Riccardo Bauer (1896–1982) was an Italian anti-fascist journalist and political figure. He was one of the early Italians who fought against Benito Mussolini's rule.[1] Due to his activities Bauer was imprisoned for a long time and was freed only after the collapse of the Fascist rule in 1943.
Riccardo Bauer was born in Milan on 6 January 1896.[2] His parents were Francesco who was from Bohemia and Giuseppina Cairoli.[2] In 1922 he began to collaborate with La Rivoluzione Liberale, an anti-Fascist magazine by Piero Gobetti.[2] In July 1924 he founded an anti-fascist magazine, Il Caffè, which existed until May 1925.[3] In 1926 Bauer helped Filippo Turati's escape from Milan to Paris due to the oppression of the Fascist rule.[2] The same year Bauer was arrested and was in prison for seven months.[2] Then he was sentenced to two years of confinement first on the island of Ustica and then in Lipari between January and 10 April 1928.[2] Back in Milan, Bauer resumed his activities and founded the Giustizia e Libertà movement with Ernesto Rossi which laid the basis of the Action Party.[4][5] On 30 November 1930 Bauer, Ferruccio Parri and Umberto Ceva were arrested.[4] Bauer was sentenced to 20 years in prison and was released only after the end of the Fascist rule on 25 July 1943.[2]
In November 1943 Bauer was elected as a board member and the chairman of the board of the Action Party in the first convention held in Florence in secret.[2][6] Bauer was one of the leaders of the armed Giustizia e Libertà units operating in Rome.[2] Together with Giorgio Amendola and Sandro Pertini, he was part of its central military committee.[2] Following the end of Fascist rule Bauer became one of the leading figures of the Action Party in Rome.[7] He was president of the Humanitarian Society in Milan from 1950 to 1969.[2][8] He died at a clinic in Milan on 15 October 1982.[5]
Referencesedit
^Isabella Richet (2018). Women, Antifascism and Mussolini's Italy: The Life of Marion Cave Rosselli. London; New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 157. ISBN978-1-78672-525-7.
^ abcdefghijk"Bauer, Riccardo" (in Italian). Digital Library. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
^Niamh Cullen (2009). "The intellectual community of La Rivoluzione Liberale". Modern Italy. 14 (1): 30. doi:10.1080/13532940802285509. S2CID 143930803.
^ abStanislao G. Pugliese (Winter 2007). "In Defense of Liberal Socialism: Carlo Rosselli's Legacy". Italian Americana. 25 (1): 30. JSTOR 41330566.
^ ab"Riccardo Bauer, a Socialist hero of the pre-World War". United Press International. Milan. 15 October 1982. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
^Norman Kogan (June 1953). "The Italian Action Party and the Institutional Question". The Western Political Quarterly. 6 (2): 279. doi:10.2307/442162. JSTOR 442162.
^Douglass Charles Day (1982). The Shaping of Postwar Italian Politics: Italy 1945-1948 (PhD thesis). The University of Chicago. p. 40. ISBN979-8-205-08303-4. ProQuest 303267078.
^Emiliana P. Noether (December 1971). "Italian Intellectuals under Fascism". The Journal of Modern History. 43 (4): 634. doi:10.1086/240685. S2CID 144377549.
April 12, 2024
riccardo, bauer, 1896, 1982, italian, anti, fascist, journalist, political, figure, early, italians, fought, against, benito, mussolini, rule, activities, bauer, imprisoned, long, time, freed, only, after, collapse, fascist, rule, 1943, born, 1896, january, 18. Riccardo Bauer 1896 1982 was an Italian anti fascist journalist and political figure He was one of the early Italians who fought against Benito Mussolini s rule 1 Due to his activities Bauer was imprisoned for a long time and was freed only after the collapse of the Fascist rule in 1943 Riccardo BauerBorn 1896 01 06 6 January 1896MilanDied15 October 1982 1982 10 15 aged 86 MilanNationalityItalianOccupationJournalistYears active1920s 1969Known forCofounder of Giustizia e LibertaFounder of Il CaffeParent s Francesco Bauer Giuseppina CairoliBiography editRiccardo Bauer was born in Milan on 6 January 1896 2 His parents were Francesco who was from Bohemia and Giuseppina Cairoli 2 In 1922 he began to collaborate with La Rivoluzione Liberale an anti Fascist magazine by Piero Gobetti 2 In July 1924 he founded an anti fascist magazine Il Caffe which existed until May 1925 3 In 1926 Bauer helped Filippo Turati s escape from Milan to Paris due to the oppression of the Fascist rule 2 The same year Bauer was arrested and was in prison for seven months 2 Then he was sentenced to two years of confinement first on the island of Ustica and then in Lipari between January and 10 April 1928 2 Back in Milan Bauer resumed his activities and founded the Giustizia e Liberta movement with Ernesto Rossi which laid the basis of the Action Party 4 5 On 30 November 1930 Bauer Ferruccio Parri and Umberto Ceva were arrested 4 Bauer was sentenced to 20 years in prison and was released only after the end of the Fascist rule on 25 July 1943 2 In November 1943 Bauer was elected as a board member and the chairman of the board of the Action Party in the first convention held in Florence in secret 2 6 Bauer was one of the leaders of the armed Giustizia e Liberta units operating in Rome 2 Together with Giorgio Amendola and Sandro Pertini he was part of its central military committee 2 Following the end of Fascist rule Bauer became one of the leading figures of the Action Party in Rome 7 He was president of the Humanitarian Society in Milan from 1950 to 1969 2 8 He died at a clinic in Milan on 15 October 1982 5 References edit Isabella Richet 2018 Women Antifascism and Mussolini s Italy The Life of Marion Cave Rosselli London New York Bloomsbury Publishing p 157 ISBN 978 1 78672 525 7 a b c d e f g h i j k Bauer Riccardo in Italian Digital Library Retrieved 18 January 2022 Niamh Cullen 2009 The intellectual community of La Rivoluzione Liberale Modern Italy 14 1 30 doi 10 1080 13532940802285509 S2CID 143930803 a b Stanislao G Pugliese Winter 2007 In Defense of Liberal Socialism Carlo Rosselli s Legacy Italian Americana 25 1 30 JSTOR 41330566 a b Riccardo Bauer a Socialist hero of the pre World War United Press International Milan 15 October 1982 Retrieved 18 January 2022 Norman Kogan June 1953 The Italian Action Party and the Institutional Question The Western Political Quarterly 6 2 279 doi 10 2307 442162 JSTOR 442162 Douglass Charles Day 1982 The Shaping of Postwar Italian Politics Italy 1945 1948 PhD thesis The University of Chicago p 40 ISBN 979 8 205 08303 4 ProQuest 303267078 Emiliana P Noether December 1971 Italian Intellectuals under Fascism The Journal of Modern History 43 4 634 doi 10 1086 240685 S2CID 144377549 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Riccardo Bauer amp oldid 1135838157, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
