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Richard Lenski

February 15, 2024

This article is about Richard Lenski, the evolutionary biologist. For the Lutheran commentator (his ancestor), see Richard C. H. Lenski.

Richard Eimer Lenski (born August 13, 1956) is an American evolutionary biologist,[3] a Hannah Distinguished Professor of Microbial Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, and Evolution of Pathogen Virulence at Michigan State University. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a MacArthur Fellow. Lenski is best known for his still ongoing 35-year-old long-term E. coli evolution experiment, which has been instrumental in understanding the core processes of evolution, including mutation rates,[4] clonal interference,[5] antibiotic resistance,[6] the evolution of novel traits,[7] and speciation.[8] He is also well known for his pioneering work in studying evolution digitally using self-replicating organisms called Avida.

Richard Eimer Lenski
Richard Lenski with Long-Term Flasks and Incubator on May 26, 2016
Born (1956-08-13) August 13, 1956 (age 67)
Alma materUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Oberlin College
Known forE. coli long-term evolution experiment
AwardsNCSE Friend of Darwin Award (2017)[1]
Sewall Wright Award (2012)
MacArthur Fellowship (1996)
Guggenheim Fellowship (1991)[2]
Scientific career
FieldsEvolutionary biology Experimental evolution
InstitutionsMichigan State University
University of California, Irvine
ThesisEffects of competition and disturbance on ground beetle populations (1982)
Doctoral advisorNelson Hairston
Other academic advisorsBruce Levin (Postdoctoral Mentor)
Doctoral studentsPaul E. Turner
Zachary Blount
Websitelenski.mmg.msu.edu telliamedrevisited.wordpress.com

Early life edit

Richard E. Lenski is the son of sociologist Gerhard Lenski and poet Jean Lenski (née Cappelmann).[9] He is also the great-nephew of children's author Lois Lenski and the great-grandson of Lutheran commentator Richard C. H. Lenski. He earned his BA from Oberlin College in 1976, and his PhD from the University of North Carolina in 1982.[10]

Career edit

Lenski won a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1991 and a MacArthur Fellowship in 1996, and in 2006 he was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences.[11]

Lenski is a fellow at the American Academy of Microbiology and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and holds the office Hannah Distinguished Professor of microbial ecology at Michigan State University.[citation needed]

On February 17, 2010, he co-founded the NSF Science and Technology Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, known as the BEACON Center.[1]

He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2018.[12]

Lenski was the recipient of the 2021 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society for the Study of Evolution.[13]

E. coli experiment edit

Main article: E. coli long-term evolution experiment
 
The 12 evolving E. coli populations on June 25, 2008

The E. coli long-term evolution experiment is an ongoing study in experimental evolution led by Richard Lenski that has been tracking genetic changes in 12 initially identical populations of asexual Escherichia coli bacteria since 24 February 1988.[14] The populations reached the milestone of 75,000 generations in 2022.[15]

Since the experiment's inception, Lenski and his colleagues have reported a wide array of genetic changes; some evolutionary adaptations have occurred in all 12 populations, while others have only appeared in one or a few populations. One particularly striking adaptation was the evolution of a strain of E. coli that was able to use citrate as a carbon source in an aerobic environment.[16] A defining characteristic of E. coli is its inability to use citrate as an energy source under oxic conditions.[17]

Avida simulation edit

Richard Lenski, Charles Ofria, et al. at Michigan State University developed an artificial life computer program with the ability to detail the evolution of complex systems. The system uses values set to determine random mutations and allows for the effect of natural selection to conserve beneficial traits. The program was dubbed Avida and starts with an artificial petri dish where organisms reproduce and perform mathematical calculations to acquire rewards of more computer time for replication. The program randomly adds mutations to copies of the artificial organisms to allow for natural selection. As the artificial life reproduced, different lines adapted and evolved depending on their set environments. The beneficial side to the program is that it parallels that of real life at rapid speeds.[18][19][20][21]

Media edit

In August 2013, having been inspired by a presentation by Titus Brown on the role of social media in science, Lenski began blogging at Telliamed Revisited and tweeting as @RELenski.[22]

See also: Conservapedia § Lenski dialogue

Lenski's research has received considerable attention, including lengthy discussion in Carl Zimmer's book on E. coli, Microcosm, and in Richard Dawkins' book on the evidence for evolution, The Greatest Show on Earth. Included in Dawkins' discussion was a description of the dialog Lenski had in 2008 with Andrew Schlafly, creator of Conservapedia, which Schlafly initiated as a reaction to reports of Lenski's description of the evolution of aerobic citrate usage in one of the long-term evolution experiment populations. These same findings were later cited by the creationist Ken Ham in a debate over evolution with Bill Nye. Lenski strongly criticized Ham's citation of his work and the conclusions Ham drew from it.[23]

References edit

  1. ^ a b "MSU's Richard Lenski wins 2017 Friend of Darwin award".
  2. ^ "John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Richard E. Lenski".
  3. ^ "Richard Lenski". Michigan State University. 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-17.
  4. ^ Tenaillon, Olivier; Barrick, Jeffrey E.; Ribeck, Noah; Deatherage, Daniel E.; Blanchard, Jeffrey L.; Dasgupta, Aurko; Wu, Gabriel C.; Wielgoss, Sébastien; Cruveiller, Stéphane (2016-08-11). "Tempo and mode of genome evolution in a 50,000-generation experiment". Nature. 536 (7615): 165–170. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..165T. doi:10.1038/nature18959. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 4988878. PMID 27479321.
  5. ^ Maddamsetti, Rohan; Lenski, Richard E.; Barrick, Jeffrey E. (2015-06-01). "Adaptation, Clonal Interference, and Frequency-Dependent Interactions in a Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli". Genetics. 200 (2): 619–631. doi:10.1534/genetics.115.176677. ISSN 0016-6731. PMC 4492384. PMID 25911659.
  6. ^ Lenski, R. E. (1998-12-01). "Bacterial evolution and the cost of antibiotic resistance". International Microbiology. 1 (4): 265–270. ISSN 1139-6709. PMID 10943373.
  7. ^ Blount, Zachary D.; Borland, Christina Z.; Lenski, Richard E. (2008-06-10). "Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (23): 7899–7906. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.7899B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0803151105. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2430337. PMID 18524956.
  8. ^ Meyer, Justin R.; Dobias, Devin T.; Medina, Sarah J.; Servilio, Lisa; Gupta, Animesh; Lenski, Richard E. (2016-11-24). "Ecological speciation of bacteriophage lambda in allopatry and sympatry". Science. 354 (6317): 1301–1304. Bibcode:2016Sci...354.1301M. doi:10.1126/science.aai8446. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 27884940.
  9. ^ Richard Lenski [@relenski] (August 17, 2014). "Photo of Richard Lenski and Gerhard Lenski for the father's 90th birthday" (Tweet). Retrieved August 18, 2014 – via Twitter.
  10. ^ Campbell, Neil A.; Reece, Jane B. (2005). Biology (7 ed.). Pearson, Benjamin Cummings. pp. 538–539. ISBN 978-0-8053-7146-8.
  11. ^ United States National Academy of Sciences member list, "Member directory", Richard E. Lenski , 2006
  12. ^ "Election of New Members at the 2018 Spring Meeting".
  13. ^ "Society for the Study of Evolution". www.evolutionsociety.org. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
  14. ^ Lenski, Richard E. (2000). . Richard E. Lenski Homepage. Michigan State University. Archived from the original on 2018-05-31. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
  15. ^ Lenski, Richard (February 15, 2023). "Revisiting the Design of the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 91 (1): 241–253. Bibcode:2023JMolE..91..241L. doi:10.1007/s00239-023-10095-3. PMID 36790511. S2CID 256869639.
  16. ^ Blount, Zachary D.; Borland, Christina Z.; Lenski, Richard E. (2008). "Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (23): 7899–906. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.7899B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0803151105. JSTOR 25462703. PMC 2430337. PMID 18524956.
  17. ^ Blount, Zachary; Borland, Christina; Lenski, Richard (June 10, 2008). "Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli". PNAS. 105 (23): 7899–7906. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.7899B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0803151105. PMC 2430337. PMID 18524956.
  18. ^ Lenski, R. E.; Ofria, C.; Pennock, R. T.; Adami, C. (2003). (PDF). Nature. 423 (6936): 139–144. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..139L. doi:10.1038/nature01568. PMID 12736677. S2CID 4401833. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2013-08-20.
  19. ^ "Digital organisms used to confirm evolutionary process". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
  20. ^ "Artificial life experiments show how complex functions can evolve". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
  21. ^ Richard E. Lenski; Charles Ofria; Claus O. Wilke; Jia Lan Wang & Christoph Adami (2001-07-19). "Evolution of digital organisms at high mutation rates leads to survival of the flattest" (PDF). Nature. 412 (6844): 331–3. Bibcode:2001Natur.412..331W. doi:10.1038/35085569. PMID 11460163. S2CID 1482925.
  22. ^ Richard Lenski (August 19, 2013). "Welcome to Telliamed Revisited".
  23. ^ https://telliamedrevisited.wordpress.com/2014/02/05/ham-on-nye-debate-follow-up-1/, https://telliamedrevisited.wordpress.com/2014/02/06/ham-on-nye-debate-follow-up-2/, https://telliamedrevisited.wordpress.com/2014/02/07/zachary-blount-on-ham-on-nye-debate-follow-up-3/

External links edit

  • E. coli Long-term Experimental evolution site 2017-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
  • BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action
  • The Loom : A New Step In Evolution

February 15, 2024
richard, lenski, this, article, about, evolutionary, biologist, lutheran, commentator, ancestor, richard, lenski, richard, eimer, lenski, born, august, 1956, american, evolutionary, biologist, hannah, distinguished, professor, microbial, ecology, genetics, evo. This article is about Richard Lenski the evolutionary biologist For the Lutheran commentator his ancestor see Richard C H Lenski Richard Eimer Lenski born August 13 1956 is an American evolutionary biologist 3 a Hannah Distinguished Professor of Microbial Ecology Genetics and Evolution and Evolution of Pathogen Virulence at Michigan State University He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a MacArthur Fellow Lenski is best known for his still ongoing 35 year old long term E coli evolution experiment which has been instrumental in understanding the core processes of evolution including mutation rates 4 clonal interference 5 antibiotic resistance 6 the evolution of novel traits 7 and speciation 8 He is also well known for his pioneering work in studying evolution digitally using self replicating organisms called Avida Richard Eimer LenskiRichard Lenski with Long Term Flasks and Incubator on May 26 2016Born 1956 08 13 August 13 1956 age 67 Alma materUniversity of North Carolina Chapel HillOberlin CollegeKnown forE coli long term evolution experimentAwardsNCSE Friend of Darwin Award 2017 1 Sewall Wright Award 2012 MacArthur Fellowship 1996 Guggenheim Fellowship 1991 2 Scientific careerFieldsEvolutionary biology Experimental evolutionInstitutionsMichigan State UniversityUniversity of California IrvineThesisEffects of competition and disturbance on ground beetle populations 1982 Doctoral advisorNelson HairstonOther academic advisorsBruce Levin Postdoctoral Mentor Doctoral studentsPaul E TurnerZachary BlountWebsitelenski wbr mmg wbr msu wbr edu telliamedrevisited wbr wordpress wbr com Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2 1 E coli experiment 2 2 Avida simulation 2 3 Media 3 References 4 External linksEarly life editRichard E Lenski is the son of sociologist Gerhard Lenski and poet Jean Lenski nee Cappelmann 9 He is also the great nephew of children s author Lois Lenski and the great grandson of Lutheran commentator Richard C H Lenski He earned his BA from Oberlin College in 1976 and his PhD from the University of North Carolina in 1982 10 Career editLenski won a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1991 and a MacArthur Fellowship in 1996 and in 2006 he was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences 11 Lenski is a fellow at the American Academy of Microbiology and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and holds the office Hannah Distinguished Professor of microbial ecology at Michigan State University citation needed On February 17 2010 he co founded the NSF Science and Technology Center for the Study of Evolution in Action known as the BEACON Center 1 He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2018 12 Lenski was the recipient of the 2021 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society for the Study of Evolution 13 E coli experiment edit Main article E coli long term evolution experiment nbsp The 12 evolving E coli populations on June 25 2008The E coli long term evolution experiment is an ongoing study in experimental evolution led by Richard Lenski that has been tracking genetic changes in 12 initially identical populations of asexual Escherichia coli bacteria since 24 February 1988 14 The populations reached the milestone of 75 000 generations in 2022 15 Since the experiment s inception Lenski and his colleagues have reported a wide array of genetic changes some evolutionary adaptations have occurred in all 12 populations while others have only appeared in one or a few populations One particularly striking adaptation was the evolution of a strain of E coli that was able to use citrate as a carbon source in an aerobic environment 16 A defining characteristic of E coli is its inability to use citrate as an energy source under oxic conditions 17 Avida simulation edit Richard Lenski Charles Ofria et al at Michigan State University developed an artificial life computer program with the ability to detail the evolution of complex systems The system uses values set to determine random mutations and allows for the effect of natural selection to conserve beneficial traits The program was dubbed Avida and starts with an artificial petri dish where organisms reproduce and perform mathematical calculations to acquire rewards of more computer time for replication The program randomly adds mutations to copies of the artificial organisms to allow for natural selection As the artificial life reproduced different lines adapted and evolved depending on their set environments The beneficial side to the program is that it parallels that of real life at rapid speeds 18 19 20 21 Media edit In August 2013 having been inspired by a presentation by Titus Brown on the role of social media in science Lenski began blogging at Telliamed Revisited and tweeting as RELenski 22 See also Conservapedia Lenski dialogue Lenski s research has received considerable attention including lengthy discussion in Carl Zimmer s book on E coli Microcosm and in Richard Dawkins book on the evidence for evolution The Greatest Show on Earth Included in Dawkins discussion was a description of the dialog Lenski had in 2008 with Andrew Schlafly creator of Conservapedia which Schlafly initiated as a reaction to reports of Lenski s description of the evolution of aerobic citrate usage in one of the long term evolution experiment populations These same findings were later cited by the creationist Ken Ham in a debate over evolution with Bill Nye Lenski strongly criticized Ham s citation of his work and the conclusions Ham drew from it 23 References edit a b MSU s Richard Lenski wins 2017 Friend of Darwin award John Simon Guggenheim Foundation Richard E Lenski Richard Lenski Michigan State University 2008 Retrieved 2008 09 17 Tenaillon Olivier Barrick Jeffrey E Ribeck Noah Deatherage Daniel E Blanchard Jeffrey L Dasgupta Aurko Wu Gabriel C Wielgoss Sebastien Cruveiller Stephane 2016 08 11 Tempo and mode of genome evolution in a 50 000 generation experiment Nature 536 7615 165 170 Bibcode 2016Natur 536 165T doi 10 1038 nature18959 ISSN 0028 0836 PMC 4988878 PMID 27479321 Maddamsetti Rohan Lenski Richard E Barrick Jeffrey E 2015 06 01 Adaptation Clonal Interference and Frequency Dependent Interactions in a Long Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli Genetics 200 2 619 631 doi 10 1534 genetics 115 176677 ISSN 0016 6731 PMC 4492384 PMID 25911659 Lenski R E 1998 12 01 Bacterial evolution and the cost of antibiotic resistance International Microbiology 1 4 265 270 ISSN 1139 6709 PMID 10943373 Blount Zachary D Borland Christina Z Lenski Richard E 2008 06 10 Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 23 7899 7906 Bibcode 2008PNAS 105 7899B doi 10 1073 pnas 0803151105 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 2430337 PMID 18524956 Meyer Justin R Dobias Devin T Medina Sarah J Servilio Lisa Gupta Animesh Lenski Richard E 2016 11 24 Ecological speciation of bacteriophage lambda in allopatry and sympatry Science 354 6317 1301 1304 Bibcode 2016Sci 354 1301M doi 10 1126 science aai8446 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 27884940 Richard Lenski relenski August 17 2014 Photo of Richard Lenski and Gerhard Lenski for the father s 90th birthday Tweet Retrieved August 18 2014 via Twitter Campbell Neil A Reece Jane B 2005 Biology 7 ed Pearson Benjamin Cummings pp 538 539 ISBN 978 0 8053 7146 8 United States National Academy of Sciences member list Member directory Richard E Lenski 2006 Election of New Members at the 2018 Spring Meeting Society for the Study of Evolution www evolutionsociety org Retrieved 2021 07 04 Lenski Richard E 2000 Source of founding strain Richard E Lenski Homepage Michigan State University Archived from the original on 2018 05 31 Retrieved 2008 06 18 Lenski Richard February 15 2023 Revisiting the Design of the Long Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli Journal of Molecular Evolution 91 1 241 253 Bibcode 2023JMolE 91 241L doi 10 1007 s00239 023 10095 3 PMID 36790511 S2CID 256869639 Blount Zachary D Borland Christina Z Lenski Richard E 2008 Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 23 7899 906 Bibcode 2008PNAS 105 7899B doi 10 1073 pnas 0803151105 JSTOR 25462703 PMC 2430337 PMID 18524956 Blount Zachary Borland Christina Lenski Richard June 10 2008 Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli PNAS 105 23 7899 7906 Bibcode 2008PNAS 105 7899B doi 10 1073 pnas 0803151105 PMC 2430337 PMID 18524956 Lenski R E Ofria C Pennock R T Adami C 2003 The evolutionary origin of complex features PDF Nature 423 6936 139 144 Bibcode 2003Natur 423 139L doi 10 1038 nature01568 PMID 12736677 S2CID 4401833 Archived from the original PDF on 2021 01 21 Retrieved 2013 08 20 Digital organisms used to confirm evolutionary process American Association for the Advancement of Science Retrieved 2011 03 21 Artificial life experiments show how complex functions can evolve American Association for the Advancement of Science Retrieved 2011 03 21 Richard E Lenski Charles Ofria Claus O Wilke Jia Lan Wang amp Christoph Adami 2001 07 19 Evolution of digital organisms at high mutation rates leads to survival of the flattest PDF Nature 412 6844 331 3 Bibcode 2001Natur 412 331W doi 10 1038 35085569 PMID 11460163 S2CID 1482925 Richard Lenski August 19 2013 Welcome to Telliamed Revisited https telliamedrevisited wordpress com 2014 02 05 ham on nye debate follow up 1 https telliamedrevisited wordpress com 2014 02 06 ham on nye debate follow up 2 https telliamedrevisited wordpress com 2014 02 07 zachary blount on ham on nye debate follow up 3 External links editE coli Long term Experimental evolution site Archived 2017 07 27 at the Wayback Machine BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action News release from Michigan State University The Loom A New Step In Evolution Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Richard Lenski amp oldid 1203178123, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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