Rembrandt in Southern California

Fourteen Rembrandt paintings are held in collections in Southern California.^[1] This accumulation began with J. Paul Getty's purchase of the Portrait of Marten Looten in 1938, and is now the third-largest concentration of Rembrandt paintings in the United States.^[2] Portrait of Marten Looten is now housed at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA).

Saint Bartholomew, 1661, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. In Southern California by 1971. Gift of J. Paul Getty

An Old Man in Military Costume, about 1630-31, Getty Museum. In Southern California by 1978

The Abduction of Europa, 1632, Getty Museum. In Southern California by 1995

Daniel and Cyrus before the Idol Bel, 1633, Getty. In Southern California by 1995

Rembrandt Laughing, about 1628, Getty Museum. In Southern California by 2013

History

The Rembrandt Club of Pomona College in Claremont, California was established in 1905 for the promotion and encouragement of the arts. It predates all of the major art museums of Southern California. and remains active today.^[3]

In 1907, Arabella Huntington, whose Southern California home is now the Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, purchased Rembrandt's Aristotle Contemplating a Bust of Homer (1653) for her house in Paris. After her death, the painting was inherited by her son Archer M. Huntington. He sold it in 1928, the year that the Huntington Library, Art Gallery, and Botanical Gardens was established. Aristotle was eventually purchased by the Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York in 1962, for 2.3 million dollars. At the time this was the highest amount ever paid for a painting at a public or private sale.^[4]

In 1913, the Los Angeles County Museum of History, Science, and Art opened in Exposition Park. The inclusion of the three divisions had been determined in part by the Smithsonian's configuration, and there was very little art to display. In order to meet the deadline of the formal dedication ceremonies on November 6, 1913, the fine arts wing was not only hung with loans from Southern California collectors, but also with a number of works borrowed from East Coast owners.^[5] The opening of the museum was timed to coincide with the completion of the Owens Valley aqueduct—it was part of the celebratory festivities. The ready availability of water made the development of Southern California possible.

In the 20th century, collections of art that included paintings by old masters such as Rembrandt were highly sought after by many of America's business elite. Accounts in the Los Angeles Times trumpet the earliest arrivals of professed Rembrandt paintings in the Southland in 1928 and 1932.^[6]

An Elderly Jew in Fur Cap (1645) was purchased by Mr. and Mrs. Fred E. Keeler of Hollywood in 1928. President and major stockholder of the Lockheed Corporation, Keeler informed the press that he and his wife hoped to build a gallery to house their pictures adjoining their home, and open it to the public.^[7] During the fall and winter of 1934-35, the Los Angeles Sunday Times published a series entitled "Southern California's One Hundred Finest Privately Owned Paintings." The Keeler's "Rembrandt" was featured in the first edition of the series. When Mary Keeler died in 1939, she left their collection of art to the County Museum of History, Science, and Art, without restrictions.

Another purported Rembrandt, Portrait of a Woman with Oriental Headdress (1635), was acquired by Mr. and Mrs. Willitts J. Hole of Hancock Park in 1932. An early twentieth century Southern California real estate developer, Hole built a private art gallery adjoining his residence, in which the collection was arranged by nationality and lit by artificial light. In 1938, the Willitts J. Hole collection was donated by his daughter Agnes Hole Rindge to the University of California, Los Angeles.^[8] Soon after, on January 8, 1940, the Hole Rembrandt and many other paintings from the collection were installed in the UCLA Library.

Supported by scholars as genuine works by Rembrandt's hand at the time, both the Keeler and Hole pictures have since been reconsidered.

German art historian Wilhelm Valentiner published Rembrandt Paintings in America in 1931, with the inclusion of just one work in California: St. John the Baptist (1632), owned by newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst of Los Angeles.^[9] In 1947 when the picture was owned by Marion Davies, Hearst gave the funds to Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) to purchase it, along with eighteen other works, from her. No longer considered by Rembrandt, it is presently attributed to Govert Flinck and called Portrait of a Bearded Man.

Already a well known art world figure, Wilhelm Valentiner came to Los Angeles in 1946 to assume the directorship of the precursor of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), the "Los Angeles County Museum." As described above, prior to a division in 1961, fine art was integrated with history and science in what is now the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County's edifice.

In 1947, shortly after arriving in Los Angeles, Valentiner organized and curated a major loan exhibition of works by Rembrandt and fellow Dutch seventeenth-century painter Frans Hals at the County Museum. The show featured paintings from a number of Southern California private collections such as Jacob M. Heimann of Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty of Los Angeles, Mr. and Mrs. Converse M. Converse of Santa Barbara, and George Huntington Hartford II of Los Angeles; and included the Los Angeles County Museum's Portrait of Marten Looten and the Hammer Museum's Juno.

Getty gave Marten Looten to the Los Angeles County Museum in 1953, undoubtedly convinced to do so by Valentiner. Soon after the Rembrandt expert became the first director of the newly created J. Paul Getty Museum in Malibu, 1954.

Shortly after the new Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) had opened in 1961, critic Howard Taubman penned an article in the New York Times entitled "Culture Way Out West: Los Angeles Art Museum Embarks on Long Road to First-Class Status" suggesting that there was a good deal of room for improvement. "Museum leaders have calculated the cost of upgrading various areas of their collection," he states, "To achieve a No. 1 spot in Thai art...would cost only $250,000. To approach the heights of a Rembrandt repository...would cost no less than $65 million." The article also reports a rumor about a Southern California Rembrandt:

While Los Angeles may resent signs of Eastern condescension, it has not lost its sense of humor. It is still capable of chuckling about a story, possibly only a rumor, involving a Rembrandt portrait owned by Howard Ahmanson, banker and patron of the arts. Some doubt has been cast on the authenticity of the painting's attribution, and the plan, the story has it, has been worked out for a test. There is a similar Rembrandt at the National Gallery, and the one here will be carried tenderly in the next month or two to Washington, where the two paintings will be hung and studied side by side. Wouldn't it be funny, remarked a cynical fellow the other day, if some expert opined that the one in Washington is dubious? Are you laughing back there in the East?^[10]

Rembrandt, Saint Bartholomew, 1661, was sold in 1962 at a Sotheby's, London standing-room only sale. Purchased by J. Paul Getty, it is now in collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum.

In 1965, Norton Simon, a Southern California businessman and major Los Angeles County Museum of Art supporter, purchased Rembrandt's Titus at a Christie's London auction. The result was a media commotion. The painting had been knocked down by the auctioneer to an English buyer, but Simon was able to reopen the bidding by producing a letter that proved that the auctioneer had overlooked his prearranged bidding signal.^[11] A natural genius at promotion and marketing, Simon arranged the Rembrandt portrait's American debut at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, where its debarkation from the plane was filmed. Stating that "the painting has such great beauty and universal appeal that the Norton Simon Foundation has a special obligation to exhibit it in the most favorable circumstances for the widest possible enjoyment," Simon allowed the work to be on view there for six months, where it was seen by over 300,000 visitors.^[12] That June, Simon and the Rembrandt picture made the cover of Time Magazine.^[13] Disguised as a wrapped Christmas present and featuring a tag reading "To Mother," Titus made the plane trip from DC to Southern California in December 1965 ^[14]

In 2008 the Hammer Museum, the J. Paul Getty Museum, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Norton Simon Museum, and the Timken Museum of Art collaborated on an intramural exhibition of Rembrandt paintings; they called it Rembrandt in Southern California.^[15]

References

1. Rembrandt in Southern California, 2008
2. Anne Woollett, Rembrandt in Southern California, 2008
3. Rembrandt Club of Pomona College
4. "$532,000 Is Paid at Sotheby's For Rembrandt's 'Bartholomew,'" New York Times, June 28, 1962.
5. Higgins, Winifred Haines, "Art Collecting in the Los Angeles Area: 1910-1960," doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 1963, pp. 7-10. The galleries were organized by "Living Artists" and "Old and Deceased Artists"
6. "Rembrandt Acquired by Angelenos," Los Angeles Times, September 18, 1928, p. A1 and "Angelenos Buy Rembrandt," Los Angeles Times, December 11, 1932, p. A1.
7. Keeler's statement inspired Los Angeles Times arts editor Arthur Miller to proclaim "their pictures have proved such a source of pleasure to the collectors that they wish to share it with others. This is a beautiful idea. What could be more conducive to the appreciation of paintings than the existence of several small galleries throughout the city, thrown open to the public, so that people in various neighborhoods might come in contact with works of art? Let us hope they do build their gallery and that others are moved by example to follow a similar course." Arthur Miller, "Rembrandt Caps Collection," Los Angeles Times, December 2, 1928.
8. "University Gets Art Gift: Hole Collection to Be Permanent Display at U.C.L.A. Campus," Los Angeles Times, December 17, 1938 and "Hole Art Collection Removed to U.C.L.A.," Los Angeles Times, October 23, 1939. The UCLA Art Gallery's curator denounced the collection and strongly objected to the gift, and as a result was forced to resign from his position. Higgins, Winifred Haines, "Art Collecting in the Los Angeles Area: 1910-1960," doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 1963, pp. 242.
9. No. 14 in Wilhelm R. Valentiner, Rembrandt Paintings in America. (New York: S.W. Frankel, 1931). The Portrait of a Woman with Oriental Headdress, 1635, is no. 52 in this publication; predating its heralded debut in California, it was still in a gallery in New York at the time.
10. Howard Taubman, "Culture Way Out West: Los Angeles Art Museum Embarks on Long Road to First-Class Status" New York Times, November 8, 1966.
11. Gene Sherman, "Freeze Ends; LA will get Rembrandt's 'Titus,'" Los Angeles Times, May 12, 1965.
12. "East will see 'Titus' before it comes here," Los Angeles Times, May 13, 1965.
13. Time, June 4, 1965
14. Grace Glueck, "A Bottle is a Bottle," New York Times, December 19, 1965.
15. Rembrandt in Southern California, 2008

Further reading

• Getty, Jean Paul. The Joys of Collecting. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1965.
• Marandel, J. Patrice, Mary Levkoff, Amy Walsh et al. Los Angeles County Museum of Art: European Art. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2006.
• Muchnic, Suzanne. Odd Man In: Norton Simon and the Pursuit of Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
• Schaefer, Scott ed. Online Catalogue of the J. Paul Getty Museum Paintings Collection. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, in preparation.
• Starr, Kevin. Inventing the Dream: California through the Progressive Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.
• Timken Museum of Art: European Works of Art, American Paintings, and Russian Icons in the Putnam Foundation Collection. San Diego, CA: The Putnam Foundation, 1996.
• Valentiner, Wilhelm Reinhold. Rembrandt Paintings in America. New York : S.W. Frankel, 1931.
• Walsh, Amy. Northern European Paintings at the Norton Simon Museum. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, forthcoming.

External links

• Rembrandt in Southern California collaborative project
• List of early Los Angeles art galleries, clubs, museums, art schools, and teachers on the California Art Club Web site
• Juno, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, The Hammer Museum
• Saint Bartholomew, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, J. Paul Getty Museum
• An Old Man in Military Costume, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, J. Paul Getty Museum
• Daniel and Cyrus before the Idol Bel, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, J. Paul Getty Museum
• Portrait of a Girl Wearing a Gold Trimmed Cloak, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, J. Paul Getty Museum
• Portrait of Dirck Jansz Pesser, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, LACMA
• Portrait of Marten Looten, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, LACMA
• The Raising of Lazarus, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, LACMA
• Portrait of a Boy, Presumed to Be the Artist's Son, Titus, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, Norton Simon Museum
• Saint Bartholomew, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, Timken Museum of Art
• Norton Simon and his Rembrandt, Bernard Safran