Si nanowire photonics including in 2001 Raman amplification optical amplifier in SOI technology silicon on insulator that is silicon wires on an insulating underlay with dimensions in the sub micron range 33 In addition he developed a high speed Si thermooptical switch and demonstrated diode pumped fourwave mixing in the waveguides 34 In later work he along with students and colleagues at IBM Watson Lab demonstrated the first high gain optical parametric oscillator using an optically pumped Si wire waveguide 35 This device operated above the two photon absorption threshold and thus was not impaired by this nonlinear loss mechanism His research into Si wire waveguides as well as his earlier work on III V waveguide devices led to a major effort to develop a more effective integrated optics design tool that was commonly available at the time 36 37 The computational optical simulation work led to the founding of RSoft by Robert Scarmozzino a major integrated optical simulation company In 2005 he along with Steve Brueck Nicholae Panoiu S Zhang and W Fan demonstrated with the first observation of near infrared 38 39 negative refractive index metamaterials His research in light interactions with surfaces and this crystal layers led to a series of important experiments showing the role of surface dipoles to orient molecules for anisotropic photo and electron fragmentation and the importance of coverage in controlling the fragmentation mechanism of surface bound molecules in the presence of UV illuminations and finally as mentioned earlier the role of surface plasmons in enhancing and localizing surface photoreactions In addition his research using two photon photoemission with pulsed UV lasers was instrumental in early studies of image states on vicinal single crystal metal surfaces 40 41 42 More recently in collaboration with Kevin Knox Wencan Jin Po chun Yeh Nader Zaki and Jerry Dadap he used tightly focused UV photoemission based on a SPE LEEM system to carry out the first photoemission studies of exfoliated graphene and transition metal dichalogide single samples and the influence of surface corrugation and layer number on sample electronic structure 43 44 45 46 As of November 11 2015 Osgood s publications have been cited 13 696 times and he has an h index of 65 47 Awards editWhile at MIT he was awarded a Hertz Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship 48 In 1989 he was awarded John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship 49 for studies in Light Surface Interactions In 1969 he received the Samuel Burka Award 50 of the US Avionics Laboratory 51 and the 1991 R W Wood Prize 52 He was a Fellow of the Optical Society 53 the IEEE 54 and the American Physical Society APS 55 1991 to 1993 he was Distinguished Traveling Lecturer of the APS and 1986 1987 for IEEE CLEO and he was Plenary Speaker at the OITDA Japanese Optoelectronic Industry and Technology Development Association 1981 to 1988 he was Associate Editor of the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics and was on the editorial advisory board of the Springer Series in Materials Science References edit a b Richard M Osgood Jr on ee columbia edu Richard M Osgood Jr on apam columbia edu data on People of the American Men and Women of Science Thomson Gale 2004 BNL press release www bnl gov Archived from the original on 2002 02 25 Osgood Appointed Radiation Lab Co Director 28 April 2017 The Osgood Group A Hot Bed of Research 28 April 2017 Avoiding Surprise in an Era of Global Technology Advances July 2005 ISBN 9780309096058 Richard Osgood Jr Named Head of Brookhaven Lab1s Basic Energy Sciences on bnl gov July 12 2000 Dr Richard M Osgood Jr West Point Retrieved 30 October 2023 Osgood R M Eppers W C 1968 12 15 High Power CO N2 He Laser Applied Physics Letters AIP Publishing 13 12 409 411 Bibcode 1968ApPhL 13 409O doi 10 1063 1 1652494 ISSN 0003 6951 Osgood R Eppers W Nichols E 1970 An investigation of the high power CO laser IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 6 3 145 154 Bibcode 1970IJQE 6 145O doi 10 1109 jqe 1970 1076425 ISSN 0018 9197 Ehrlich D J Moulton P F Osgood R M 1979 06 01 Ultraviolet solid state Ce YLF laser at 325 nm Optics Letters The Optical Society 4 6 184 6 Bibcode 1979OptL 4 184E doi 10 1364 ol 4 000184 ISSN 0146 9592 PMID 19687843 Osgood R M Javan A Sackett P B 1972 06 15 Measurement of Vibration Vibration Energy Transfer Time in HF Gas Applied Physics Letters AIP Publishing 20 12 469 472 Bibcode 1972ApPhL 20 469O doi 10 1063 1 1654020 ISSN 0003 6951 Ernst K Osgood R M Javan A Sackett P B 1973 Measurement of the vibrational virbrational exchange time v 2 for DF Gas Chemical Physics Letters Elsevier BV 23 4 553 556 Bibcode 1973CPL 23 553E doi 10 1016 0009 2614 73 89027 x ISSN 0009 2614 Osgood R M Sackett P B Javan A 1974 02 15 Measurement of vibrational vibrational exchange rates for excited vibrational levels 2 v 4 in hydrogen fluoride gas The Journal of Chemical Physics AIP Publishing 60 4 1464 1480 doi 10 1063 1 1681220 ISSN 0021 9606 Brueck S R J Deutsch T F Osgood R M 1977 Vibrational energy relaxation of CH3F dissolved in liquid O2 and Ar Chemical Physics Letters Elsevier BV 51 2 339 343 Bibcode 1977CPL 51 339B doi 10 1016 0009 2614 77 80416 8 ISSN 0009 2614 Brueck S R J Osgood R M 1978 Vibrational energy relaxation and exchange in liquid N2 CO OCS mixtures The Journal of Chemical Physics AIP Publishing 68 11 4941 4949 Bibcode 1978JChPh 68 4941B doi 10 1063 1 435652 ISSN 0021 9606 Brueck S R J Osgood R M 1976 Vibrational energy relaxation in liquid N2 CO mixtures Chemical Physics Letters Elsevier BV 39 3 568 572 doi 10 1016 0009 2614 76 80331 4 ISSN 0009 2614 a b c Ehrlich D J Osgood R M Deutsch T F 1981 06 15 Laser chemical technique for rapid direct writing of surface relief in silicon Applied Physics Letters AIP Publishing 38 12 1018 1020 Bibcode 1981ApPhL 38 1018E doi 10 1063 1 92228 ISSN 0003 6951 a b Ehrlich D Osgood R Deutsch T 1980 Laser microphotochemistry for use in solid state electronics IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 16 11 1233 1243 Bibcode 1980IJQE 16 1233E doi 10 1109 jqe 1980 1070386 ISSN 0018 9197 a b Deutsch T F Ehrlich D J Osgood R M 1979 07 15 Laser photodeposition of metal films with microscopic features Applied Physics Letters AIP Publishing 35 2 175 177 Bibcode 1979ApPhL 35 175D doi 10 1063 1 91026 ISSN 0003 6951 a b Ehrlich D J Osgood R M Deutsch T F 1982 Photodeposition of metal films with ultraviolet laser light Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology American Vacuum Society 21 1 23 32 Bibcode 1982JVST 21 23E doi 10 1116 1 571724 ISSN 0022 5355 K Ibbs R M Osgood Jr eds Laser Chemical Processing for Microelectronics Cambridge 1988 a b Camillone Nicholas Khan Khalid A Yarmoff Jory A Osgood Richard M 2001 07 11 Surface Reconstruction Switched Adsorbate Photofragmentation Dynamics Physical Review Letters American Physical Society APS 87 5 056101 Bibcode 2001PhRvL 87e6101C doi 10 1103 physrevlett 87 056101 ISSN 0031 9007 PMID 11497789 a b Levy M Osgood R M Kumar A Bakhru H 1997 11 03 Epitaxial liftoff of thin oxide layers Yttrium iron garnets onto GaAs Applied Physics Letters AIP Publishing 71 18 2617 2619 Bibcode 1997ApPhL 71 2617L doi 10 1063 1 120192 ISSN 0003 6951 Osgood R M Ehrlich D J 1982 08 01 Optically induced microstructures in laser photodeposited metal films Optics Letters The Optical Society 7 8 385 7 Bibcode 1982OptL 7 385O doi 10 1364 ol 7 000385 ISSN 0146 9592 PMID 19714030 Chen C J Osgood R M 1983 05 23 Direct Observation of the Local Field Enhanced Surface Photochemical Reactions Physical Review Letters American Physical Society APS 50 21 1705 1708 Bibcode 1983PhRvL 50 1705C doi 10 1103 physrevlett 50 1705 ISSN 0031 9007 Yang Q Y Schwarz W N Lasky P J Hood S C Loo N L Osgood R M 1994 05 09 Highly anisotropic angular dependence of CH3 fragmentation from electron transfer reactions on CH3Br GaAs 110 Physical Review Letters American Physical Society APS 72 19 3068 3071 Bibcode 1994PhRvL 72 3068Y doi 10 1103 physrevlett 72 3068 ISSN 0031 9007 PMID 10056059 Levy M Osgood R M Liu R Cross L E Cargill G S Kumar A Bakhru H 1998 10 19 Fabrication of single crystal lithium niobate films by crystal ion slicing Applied Physics Letters AIP Publishing 73 16 2293 2295 Bibcode 1998ApPhL 73 2293L doi 10 1063 1 121801 ISSN 0003 6951 Steel M J Osgood R M 2001 02 15 Elliptical hole photonic crystal fibers Optics Letters The Optical Society 26 4 229 31 Bibcode 2001OptL 26 229S doi 10 1364 ol 26 000229 ISSN 0146 9592 PMID 18033556 Steel M J Osgood R M 2001 Polarization and dispersive properties of elliptical hole photonic crystal fibers Journal of Lightwave Technology Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 19 4 495 503 Bibcode 2001JLwT 19 495S doi 10 1109 50 920847 ISSN 0733 8724 Osgood Jr R M Panoiu N C Dadap J I Liu Xiaoping Chen Xiaogang Hsieh I Wei Dulkeith E Green W M Vlasov Y A 2009 01 01 Engineering nonlinearities in nanoscale optical systems physics and applications in dispersion engineered silicon nanophotonic wires Advances in Optics and Photonics The Optical Society 1 1 162 235 Bibcode 2009AdOP 1 162O doi 10 1364 aop 1 000162 ISSN 1943 8206 Espinola Richard L Dadap Jerry I Osgood Jr Richard M McNab Sharee J Vlasov Yurii A 2004 Raman amplification in ultrasmall silicon on insulator wire waveguides Optics Express The Optical Society 12 16 3713 8 Bibcode 2004OExpr 12 3713E doi 10 1364 opex 12 003713 ISSN 1094 4087 PMID 19483903 Espinola R L Tsai M C Yardley J T Osgood R M 2003 Fast and low power thermooptic switch on thin silicon on insulator IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 15 10 1366 1368 Bibcode 2003IPTL 15 1366E doi 10 1109 lpt 2003 818246 ISSN 1041 1135 S2CID 43914613 Liu Xiaoping Osgood Richard M Vlasov Yurii A Green William M J 2010 05 23 Mid infrared optical parametric amplifier using silicon nanophotonic waveguides Nature Photonics Springer Science and Business Media LLC 4 8 557 560 arXiv 1001 1533 Bibcode 2010NaPho 4 557L doi 10 1038 nphoton 2010 119 ISSN 1749 4885 S2CID 119267295 Scarmozzino R Osgood R M 1991 05 01 Comparison of finite difference and Fourier transform solutions of the parabolic wave equation with emphasis on integrated optics applications Journal of the Optical Society of America A The Optical Society 8 5 724 Bibcode 1991JOSAA 8 724S doi 10 1364 josaa 8 000724 ISSN 1084 7529 Ilic I Scarmozzino R Osgood R M 1996 Investigation of the Pade approximant based wide angle beam propagation method for accurate modeling of waveguiding circuits Journal of Lightwave Technology Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 14 12 2813 2822 Bibcode 1996JLwT 14 2813I doi 10 1109 50 545802 ISSN 0733 8724 Zhang Shuang Fan Wenjun Panoiu N C Malloy K J Osgood R M Brueck S R J 2005 09 23 Experimental Demonstration of Near Infrared Negative Index Metamaterials PDF Physical Review Letters American Physical Society APS 95 13 137404 arXiv physics 0504208 Bibcode 2005PhRvL 95m7404Z doi 10 1103 physrevlett 95 137404 ISSN 0031 9007 PMID 16197179 S2CID 15246675 Zhang Shuang Fan Wenjun Malloy K J Brueck S R J Panoiu N C Osgood R M 2005 Near infrared double negative metamaterials Optics Express The Optical Society 13 13 4922 30 Bibcode 2005OExpr 13 4922Z doi 10 1364 opex 13 004922 ISSN 1094 4087 PMID 19498480 Smadici Serban Mocuta Dan Osgood Richard M 2004 01 29 Lateral motion of image state electrons for metal adsorbate regions on stepped metal substrates Physical Review B American Physical Society APS 69 3 035415 Bibcode 2004PhRvB 69c5415S doi 10 1103 physrevb 69 035415 ISSN 1098 0121 Smadici Serban Osgood Richard M 2005 04 19 Image state electron scattering on flat Ag Pt 111 and stepped Ag Pt 997 metal surfaces Physical Review B American Physical Society APS 71 16 165424 Bibcode 2005PhRvB 71p5424S doi 10 1103 physrevb 71 165424 ISSN 1098 0121 R M Osgood Jr and X Wang Image States on Single Crystal Metal Surfaces Chapter in Solid State Physics H Ehrenreich and F Spaepen eds Academic Press 1998 Jin Wencan Yeh Po Chun Zaki Nader Zhang Datong Sadowski Jerzy T Al Mahboob Abdullah van der Zande Arend M Chenet Daniel A Dadap Jerry I Herman Irving P Sutter Peter Hone James Osgood Richard M 2013 09 03 Direct Measurement of the Thickness Dependent Electronic Band Structure of MoS2 Using Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Physical Review Letters American Physical Society APS 111 10 106801 Bibcode 2013PhRvL 111j6801J doi 10 1103 physrevlett 111 106801 ISSN 0031 9007 PMID 25166690 S2CID 24455952 Knox Kevin R Locatelli Andrea Yilmaz Mehmet B Cvetko Dean Mentes Tevfik Onur Nino Miguel Angel Kim Philip Morgante Alberto Osgood Richard M 2011 09 01 Making angle resolved photoemission measurements on corrugated monolayer crystals Suspended exfoliated single crystal graphene Physical Review B American Physical Society APS 84 11 115401 arXiv 1104 2551 Bibcode 2011PhRvB 84k5401K doi 10 1103 physrevb 84 115401 ISSN 1098 0121 S2CID 18423887 Knox Kevin R Wang Shancai Morgante Alberto Cvetko Dean Locatelli Andrea Mentes Tevfik Onur Nino Miguel Angel Kim Philip Osgood R M 2008 11 25 Spectromicroscopy of single and multilayer graphene supported by a weakly interacting substrate Physical Review B American Physical Society APS 78 20 201408 R arXiv 0806 0355 Bibcode 2008PhRvB 78t1408K doi 10 1103 physrevb 78 201408 ISSN 1098 0121 S2CID 18295814 Yeh Po Chun Jin Wencan Zaki Nader Zhang Datong Sadowski Jerzy T Al Mahboob Abdullah van der Zande Arend M Chenet Daniel A Dadap Jerry I Herman Irving P Sutter Peter Hone James Osgood Richard M 2014 04 04 Probing substrate dependent long range surface structure of single layer and multilayer MoS2 by low energy electron microscopy and microprobe diffraction Physical Review B American Physical Society APS 89 15 155408 Bibcode 2014PhRvB 89o5408Y doi 10 1103 physrevb 89 155408 ISSN 1098 0121 Richard M Osgood Jr Google Scholar Citations scholar google com Retrieved 2015 11 12 Hertz Foundation Fellows hertzfoundation org Archived from the original on 2011 09 26 John Simon Guggenheim Foundation Richard M Osgood Jr Doughty Robert A 2014 12 18 Strength and Drive The West Point Class of 1965 ISBN 9781496957313 Robert A Doughty Strength and Drive The West Point Class of 1965 2014 ISBN 978 1 4969 5732 0 p 260 R W Wood Prize on osa org Professional Society Fellows on ll mit edu IEEE Membership Directory 1995 p 262 APS Fellowship on aps orgExternal links editWebsite by Richard M Osgood Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Richard M Osgood Jr amp oldid 1182746931, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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