Official reconstruction of the Flag of the Republic of Canada by the Government of Canada, Parks Canada, Museum of the Fort Malden National Historic Site, based on the only known surviving fragment of the flag and a sketch captured from the rebels. [1][dubious – discuss]
In the latter days of the Rebellions of 1837 in Upper Canada, after Mackenzie and 200 of his followers retreated from Toronto to Navy Island, he declared a separate republic. He established an independent currency, and supplied his camp using the American supply steamer Caroline.[4] He recruited followers by promising 300 acres (120 ha) of land to any man that supported his cause.[5] He later included in his promise $100 in silver to his supporters, payable on May 1, 1838.[6]
On December 29, Royal Navy Commander Andrew Drew and seven boatloads of Canadian militiamen crossed the Niagara River to Fort Schlosser. They captured the Caroline used by William Lyon Mackenzie and his rebels on Navy Island. Drew's forces set the ship alight and sent it adrift towards Niagara Falls, resulting in the death of one American. It was falsely reported that dozens of Americans were killed as they were trapped on board, and U.S. soldiers retaliated by burning a British steamer while it was in U.S. waters, triggering what became known as the Caroline affair.
On January 13, 1838, Mackenzie abandoned Navy Island under heavy fire from British troops. He and his force retreated to Buffalo, New York, where they were captured by the U.S. army and sentenced in the U.S. to 18 months' imprisonment for violating neutrality laws between the United States and the United Kingdom, ending the prospect of a Canadian declaration of independence/secession and ending what the British authorities described as an inconsequential and unsupported colonial rebellion.
Some of the supporters retreated to the Thousand Islands, and "caused Canadian authorities much anxiety" in mid-1838.[7] In the United States, Hunters' Lodges were established along the frontier border, some also operating in Upper Canada. The organization of these societies was headquartered in Cleveland, and its principal mission was to "emancipate the British Colonies from British Thraldom".[8] On 16 September 1838, a convention attended by 160 delegates of the organization was held in Cleveland,[9] during which it elected Abram D. Smith the first president of the Republic of Canada.[10] The organization also defined plans for a Republican Bank of Canada, which would use gold, silver, and its own currency as money, and pledged "the whole wealth, revenue, and resources" of Upper Canada as collateral for loans.[9] Its first banknotes were to feature Samuel Lount, Peter Matthews, and James Morreau, all of whom were executed for their part in the rebellion.[11]
^B, Brad (user). "Photo of information placque for flag exhibit at Fort Malden". Yelp.com - Photos for Fort Malden National Historic Park. {{cite web}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
^Shaun J. McLaughlin, The Patriot War Along the New York-Upper Canada Border: Raiders and Rebels, The History Press, Charleston, SC, 2012, p. 87.
References
Russell, Francis (1968). The American heritage history of the making of the Nation. American Heritage Publishing Company.
Shortridge, Wilson Porter (18 April 2008). "The Canadian–American frontier during the Rebellion of 1837–1838". The Canadian Historical Review. University of Toronto Press. 7 (1): 13–26. doi:10.3138/CHR-07-01-02. S2CID 162901982.
Walz, Jay; Walz, Audrey (1970). Portrait of Canada. American Heritage Press.
Yates, Raymond Francis (1958). Under Three Flags: Western New York from the Ice Age to the Atomic Age. Stewart.
Proceedings. Insurance Institute of Toronto. 1921.
External links
Flags of the World: Rebellion of 1837-1839 in Canada (Upper Canada)
republic, canada, modern, country, canada, movement, monarchy, canada, republicanism, canada, government, proclaimed, william, lyon, mackenzie, december, 1837, self, proclaimed, government, established, navy, island, niagara, river, latter, days, upper, canada. For the modern day country see Canada For the movement to end the monarchy in Canada see Republicanism in Canada The Republic of Canada was a government proclaimed by William Lyon Mackenzie on December 5 1837 2 The self proclaimed government was established on Navy Island 3 in the Niagara River in the latter days of the Upper Canada Rebellion Republic of Canada1837 1838Official reconstruction of the Flag of the Republic of Canada by the Government of Canada Parks Canada Museum of the Fort Malden National Historic Site based on the only known surviving fragment of the flag and a sketch captured from the rebels 1 dubious discuss Republic of Canada in North America in 1837Navy IslandStatusUnrecognized stateCapitalNavy IslandCommon languagesEnglishGovernmentRepublicPresident 1837 1838William Lyon MackenzieHistorical eraUpper Canada Rebellion Republic declared17 December 1837 Republic collapses4 December 1838Preceded by Succeeded byUpper Canada Upper CanadaToday part ofCanada Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksHistory EditIn the latter days of the Rebellions of 1837 in Upper Canada after Mackenzie and 200 of his followers retreated from Toronto to Navy Island he declared a separate republic He established an independent currency and supplied his camp using the American supply steamer Caroline 4 He recruited followers by promising 300 acres 120 ha of land to any man that supported his cause 5 He later included in his promise 100 in silver to his supporters payable on May 1 1838 6 On December 29 Royal Navy Commander Andrew Drew and seven boatloads of Canadian militiamen crossed the Niagara River to Fort Schlosser They captured the Caroline used by William Lyon Mackenzie and his rebels on Navy Island Drew s forces set the ship alight and sent it adrift towards Niagara Falls resulting in the death of one American It was falsely reported that dozens of Americans were killed as they were trapped on board and U S soldiers retaliated by burning a British steamer while it was in U S waters triggering what became known as the Caroline affair On January 13 1838 Mackenzie abandoned Navy Island under heavy fire from British troops He and his force retreated to Buffalo New York where they were captured by the U S army and sentenced in the U S to 18 months imprisonment for violating neutrality laws between the United States and the United Kingdom ending the prospect of a Canadian declaration of independence secession and ending what the British authorities described as an inconsequential and unsupported colonial rebellion Some of the supporters retreated to the Thousand Islands and caused Canadian authorities much anxiety in mid 1838 7 In the United States Hunters Lodges were established along the frontier border some also operating in Upper Canada The organization of these societies was headquartered in Cleveland and its principal mission was to emancipate the British Colonies from British Thraldom 8 On 16 September 1838 a convention attended by 160 delegates of the organization was held in Cleveland 9 during which it elected Abram D Smith the first president of the Republic of Canada 10 The organization also defined plans for a Republican Bank of Canada which would use gold silver and its own currency as money and pledged the whole wealth revenue and resources of Upper Canada as collateral for loans 9 Its first banknotes were to feature Samuel Lount Peter Matthews and James Morreau all of whom were executed for their part in the rebellion 11 See also EditRepublicanism in CanadaNotes Edit B Brad user Photo of information placque for flag exhibit at Fort Malden Yelp com Photos for Fort Malden National Historic Park a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a first1 has generic name help Yates 1958 p 123 Insurance Institute of Toronto p 57 Walz amp Walz 1970 p 87 Walz amp Walz 1970 p 88 Liam Peppiatt Chapter 78 Mackenzie as an Exile Robertson s Landmarks of Toronto Revisited Shortridge p 18 sfn error no target CITEREFShortridge help Shortridge p 19 sfn error no target CITEREFShortridge help a b Shortridge p 20 sfn error no target CITEREFShortridge help Russell 1968 p 220 Shaun J McLaughlin The Patriot War Along the New York Upper Canada Border Raiders and Rebels The History Press Charleston SC 2012 p 87 References EditRussell Francis 1968 The American heritage history of the making of the Nation American Heritage Publishing Company Shortridge Wilson Porter 18 April 2008 The Canadian American frontier during the Rebellion of 1837 1838 The Canadian Historical Review University of Toronto Press 7 1 13 26 doi 10 3138 CHR 07 01 02 S2CID 162901982 Walz Jay Walz Audrey 1970 Portrait of Canada American Heritage Press Yates Raymond Francis 1958 Under Three Flags Western New York from the Ice Age to the Atomic Age Stewart Proceedings Insurance Institute of Toronto 1921 External links EditFlags of the World Rebellion of 1837 1839 in Canada Upper Canada Coordinates 43 03 20 N 79 00 35 W 43 055437 N 79 009595 W 43 055437 79 009595 This Canadian history article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Republic of Canada amp oldid 1110580345, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
