Organisational diagram of the core members of the Red Three in Switzerland
The terms Red Three, and Red Orchestra respectively, were invented by the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), the counter-espionage arm of the SS. As an essential part of the Red Orchestra, the Red Three (radio stations) (de: die Roten Drei (Funkstellen)) were outside the reach of German security forces, located in Switzerland. It was headed by Alexander Radó (code name: DORA), a Hungarian émigré, Communist, and geographer. The Red Three was founded in 1936, when Radó arrived in Geneva. By April 1942, the organization had been established with Radó as group leader, and also had three subgroup leaders: Rachel Dübendorfer (code name: SISSY), Georges Blun (code name: LONG), and Otto Pünter (code name: PAKBO).
After the imprisonment of Leopold Trepper (code name: GRAND CHEF) by the Gestapo in 1942, Radó's group became the most effective part of the Red Orchestra espionage network. It collected useful information in Switzerland and had some contacts inside Germany. Perhaps most importantly, Radó was also in touch with the Lucy spy ring, which had very valuable contacts inside Germany, and was linked to British intelligence. Some people have speculated that the Lucy ring was used by British intelligence to pass Ultra information to Soviet intelligence without revealing the codebreaking operation that was its source, but most historians do not agree with this theory.[2]
In 1944–1945, Radó was recalled to the USSR and charged with spying for Britain and the U.S. He was imprisoned for eight years, but was released and rehabilitated after Stalin's death.
Roessler's sources in World War IIedit
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2023)
Bibliographyedit
Mulligan, Timothy P. (April 1987). "pies, Ciphers and 'Zitadelle': Intelligence and the Battle of Kursk, 1943". Journal of Contemporary History. 22 (2). Sage Publications, Inc: 235–260. doi:10.1177/002200948702200203. JSTOR 260932. S2CID 162709461.
^Tittenhofer, Mark A. (4 August 2011). . CIA Library. Center for the Study of Intelligence. Archived from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
^. spymuseum.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
Trepper, Leopold (1977). The Great Game McGraw–Hill, Inc. ISBN0-07-065146-9
Brysac, Shareen Blair (2000) Resisting Hitler: Mildred Harnack and the Red Orchestra Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-513269-6
External linksedit
Plötzensee Memorial Centre 2019-08-31 at the Wayback Machine
BFCentral
on Sophia Poznanska
Book review of Red Orchestra by Anne Nelson. Random House website. Retrieved April 7, 2010
three, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, april, 2018, learn, when, remove, this, message, german, rote, drei, sw. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations April 2018 Learn how and when to remove this message The Red Three German Rote Drei was the Switzerland section of the so called Red Orchestra It was established and maintained by Soviet Military Intelligence Staff Division 4 1 Contents 1 Name history and activities 2 Roessler s sources in World War II 3 Bibliography 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksName history and activities edit nbsp Organisational diagram of the core members of the Red Three in Switzerland The terms Red Three and Red Orchestra respectively were invented by the Reichssicherheitshauptamt RSHA the counter espionage arm of the SS As an essential part of the Red Orchestra the Red Three radio stations de die Roten Drei Funkstellen were outside the reach of German security forces located in Switzerland It was headed by Alexander Rado code name DORA a Hungarian emigre Communist and geographer The Red Three was founded in 1936 when Rado arrived in Geneva By April 1942 the organization had been established with Rado as group leader and also had three subgroup leaders Rachel Dubendorfer code name SISSY Georges Blun code name LONG and Otto Punter code name PAKBO After the imprisonment of Leopold Trepper code name GRAND CHEF by the Gestapo in 1942 Rado s group became the most effective part of the Red Orchestra espionage network It collected useful information in Switzerland and had some contacts inside Germany Perhaps most importantly Rado was also in touch with the Lucy spy ring which had very valuable contacts inside Germany and was linked to British intelligence Some people have speculated that the Lucy ring was used by British intelligence to pass Ultra information to Soviet intelligence without revealing the codebreaking operation that was its source but most historians do not agree with this theory 2 In 1944 1945 Rado was recalled to the USSR and charged with spying for Britain and the U S He was imprisoned for eight years but was released and rehabilitated after Stalin s death Roessler s sources in World War II editThis section is empty You can help by adding to it November 2023 Bibliography editMulligan Timothy P April 1987 pies Ciphers and Zitadelle Intelligence and the Battle of Kursk 1943 Journal of Contemporary History 22 2 Sage Publications Inc 235 260 doi 10 1177 002200948702200203 JSTOR 260932 S2CID 162709461 See also editLucy spy ring Red Orchestra espionage Plotzensee Prison Schwarze Kapelle White Rose FRG 1972 TV Miniseries References edit Tittenhofer Mark A 4 August 2011 The Rote Drei Getting Behind the Lucy Myth CIA Library Center for the Study of Intelligence Archived from the original on March 27 2010 Retrieved 4 January 2019 The Lucy Spy Ring spymuseum com Archived from the original on 2017 12 01 Retrieved 2018 02 17 Trepper Leopold 1977 The Great Game McGraw Hill Inc ISBN 0 07 065146 9 Brysac Shareen Blair 2000 Resisting Hitler Mildred Harnack and the Red Orchestra Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 513269 6External links editPlotzensee Memorial Centre Archived 2019 08 31 at the Wayback Machine BFCentral on Sophia Poznanska Book review of Red Orchestra by Anne Nelson Random House website Retrieved April 7 2010 L orchestre rouge at IMDb nbsp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Red Three amp oldid 1186868853, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
