Redlichia is a genus of redlichiidtrilobite in the family Redlichiidae, with large to very large species (up to 35 centimetres or 14 inches long). Fossils of various species are found in Lower Cambrian (Toyonian)-aged marine strata from China, Korea, Pakistan, the Himalayas, Iran, Spain, southern Siberia, and Antarctica, and from Middle Cambrian (Ordian)-aged marine strata of Australia.
Redlichia has a rather flat and thinly calcified dorsalexoskeleton of inverted egg-shaped outline, about 1½× longer than wide, measured across the base of the genal spines and disregarding the spine on the 11th segment of the articulated middle part of the body (or thorax). The headshield (or cephalon) is semicircular, about ⅓× as long as the body, with clear genal spines that are a smooth continuation of the border, that extend backward and outward and curving to be near parallel near their tips, which typically extend to the backhalf of the articulated middle part of the body (or thorax). The thorax consists of 11-17 segments, with the 11th from the front bearing a backward directed spine on the midline.
TaxonomyEdit
Redlich originally named the genus Hoeferia in 1899. It turned out however, that this name was already given to an arcid bivalve by Bittner in 1894, rendering it an unavailable junior homonym. This is why in 1902, Cossmann renamed Hoeferia Redlich, 1899 as Redlichia, in honor of Redlich.
Mesodema Whitehouse, 1939, Dongshania Lin in Qiu et al., 1983, and Spinoredlichia Liu, 1975, are all considered to be synonyms of Redlichia.[4]
Notable speciesEdit
Comparison of the redlichiid trilobites, Redlichia rex (larger), and R. takooensis, from the Lower Cambrian Kangaroo Island, Australia
The type species, R. noetlingi, is found in Lower Cambrian-aged marine strata of Western Pakistan. A similar species, R. chinensis, is found in Lower Cambrian-aged marine strata of China. R. nobilis, is found in Lower Cambrian-aged marine strata of South Korea. It was originally thought that the Kangaroo Island species, R. takooensis, had a small form and a large form: more thorough studies have concluded that the "large morph" is a distinct, carnivorous, possibly cannibalistic species now named R. rex.[2][5]
Reassigned speciesEdit
Some of the species that were originally assigned to Redlichia were later moved to other genera.
^Glauert, L. "Determination of the exact localities where Cambrian fossils were collected by E.T. Hardman in 1884" (PDF). Records of the Western Australian Museaum and Art Gallery. 1 (2): 66–72.
^ abJames D. Holmes; John R. Paterson; Diego C. García-Bellido (2019). "The trilobite Redlichia from the lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale Konservat-Lagerstätte of South Australia: systematics, ontogeny and soft-part anatomy". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (4): 295–334. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1605411. S2CID 196651681.
^Paterson, R.J.; Jago, J.B. (2006). "New trilobites from the Lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte at Big Gully, Kangaroo Island, South Australia". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 32: 43–57. hdl:1959.14/10651. ISSN 0810-8889.
^Mikko Haaramo. "Mikko's Phylogeny Archive". Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
^Bicknell, Russell D.C.; Holmes, James D.; Pates, Stephen; García-Bellido, Diego C.; Paterson, John R. (2022). "Cambrian carnage: Trilobite predator-prey interactions in the Emu Bay Shale of South Australia". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 591: 110877. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.110877. S2CID 246790425.
Further readingEdit
Hagadorn, J.W. (2002). "Burgess Shale-type Localities: The global picture". In Bottjer, D.J.; W. Etter; J.W. Hagadorn; C.M. Tang (eds.). Exceptional Fossil Preservation -- A Unique View on the Evolution of Marine Life. Columbia University Press. ISBN0231102542.
Greg Edgecombe and the Australian Museum. "Australian Trilobites: A Species List and Bibliography". Retrieved August 23, 2005.
Sam Gon III. "A guide to the Orders of Trilobites". Retrieved August 23, 2005.
Nedin, C. (1995). "The Emu Bay Shale, a Lower Cambrian fossil Lagerstätte, Kangaroo Island, South Australia". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 18: 31–40.
Simpson, Dave. . Archived from the original on February 19, 2006. Retrieved August 23, 2005.
redlichia, genus, redlichiid, trilobite, family, redlichiidae, with, large, very, large, species, centimetres, inches, long, fossils, various, species, found, lower, cambrian, toyonian, aged, marine, strata, from, china, korea, pakistan, himalayas, iran, spain. Redlichia is a genus of redlichiid trilobite in the family Redlichiidae with large to very large species up to 35 centimetres or 14 inches long Fossils of various species are found in Lower Cambrian Toyonian aged marine strata from China Korea Pakistan the Himalayas Iran Spain southern Siberia and Antarctica and from Middle Cambrian Ordian aged marine strata of Australia RedlichiaTemporal range Toyonian Ordian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NRedlichia chinensisScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass TrilobitaOrder RedlichiidaFamily RedlichiidaeSubfamily RedlichiinaeGenus RedlichiaCossmann 1902Type speciesHoeferia noetlingiRedlich 1899SpeciesR noetlingi Redlich 1899 Type synonym Hoeferia noetlingi R advialis Opik 1970 R amadeana Opik 1970 R chinensis Walcott 1905 R creta Opik 1970 R endoi Lu 1950 R forresti Etheridge 1890 synonym Olenellus forresti 1 R guizhouensis Zhou 1974 R gumridgensis Laurie 2004 R idonea Whitehouse 1939 R lepta Opik 1970 R petita Opik 1970 R rex Holmes Paterson amp Garcia Bellido 2019 2 R mayalis Opik 1970 R micrograpta Opik 1970 R takooensis Lu 1950 3 R venulosa Whitehouse 1939 synonym Mesodema venulosa R versabunda Opik 1970 R vertumnia Opik 1970SynonymsHoeferia Redlich 1899 non Bittner 1894Mesodema Whitehouse 1939Dongshania Lin in Qiu et al 1983Spinoredlichia Liu 1975 Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 2 1 Notable species 3 Reassigned species 4 References 5 Further readingDescription EditRedlichia has a rather flat and thinly calcified dorsal exoskeleton of inverted egg shaped outline about 1 longer than wide measured across the base of the genal spines and disregarding the spine on the 11th segment of the articulated middle part of the body or thorax The headshield or cephalon is semicircular about as long as the body with clear genal spines that are a smooth continuation of the border that extend backward and outward and curving to be near parallel near their tips which typically extend to the backhalf of the articulated middle part of the body or thorax The thorax consists of 11 17 segments with the 11th from the front bearing a backward directed spine on the midline Taxonomy EditRedlich originally named the genus Hoeferia in 1899 It turned out however that this name was already given to an arcid bivalve by Bittner in 1894 rendering it an unavailable junior homonym This is why in 1902 Cossmann renamed Hoeferia Redlich 1899 as Redlichia in honor of Redlich Mesodema Whitehouse 1939 Dongshania Lin in Qiu et al 1983 and Spinoredlichia Liu 1975 are all considered to be synonyms of Redlichia 4 Notable species Edit nbsp Comparison of the redlichiid trilobites Redlichia rex larger and R takooensis from the Lower Cambrian Kangaroo Island AustraliaThe type species R noetlingi is found in Lower Cambrian aged marine strata of Western Pakistan A similar species R chinensis is found in Lower Cambrian aged marine strata of China R nobilis is found in Lower Cambrian aged marine strata of South Korea It was originally thought that the Kangaroo Island species R takooensis had a small form and a large form more thorough studies have concluded that the large morph is a distinct carnivorous possibly cannibalistic species now named R rex 2 5 Reassigned species EditSome of the species that were originally assigned to Redlichia were later moved to other genera R blanckenhorni Redlichops blanckenhorni R finalis Redlichaspis finalis R nakamurai Neoredlichia nakamurai R walcotti Lu 1941 Archaeops lui R walcotti Mansuy 1912 Saukandiops walcotti R cf walcotti Saito 1934 Latiredlichia saitoiReferences Edit Glauert L Determination of the exact localities where Cambrian fossils were collected by E T Hardman in 1884 PDF Records of the Western Australian Museaum and Art Gallery 1 2 66 72 a b James D Holmes John R Paterson Diego C Garcia Bellido 2019 The trilobite Redlichia from the lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale Konservat Lagerstatte of South Australia systematics ontogeny and soft part anatomy Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18 4 295 334 doi 10 1080 14772019 2019 1605411 S2CID 196651681 Paterson R J Jago J B 2006 New trilobites from the Lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale Lagerstatte at Big Gully Kangaroo Island South Australia Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 32 43 57 hdl 1959 14 10651 ISSN 0810 8889 Mikko Haaramo Mikko s Phylogeny Archive Archived from the original on 27 December 2012 Retrieved 6 November 2012 Bicknell Russell D C Holmes James D Pates Stephen Garcia Bellido Diego C Paterson John R 2022 Cambrian carnage Trilobite predator prey interactions in the Emu Bay Shale of South Australia Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 591 110877 doi 10 1016 j palaeo 2022 110877 S2CID 246790425 Further reading EditHagadorn J W 2002 Burgess Shale type Localities The global picture In Bottjer D J W Etter J W Hagadorn C M Tang eds Exceptional Fossil Preservation A Unique View on the Evolution of Marine Life Columbia University Press ISBN 0231102542 Greg Edgecombe and the Australian Museum Australian Trilobites A Species List and Bibliography Retrieved August 23 2005 Sam Gon III A guide to the Orders of Trilobites Retrieved August 23 2005 Nedin C 1995 The Emu Bay Shale a Lower Cambrian fossil Lagerstatte Kangaroo Island South Australia Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 18 31 40 Simpson Dave Trilobites of South Australia Archived from the original on February 19 2006 Retrieved August 23 2005 nbsp Paleontology portal Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Redlichia amp oldid 1136811295, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
